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微生物阿魏酸酯酶及其应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
阿魏酸酯酶是参与催化水解植物细胞壁中木质素与半纤维素分子之间以酯键结合的阿魏酸、二聚阿魏酸等酚酸类物质的关键酶,在植物细胞壁的生物降解中起着重要作用。本文就能够分泌阿魏酸酯酶的微生物种类、酯酶类型、酶促反应动力学特性、酯酶基因全序列表达与调控、重组酯酶功能基因工程菌构建及应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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大麦芽阿魏酸酯酶的分离纯化及其部分酶学性质的测定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本试验采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-52离子交换层析对大麦芽中的阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)进行了分离纯化,并测定了其部分酶学性质。结果显示,分离纯化后获得了阿魏酸酯酶纯品,纯化倍数达34倍;经SDS-PAGE电泳显示为单一条带,并测定其相对分子质量约为29.3 ku;最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH为5.5,但阿魏酸酯酶在60℃以下,pH 4.5~7.5之间有较好的稳定性;Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe3+对酶活有很强的抑制作用,Na+和EDTA对酶有一定的激活作用。 相似文献
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阿魏酸酯酶处理对羊草、玉米秸、稻秸及麦秸瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了分析评价阿魏酸酯酶在瘤胃微生物降解利用秸秆等木质纤维性饲料中的功效,本研究采用短期人工瘤胃体外发酵试验,结合发酵产气自动记录技术,研究了在羊草、玉米秸、稻秸及麦秸4种不同粗饲料中添加2%比例阿魏酸酯酶39℃预处理16 h后对72 h瘤胃微生物发酵的影响.结果表明,加酶前后干物质消失率差异不显著(P>0.05);在添加阿魏酸酯酶后,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)产生量由高至低依次为羊草、稻秸,玉米秸、麦秸;与对照组相比,添加阿魏酸酯酶后TVFA增幅由高至低依次为麦秸(+13.9%)、玉米秸(+13.6%)、羊草(+7.6%)、稻秸(+3.0%)(P<0.05).此外,添加阿魏酸酯酶亦可显著提高羊草和麦秸的体外发酵产气量(42.2%和16.6%),麦秸体外发酵产气速率提高37.5%(P<0.05).用阿魏酸酯酶预处理农作物秸秆等粗饲料,可促进瘤胃微生物对饲料细胞壁的降解,为今后进一步通过开展动物饲养试验来研究和开发酯酶的饲用价值提供了实践指导依据. 相似文献
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为了降低饲料中非淀粉多糖抗营养因子,提高肉鸡对饲粮养分的利用率,本文研究了阿魏酸酯酶酶化发酵饲料的品质及对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选用20日龄黄脚麻鸡180只,将肉鸡分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复9只。4组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10%菌柄(对照)、10%普通发酵饲料、10%酶化饲料、10%酶化发酵饲料的饲粮。结果表明,阿魏酸酯酶酶化发酵饲料中粗蛋白质含量、总氨基酸含量、阿魏酸含量、低聚木糖含量、总菌数均高于普通发酵饲料。在肉鸡饲喂中,酶化发酵饲料与普通发酵饲料相比,肉鸡平均日增重提高了6.42%,平均日采食量降低了5.91%,料重比降低了11.34%,但均差异不显著(P0.05)。阿魏酸酯酶酶化发酵饲料可以提高饲料品质,促进肉鸡生长,提高饲料转化率。 相似文献
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为了建立一种快速检测牛肉中有机磷农药残留的方法,试验从新鲜小麦粉中分离小麦酯酶,通过真空冷冻浓缩、羧甲基纤维素层析、真空冷冻干燥等工艺提取成品。结果表明:小麦酯酶酶促反应最适温度为36.8℃,最适pH值为7.7,最适反应时间为3 min,敌敌畏对其抑制时间为8 min,显色剂2,6-二氯靛酚的最大吸收波长为606 nm;在相同条件下,提纯后的小麦酯酶检测模拟有机磷农药残留阳性牛肉样品抑制率为99.5%,市售丁酰胆碱酯酶测得的抑制率为99.8%,二者的检测结果高度一致。 相似文献
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因大蜂螨会产生抗药性,所以进行了这一初步研究,在研究中建立了测定两种解毒作用系统即酯酶与谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶(GST)水平的方法。从10个蜂群内取大蜂螨的样品200毫克,制成去掉线粒体的匀浆,测得酯酶的总活力为每分钟每微克蛋白是0.0068(OD)。GST 的活力在去掉线粒体的上清液中,每分钟每微克蛋白结合0.260±0.21μm,在细胞溶质中结合0.646±0.48μm。这些结果仅是从以色列的一个意蜂试验场的蜂螨中取得的。本方法和获得的初步结果可用于当地或邻近地区,用酶值评价大蜂螨对杀虫剂的抗药性。 相似文献
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不同倍性鸭茅同功酶比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用生化遗传学的方法,对我国亚热带地区几个二倍体和四倍体野生鸭茅不同生育期的酯酶,过氧化物酶同功酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,鸭茅二倍体各品系之间,四倍体各品种(系)之间的同源性较高,遗传差异较小,二倍体与四倍体之间,酯酶,过氧经物酶同功酶等都有较大差异。 相似文献
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为研究阿魏酸对青贮主要有害微生物的抑菌活性及其作用机理,本试验以青贮中酵母菌、丁梭菌、乙酸菌、霉菌作为指示菌株,通过滤纸片法研究阿魏酸对指示菌株抑菌活性,分析其对微生物生长曲线、阿魏酸剩余含量、胞外蛋白含量与溶液电导率的影响,探讨抑菌机理。结果显示:0.6%的阿魏酸对酵母菌、丁梭菌、乙酸菌、霉菌抑菌效果显著|阿魏酸使菌株胞外蛋白分别降低了16.4%、6%、8.2%、10.8%,胞外溶液电导率分别降低了96、40、337、165 us/cm。阿魏酸对青贮主要有害微生物均具有一定的抑制效果,其抑菌机理可能是通过延长指示菌株的适应期,破坏蛋白质的合成,影响指示菌株对培养基的利用能力,从而干扰菌株生理代谢活动。
[关键词] 阿魏酸|抑菌|微生物|青贮 相似文献
