饲料铜水平对生长猪血清铜、血清锌和血清铁的影响

选 60头生长白猪 ( 1 9.2 6± 1 .2 0 kg)随机分成 6组 ,每组公母各半 ,使用硫酸铜作为铜源 ,在饲料中添加不同浓度的铜 ,对照组铜添加浓度为 0 mg/kg,高铜试验各组添加浓度为 1 0 0、1 5 0、2 0 0、2 5 0和 30 0 mg/kg。试验期为 80 d,期间每隔 2 0 d采血一次 ,检测血清铜、血清铁和血清锌的含量。分析结果显示 :高铜饲料可明显提高血清铜含量 ,降低血清锌含量 ,但血清铁无显著性变化。第 2 0 d高铜各组平均血清铜比对照组提高 1 7.7% ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 40 d提高 2 0 .2 % ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 60 d提高 8.6% ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,第 80 d提高 31 .5 % ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,30 0 mg/kg高铜组与对照组比较差异显著 ( P<0 .0 5 )。血清锌第 2 0 d和 40 d,高铜各组平均比对照组降低 1 1 .6%和 1 0 .3%。     

日粮铜对猪生长性能及血清GH、INS、IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP_3水平的影响

选用 6 0头断乳“军牧 1号”白猪 ,分成 6组 ,每组 10头 ,分别饲以添加 0、10 0、15 0、2 0 0、2 5 0、30 0 mg/ kg铜 (硫酸铜 )的日粮 ,进行为期 80 d的饲养试验 ,定期称重、采血 ,观测铜对仔猪生长性能及血液 GH、INS、IGF- 、IGFBP3 的影响。结果表明 :基础日粮中添加 10 0～ 30 0 m g/ kg铜均能促进仔猪的生长 ,降低饲料消耗 ,其中以 2 5 0 m g/ kg铜和第40～ 6 0天最为显著 (P<0 .0 1)。高剂量铜能显著提高循环血液中 GH、INS、IGF- 、IGFBP3 的水平 ,其中以添加 2 5 0mg/ kg铜水平 ,于试验期第 2 0～ 40天最为明显 (P<0 .0 1)。高铜促生长作用显然是通过促进 GH、INS、IGF- 的合成和分泌而实现的。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响北大核心

试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖经济效益的影响。选取200头断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头断奶仔猪。对照组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、150 mg/kg水平的葡萄糖氧化酶。试验期28 d。结果显示,100 mg/kg组、150 mg/kg组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),100 mg/kg组和150 mg/kg组仔猪料重比(F/G)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组仔猪腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。100 mg/kg组仔猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),100 mg/kg组仔猪血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。100 mg/kg组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组仔猪血清白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。100 mg/kg组、150 mg/kg组仔猪背最长肌IGF-2基因的表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组仔猪养殖利润分别比对照组高7.80、29.28、16.14元/头。研究表明,葡萄糖氧化酶可以提高仔猪生长性能,改善机体健康,建议在断奶仔猪日粮中添加100 mg/kg葡萄糖氧化酶。     

BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估BGB饲料对生长猪和肥育猪生长性能的影响。试验分两期进行,试验1选用初始体重为19.02±0.04kg的阉公猪72头,随机分为3组。以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,对照组添加60mg/kg盐霉素,试验组分别添加5%、10%的BGB饲料。试验期28d,计算日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)和饲料转化率(FCR)。试验2选用初始体重为57.01±0.6kg的阉公猪54头,试验期35d,试验期日粮处理与饲养管理同试验1。试验1结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),但在饲喂后期,5%BGB添加组的ADG比对照组提高7.8%,饲料转化率改善10.8%。试验2结果表明:处理组与对照组各项测定指标无显著差异(P>0.05),在饲喂后期,5%、10%BGB添加组的ADG分别比对照组改善了10.7%和4.0%。从全期结果来看,处理组的效果要优于对照组,5%BGB添加组效果最好。以上两个试验表明:添加BGB可以达到与添加抗生素相似的生产水平,对生长性能有一定的促进作用,最适添加量为5%。     

干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫指标、抗氧化指标及养殖经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究干酪乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、血清免疫指标、抗氧化指标及养殖经济效益的影响。选取2 400只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复100只鸡。对照组为基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、400 mg/kg干酪乳杆菌。试验期42 d。结果表明,100 mg/kg组、200 mg/kg组和400 mg/kg组肉鸡1～21 d、1～42 d平均日增重（ADG）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,200 mg/kg组、400 mg/kg组1～42 d肉鸡ADG显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。400 mg/kg组肉鸡肠道中沙门氏菌数量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,各试验组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。200 mg/kg组和400 mg/kg组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,各试验组肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对...     

