利用RAPD标记分析近交系小鼠的遗传多态性

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记，分析了BALB／c、57BL／6、DBA／2、C3H／He近交系小鼠的遗传多态性。结果表明，上述小鼠表现出了各自不同的多态性RAPD标记；RAPD可作为近交系小鼠的分子标记， 在DNA水平区别4种近交系小鼠。     

近交系小鼠RAPD标记的观察

采用随机扩增多态性DNA技术(RAPD),分析BALB/c、C57BL/6、DBA/2、C3H/He等4个近交系小鼠的基因多态性,探讨用RAPD作为遗传标记,对近交系小鼠进行遗传检测。结果表明,4种小鼠表现出了各自不同的多态性RAPD标记,证明RAPD可作为近交系小鼠的分子标记,在DNA水平区别4种近交系小鼠。     

用寡核苷酸探针对近交系小鼠DNA指纹图谱的分析

应用DNA指纹技术，用非放射性标记的寡核苷酸探针(GGAT)。对3个清洁级近交小鼠品系C57、DBA／2、BALB／c进行检测，分析其DNA指纹图谱。结果显示，不同品系近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图谱有明显差异，而品系内小鼠之间的DNA指纹图谱基本一致。证明DNA指纹技术能够较好地检测出近交系小鼠的基因纯合性，反映其遗传质量，可以应用于对近交系小鼠的遗传质量监测。     

BALB/c近交系小鼠的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)技术 ,分析了 BAL B/c近交系小鼠的基因多态性。结果表明 ,BAL B/c近交系小鼠表现出了多态性 RAPD标记 ,单个随机引物扩增的 DNA片段数目为 2至 11条不等 ,片段大小在 30 0～ 2 30 0 bp之间     

微卫星DNA在近交系小鼠遗传监测中的应用

用7对引物对5种不同品系近交系小鼠的微卫星位点进行多态性分析。结果显示,不同品系及同品系不同个体近交系小鼠的扩增产物在7个微卫星位点上均出现一清晰条带,在不同品系小鼠之间筛选出4个（D3Mit22、D6Mitl92、D6Mit36、D6Mitl49）具有多态性的位点;同品系内不同个体之间没有多态性。结果表明,所检测的小鼠符合近交系要求,筛选出的4个微卫星位点可用于国内有关近交系小鼠的遗传背景监测。     

DNA指纹技术在近交系动物遗传检测中的研究

采用生物素标记的(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针对DBA1、DBA2两种近交系小鼠及DBA2×DBA1 F1代小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析,并与常规生化位点标记分析法进行了比较.结果显示,DNA指纹图具有良好的多态性,不仅可以分辨生化位点标记分析法能够区分的不同品系的近交系动物,而且也能够分辨生化位点标记分析法不能区分的不同品系的近交系动物.研究还表明,用同一方法重复同一基因组DNA的指纹图时,获得相同的实验结果.因此,DNA指纹图法不仅比传统的生化位点检测分析法有更好的分辨力,也具有良好的稳定性.     

近交系大鼠DNA指纹图与微卫星DNA比较分析

为了建立一种对近交系大鼠遗传物质进行精确可靠、快速简便的监测方法，利用DNA指纹技术对国内6个品系8个近交系大鼠群体进行了DNA多态性的分析，并与PCR扩增微卫星DNA技术进行了比较。其结束显示：(1)不同品系之间DNA指纹图差异较大，同一群体不同个体间DNA指纹图带的相似系数和共有带率除SHR（哈)和WKY(哈)小于0．7外，其他均大于0．9。不同地区同一SHR间和WKY间DNA指纹图也存在差异，相同DNA不同次制作的DNA指纹图谱基本一致。(2)不同品系个体间微卫星DNA具有显著多态性；同一群体不同个体之间除SHR(哈)的SMST位点和WKY(哈)的AGT位点出现一定的差异外，其他均没有差异。DNA指纹图能更精确可靠地反映出动物个体间的遗传背景，而微卫星DNA遗传监测方法比较简便快捷。     

微卫星DNA标记技术及其在猪近交系遗传检测中的应用前景

首先对家畜核基因组中DNA微卫星标记作了简要的介绍 ,包括微卫星标记的定义、结构、分布、组成、保守性、优点及丰富的多态性等。其次主要介绍微卫星DNA标记技术在猪近交系遗传检测方面的应用。微卫星标记出现以前 ,只能通过公式来简单的计算近交系数 ,现在通过微卫星标记技术结合PCR(聚合酶链式反应 )技术和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,可以计算出近交系猪的等位基因频率 ,进一步得到它的多态信息含量。从而可以从分子水平上真正验证近交系猪的基因纯合度及同基因性 ,在转基因研究、异体器官移植和其实验动物化等方面奠定了坚实的遗传学基础     