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不同品种紫花苜蓿酚酸类化感物质含量的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用高效液相色谱法对10个品种紫花苜蓿地上部和根水浸提液中的绿原酸、香豆酸、羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸5种酚酸类化感物质的含量进行分析。研究表明,无论是地上部还是根水浸提液中,不同品种的紫花苜蓿酚酸类化感物质的含量存在差异,艾丽丝地上部和根水浸提液中绿原酸的含量分别为94.72和23.98μg/g,咖啡酸含量分别为30.49和6.33μg/g,与其他品种相比均较高;艾格地上部和根水浸提液阿魏酸含量分别为48.97和6.75μg/g,均明显高于其他品种。紫花苜蓿地上部和根水浸提液羟基苯甲酸含量分别与咖啡酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸含量呈极显著的正相关。紫花苜蓿地上部水浸提液中,香豆酸含量分别与咖啡酸和阿魏酸含量呈极显著的正相关,羟基苯甲酸与香豆酸呈显著正相关;根水浸提液中,咖啡酸含量分别与绿原酸和阿魏酸含量、绿原酸含量与阿魏酸含量呈显著正相关。另外,同一品种紫花苜蓿地上部与根水浸提液中同一种酚酸类含量存在差异。 相似文献
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Laboratory evaluation was made to access the seasonal variations in abiotic environmental factors temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, electrical conductivity and ferulic acid toxicity in snail‐attractant pellets (SAP) against the intermediate host snail Lymnaea acuminata in each month of the years 2010 and 2011. On the basis of a 24‐h toxicity assay, it was noted that lethal concentration values of 4.03, 3.73% and 4.45% in SAP containing starch and 4.16, 4.23% and 4.29% in SAP containing proline during the months of May, June and September, respectively, were most effective in killing the snails, while SAP containing starch/proline + ferulic acid was least effective in the month of January/February (24‐h lethal concentration value was 7.67%/7.63% in SAP). There was a significant positive correlation between lethal concentration value of ferulic acid containing SAP and levels of dissolved O2/pH of water in corresponding months. On the contrary, a negative correlation was observed between lethal concentration value and dissolved CO2/temperature of test water in the same months. To ascertain that such a relationship between toxicity and abiotic factors is not co‐incidental, the nervous tissue of treated (40% and 80% of 24‐h lethal concentration value) and control group of snails was assayed for the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in each of the 12 months of the same year. There was a maximum inhibition of 58.43% of AChE, in snails exposed to 80% of the 24‐h lethal concentration value of ferulic acid + starch in the month of May. This work shows conclusively that the best time to control snail population with SAP containing ferulic acid is during the months of May, June and September. 相似文献
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Relatively high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid in oat hulls, mainly ferulic acid, are believed to be inhibitory to digestion by ruminal microorganisms. Ferulic acid is produced via the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and covalently cross-linked to polysaccharides by ester bonds and to components of lignin, mainly by ether bonds. Ferulic acid also forms dimers or trimers. As a result, polysaccharides become extensively cross-linked by ferulate dimerization or trimerization and incorporation into lignin. Previous studies have shown that Aspergillus ferulic acid esterase and Trichoderma xylanase act synergistically to release ferulic acid from feruloyl-polysaccharides in complex plant cell walls of oat hulls. This activity opens the remainder of the polysaccharides to further hydrolytic attack and facilitates the accessibility of the main polysaccharide chain