酷蛋白铜对仔猪生长及血清铜蓝蛋白和SOD活性的影响

选取体重 2 0kg左右杜长大仔猪 90头 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别饲喂添加 5 ,2 4 0mg/kg铜 (CuSO4·5H2 O)和5 0mg/kg酪蛋白铜的饲粮 ,试验期 3 0d ,试验第 1 5d和结束时对猪只称重 ,探讨酪蛋白铜对仔猪生长性能的影响 ,并对血液相关指标进行分析。结果表明 ,与 5mg/kg硫酸铜组相比 ,在生长前期 ,2 4 0mg/kg硫酸铜 (高铜 )的促生长效果最佳 ,日增重提高了 1 2 .3 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ,酪蛋白铜组日增重提高了 9.5 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ,但在生长后期 ,酪蛋白铜促生长作用超过了高铜 ,日增重提高了 1 7.0 %(P <0 .0 5 )。就整个生长期而言 ,酪蛋白铜的促生长效果最佳 ,日增重提高了 1 3 .6 %(P <0 .0 5 )。高铜明显降低了饲料转化率 ,降幅为 9.5 %(P <0 .0 5 ) ;高铜和酪蛋白铜组铜蓝蛋白活性分别提高了 3 4 .2 8%和 3 5 .71 %(P <0 .0 1 ) ,SOD分别提高 76 .4 %和 80 .8%(P <0 .0 1 )。由此可见 5 0mg/kg酪蛋白铜可显著影响猪的生长及血清相关指标水平 ,达到高剂量硫酸铜的效果     

不同种类酸化剂对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数及养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同种类的酸化剂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数及养分消化率的影响。选择初始体重为（44.05±0.02）g的1日龄健康白羽肉鸡360只，随机分为6个处理，每个处理6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮，苯甲酸组在基础日粮中添加2 000 mg/kg苯甲酸，富马酸组在基础日粮中添加2 000 mg/kg富马酸，复合酸化剂组在基础日粮上添加1 000、2 000、3 000 mg/kg复合酸（富马酸、甲酸、丙酸和载体）。试验期为42 d，饲喂期间自由采食和饮水。结果表明：与对照组相比，各添加剂组提高了22～42 d平均日采食量（ADFI）(P<0.05)，苯甲酸组提高了22～42 d平均日增重（ADG）、42 d的末重（FBW）以及1～42 d的ADFI和ADG(P<0.05)，且苯甲酸组1～42 d的ADG高于富马酸组和复合酸化剂3 000 mg/kg组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，各组提高了肉鸡的全净膛率（P<0.01）、半净膛率（P<0.05），苯甲酸组和复合酸化剂1 000 mg/kg组降低了肉鸡胸肌45 mi...     

日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用80只平均体重为(780±50)g的35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔,随机分成4组(每组20个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照)、0.1、0.5和2.5 mg/kg碘的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮碘添加水平对平均日增重(ADG)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.1和0.5 mg/kg组的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的F/G显著低于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清常规生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的IgA含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量无显著影响(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),随着碘添加水平的增加,T3含量先升高后降低,当碘添加量为0.5 mg/kg时T3含量达到最大值.日粮碘添加水平对血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,断奶至2月龄生长肉兔日粮中碘适宜添加量为0.5 mg/kg(基础日粮碘含量为0.22 mg/kg).     

果胶酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及屠体性状的影响

试验选用 1日龄商品艾维茵肉仔鸡 4 32只。完全随机分为 2 4圈 ,每圈 18只 ,地面平养 5 4天。试验分为 4个处理 ,每个处理 6圈 ,分别饲喂 4种不同的日粮 ,即对照组 (基础日粮组 )、添加金霉素 5 0mg/kg日粮组、添加果胶酶 5 0 0mg/kg日粮组、添加果胶酶 10 0 0mg/kg日粮组。试验结果表明 ,果胶酶在肉仔鸡饲养前 2 1日龄的促生长效果显著 ,平均日增重 (ADG)和平均日采食量 (ADFI)均比对照组有显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,饲料转化率显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与抗生素效果相当 ;2 1～ 4 2日龄时仅 5 0 0mg/kg果胶酶组出现ADFI比对照组显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但饲料转化率较其它各组显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。 4 2～ 5 4日龄时 5 0 0mg/kg果胶酶组ADG显著高于抗生素组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,饲料转化率显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。饲养全期 ,添加抗生素或果胶酶组ADG与对照组差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,ADFI仅5 0 0mg/kg果胶酶组与对照组有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