DNA指纹技术对近交系小鼠生产扩大群的遗传检测

采用生物素标记的（GGAT）4寡核苷酸探针对C57BL／6J、BALB／c和DBA／2三种近交系生产扩大群F4代小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析。结果显示（GGAT）4寡核苷酸探针对上述三种近交系小鼠产生的DNA指纹图的图带数均为10-12条,具有良好的多态性,品系内平均DNA指纹图的相似系教（X）在0．88—0．95的范围内,具有相同指纹图的概率（P）均在0．35以上,极显著地高于品系间的相似系数（0．18—0．31）和相同指纹图的概率（P〈8．4×10^-7）。研究结果表明（GGAT）。寡核苷酸探针可用于制作近交系小鼠生产扩大群的DNA指纹图,以对其进行遗传检测。     

分子标记在动物育种中的应用

遗传标记有着悠久的历史,经历了形态学标记、细胞学标记、生物化学标记和现代DNA分子标记(简称分子标记)。遗传标记是指一些等位基因或遗传物质,其表型易于识别,且遵循简单的孟德尔遗传规律。所谓分子遗传标记,必须能够证实它既涉及到一个可遗传的性状,又要能将它定位到基因组上的     

细胞融合技术及其在生物医药中的应用

细胞融合技术正日益成为生物医药研究开发中的一项重要技术 ,利用它创建了一系列兼具亲本优良性状的生物和生物制品并产生了良好的经济效益 ,促进了生物医药的产业化。文章对细胞融合技术的遗传标记筛选 ,原生质体的制备、融合与再生 ,融合子的鉴定等的研究情况进行了概述。原生质体融合技术在生物医药上的应用 ,主要集中在抗生素生产菌种改良、植物病害防治以及动物疾病防治上。展望未来 ,其应用前景必将更加广泛     

兽用中药生物学检测方法与评价技术

兽用中药化学成分复杂、药效物质基础研究薄弱,质量控制与评价一直是其研究的难点。现行的以理化检测方法为主的质量控制手段难以满足现代中兽医药发展的需要,难以很好地反映中药的有效性、安全性。本文阐述了显微、DNA条形码分子鉴定、基因芯片等生物学检测方法与评价技术在兽用中药质量控制中的应用价值,建议加强生物学相关检测及评价技术的研究和应用,弥补传统质控方法的不足,促进兽用中药质量控制水平的全面提升。     

不同提取工艺对清肺散有效成分提取效率的影响

为筛选清肺散的理想提取方法,试验采用生物发酵法、酶提法和水煎法三种中药提取工艺,以(R,S)-告依春、甘草苷、甘草酸铵和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-龙胆双糖苷为考核指标,应用液相色谱法测定不同方法提取清肺散有效活性成分的效果.结果 显示,在相同物理条件下,生物发酵法对清肺散有效成分提取量分别均高于纤...     

胶体金免疫层析技术在动物病毒性传染病诊断中的应用

自胶体金标记技术问世以来,已在妊娠检测、传染病、毒品、食品安全和兽医等领域得到了广泛的应用.就兽医领域而言,已应用在动物寄生虫、细菌、病毒以及兽药残留检测等方面.论文总结了胶体金免疫层析技术的基本原理和常见的检测抗原、抗体的方法,对胶体金免疫层析技术在动物病毒抗原和抗体检测中的应用进行了详细的介绍,并对该技术在动物病毒...     

仔猪高死亡率腹泻病因探讨

2010年4月以来,全国各地先后出现高死亡率吮乳仔猪腹泻,以冬春寒冷季节多发、持续时间长、高死亡率为特征,日龄越小死亡率越高,用药物及生物制剂均无法有效控制,给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。按照流行性腹泻病毒感染、霉菌毒素及中毒等采取相应的防治措施,效果均不明显。按中兽医整体观念、辨证论治,将两方面病因有机结合起来,分析该疾病的病理机制,采用中药复方进行临床验证,取得较好的防治效果,为该病的预防和治疗提供了新的思路与方法。     