to cellulase, thereby increasing the release of reducing sugars. In Exp. 1, the best multienzyme cocktail (ferulic acid esterase, xylanase, cellulase, endo-glucanase [I, II], and beta-glucanase) was developed using an orthogonal experimental design, L25 (5(6)), where L = orthogonal table; 6 = factors; 5 = five levels of each; and 25 = experimental number, for further in situ and/or in vivo study. In Exp. 2, in vitro biodegradation studies with a 3 x 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments were used to evaluate the responses of three feedstuffs, oat hulls or standard references (wheat straw and alfalfa hay), two particle sizes (1 mm and 250 microm), and four in vitro incubation treatments with the best multienzyme cocktail developed in Exp. 1. Addition of the multienzyme cocktail to the forages improved (P < 0.01) in vitro ruminal fluid degradability. With respect to feedstuff, the order of response (P < 0.05) to the treatments was oat hulls (+12% unit) > wheat straw (+5% unit) > alfalfa (+2% unit). This multi-enzyme cocktail seems best suited for oat hulls containing feruloyl ester bonds. In conclusion, data from this study suggest that the addition of the multienzyme cocktail to poorly digestible feeds before feeding enhanced degradation of DM. 相似文献
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[Objective] The paper was clear the effects of ferulic sesquiterpene compounds on enzyme activity of schistosomulum.[Method]Mice infected with schistosome cercariae were orally administrated with ferulic sesquiterpene compounds at the dose of 300 mg/kg on the 6 thday post infection once a week for 4 weeks.Schistosomula were collected and ground into homogenate on the 3 rdand 5 thday after every time of administration.Thin layer starch gel electrophoresis was used to observe the activity of enzymes in the homogenate.Control group was also designed(drug free mice).[Result] The activities of malic dehydrogenase,6-phophate mannosease and acid phosphatase were obviously inhibited in the drug group,but the activity of phosphoglucoisomerase was not inhibited.[Conclusion] Ferulic sesquiterpene compounds have inhibitory effect on energy metabolism of schistosomulum and digestion of red blood cells. 相似文献
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开花期10个苜蓿品种水浸提液中酚酸类化感物质含量研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)于2003年分析了10个紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa L.)品种开花期地上部和根水浸提液中羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸、香豆酸、绿原酸和阿魏酸5种酚酸类化感物质的含量.结果表明:德福(Defi)、艾格(Alegro)和三德利(Sanditi)的地上部和根水浸提液中至少有一种酚酸含量明显高于其他供试品种,是供试品种中酚酸类化感物质含量较高的品种;同一酚酸类在同一紫花苜蓿品种的地上部和根浸提液中的含量不同;供试的紫花苜蓿品种地上部水浸提液总酚酸的含量高于根水浸提液.因此,不同紫花苜蓿品种的同一酚酸类化感物质的含量存在差异,同一酚酸类化感物质的含量在紫花苜蓿的地上部和根中的含量不同.建议生产中选择适宜的紫花苜蓿品种,充分利用其化感抑草作用,克服其连作的自毒作用,达到提高草地生产能力的目的. 相似文献
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为了比较当归颗粒剂与煎剂在有效成分和药效上的差异,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴定当归颗粒剂;高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定颗粒剂、煎剂和对照药材中阿魏酸的含量;应用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件对颗粒剂、煎剂进行相似度评价,同时进行体外抑菌试验。结果表明,当归颗粒剂TLC图中存在当归对照药材的特征斑点,与对照药材HPLC特征图谱相似度达95.1%;颗粒剂、煎剂和对照药材中阿魏酸的含量分别为3.95、1.69、2.84mg/g;抑菌结果为金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌抑菌圈颗粒剂和煎剂相同,大肠埃希菌、链球菌抑菌圈颗粒剂煎剂。通过试验发现,当归颗粒剂中有效成分与对照药材相近,体外抑菌结果优于煎剂。 相似文献