The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease

Objective – To review zinc physiology and pathophysiology and the importance of zinc toxicity and deficiency in veterinary patients.
Data Sources – A review of human and veterinary medical literature.
Human Data Synthesis – There is a significant amount of original research in humans and animals on the role of zinc in multiple organ systems. There is also significant data available on human patients with zinc abnormalities.
Veterinary Data Synthesis – Zinc deficiency has been studied in dogs with genetic disease and dietary deficiency leading to dermatological disease and immune deficiency. Zinc toxicity has been described after ingestion of metallic foreign bodies containing zinc.
Conclusions – Historically, the role of zinc in health and disease has been studied through patients with toxicity or severe deficiency with obvious clinical signs. As the ubiquitous contribution of zinc to structure and function in biological systems was discovered, clinically significant but subtle deficiency states have been revealed. In human medicine, mild zinc deficiencies are currently thought to cause chronic metabolic derangement leading to or exacerbating immune deficiency, gastrointestinal problems, endocrine disorders, neurologic dysfunction, cancer, accelerated aging, degenerative disease, and more. Determining the causal relationships between mild zinc deficiency and concurrent disease is complicated by the lack of sensitive or specific tests for zinc deficiency. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and its contribution to disease in veterinary patients is not well known. Continued research is warranted to develop more sensitive and specific tests to assess zinc status, to determine which patients are at risk for deficiency, and to optimize supplementation in health and disease.     

Ischemia–reperfusion injury: assessment and treatment, part II

Objective: To review the current scientific literature on ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in both human and veterinary medicine and to describe the assessment of IR injury, the available testing methods, and the options available for treatment. Data sources: Data sources include scientific reviews and original research publications in both human and veterinary medicine. Summary: The assessment of IR injury includes measuring products formed by the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with biological membranes, measuring levels of endogenous antioxidants, and measuring ROS themselves. Testing depends on the laboratory used, the test method chosen, the sample submitted (i.e., plasma, urine, tissue, etc.), and the timing of the test in relation to sample collection. For this reason, testing is not standardized and pharmacological data on antioxidant effectiveness are not available. Antioxidants and drugs tested have included single agents as well as ‘cocktails’ consisting of several agents working at different key points in the injury cascade. Conclusions: There are several new testing methods as well as new strategies for attempting to ameliorate the damage inflicted upon reperfusion and this article is intended as a review of the assessment and treatment of IR injury.     

Structure and function of the major histocompatibility complex in domestic animals

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region that has been intensively studied for the past 2 decades. Interest in the MHC has been high because of (i) the particular involvement of the MHC in transplantation reactions, including organ allograft rejection in human beings; and (ii) the more general role of MHC gene products in the genetic control of immune responses in all mammals. The MHC has several remarkable properties that include a distinctive genetic structure which has been well-preserved through evolution, and the extreme plasticity of form of the principal MHC genes, which can coexist within a single species in 30 or more allelic forms. The genes of the MHC regulate cell-cell interactions of various types within the lymphoreticular system, and thus function as the so-called "immune response" genes that have been described in mice, rats, and guinea pigs. In human beings, the "disease associations" demonstrated between MHC alleles and various pathologic conditions are probably manifestations of abnormal functions of immune regulation governed by the MHC. Studies of the MHC in domestic species are still in their infancy. However, investigations of the MHC have been carried out in swine, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, dogs, and chickens. Further research on the MHC of domestic animals is merited, both for its contribution to the overall understanding of the biological significance of the MHC and for its practical application in clinical veterinary medicine.     

Markers of Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Literature

There may be a great potential in the use of diagnostic "markers" of osteoarthritis in synovial fluid to diagnose the disease in an earlier stage and perhaps assess the severity of the disease and monitor the effect of a treatment. In the present study, potential markers are characterized, discussed, and grouped according to the latest knowledge on the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of osteoarthritis. They are grouped according to their origin as either cartilage degradation products, or related to the mechanisms of cartilage degradation, or related to chron-drocytic anabolic activity during disease, or related to genetic disorders. Also potential markers that have not yet been studied clinically or experimentally are discussed. Examples of the progress that has been made in human medicine approaching reliable diagnostic markers that should also be tried in veterinary medicine are described.     

白细胞介素-15研究进展

白细胞介素-15(interleukin 15 IL-15)是近年发现的一种在分子结构及生物学性质方面与白细胞介素-2(interleukin 2 IL-2)相似的细胞因子。自从1994年发现以来，由于其在医学及兽医学上的重要的生物学作用而受到研究者们的重视，在各个方面的深入研究已取得了一定的进展。本文对IL-15及其在兽医学上具有潜在应用价值的鸡IL-15(Chickeninterleukin 15 ChIL-is)近年来取得的研究进展作一综述，内容涉及IL-15的结构及受体、产生及基因表达、生物学作用。