不同水平有机铜、有机锌对肉鸭生长性能、组织微量元素含量和血清抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平有机铜、有机锌对肉鸭生长性能、组织器官铜、锌、铁含量和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验采用3×3完全随机试验设计,选用1 080只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只,试验期为42 d。基础日粮为不额外添加铜、锌,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加12、24和36 mg/kg的蛋氨酸螯合铜（以铜元素计）和24、48和72 mg/kg的蛋氨酸螯合锌（以锌元素计）。结果显示：72 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合锌组肉鸭1～21日龄日增重显著高于添加48 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌组（P<0.05）;饲粮添加铜可显著提高肉鸭血清铜水平（P<0.05）;饲粮添加铜和锌对肉鸭血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）活性具有显著影响（P<0.05）。研究表明,饲粮以蛋氨酸螯合锌形式添加72 mg/kg锌可提高1～21日龄肉鸭日增重,以蛋氨酸螯合铜形式添加36 mg/kg铜可提高肉鸭血清SOD活性。     

Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs

In each of two experiments, 924 pigs (4.99 kg BW; 16 to 18 d of age) were assigned to 1 of 42 pens based on BW and gender. Pens were allotted randomly to dietary copper (Cu) treatments that consisted of control (10 ppm Cu as cupric sulfate, CuSO4 x 5H2O) and supplemental dietary Cu concentrations of 15, 31, 62, or 125 ppm as cupric citrate (CuCit), or 62 (Exp. 2 only), 125 (Exp. 1 only), or 250 ppm as CuSO4. Live animal performance was determined at the end of the 45-d nursery phase in each experiment. On d 40 of Exp. 2, blood and fecal samples were collected from two randomly selected pigs per pen for evaluation of plasma and fecal Cu concentrations and fecal odor characteristics. In Exp. 1, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were increased (P < 0.05), relative to controls, when pigs were fed diets containing 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Pigs fed diets containing 125 ppm Cu as CuCit had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared with pigs fed diets supplemented with 15 or 62 ppm Cu as CuCit. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F did not differ among pigs fed diets containing 125 and 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or 125 ppm Cu as CuCit. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets containing 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 had improved (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with controls. In addition, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were similar when pigs were fed diets containing either 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or 125 ppm Cu as CuCit. Pigs fed diets containing 62 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or CuCit had similar ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Plasma Cu concentrations were not affected by dietary Cu source or concentration, but fecal Cu concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) as the dietary concentration of Cu increased. Pigs consuming diets supplemented with 125 ppm Cu as CuCit had fecal Cu concentrations that were lower (P < 0.05) than pigs consuming diets supplemented with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Fecal Cu did not differ in pigs receiving diets supplemented with 62 ppm Cu as CuSO4 or CuCit. Odor characteristics of feces were not affected by Cu supplementation or source. These data indicate that 125 and 250 ppm Cu gave similar responses in growth, and that CuCit and CuSO4 were equally effective at stimulating growth and improving G:F in weanling pigs. Fecal Cu excretion was decreased when 125 ppm Cu as CuCit was fed compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Therefore, 125 ppm of dietary Cu, regardless of source, may provide an effective environmental alternative to 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 in weanling pigs.     

Effects of copper sulfate, tri-basic copper chloride, and zinc oxide on weanling pig performance

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary Cu and Zn on weanling pig performance. Diets were fed in 2 phases: phase 1 from d 0 to 14 postweaning and phase 2 from d 14 to 28 in Exp. 1 and 2 and d 14 to 42 in Exp. 3. The trace mineral premix, included in all diets, provided 165 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO(4) and 16.5 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4). In Exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Cu from tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC; 0 or 150 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0, 1,500, or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28). No Cu × Zn interactions were observed (P > 0.10). Adding TBCC or Zn increased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI during each phase. In Exp. 2, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 28) and Cu (control, 125 mg/kg of Cu from TBCC, or 125 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO(4)). No Cu × Zn interactions (P > 0.10) were observed for any performance data. Adding ZnO improved (P < 0.02) ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 14 and overall. From d 0 to 28, supplementing CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.02) ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and TBCC improved (P = 0.006) ADG. In Exp. 3, the 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of added Cu from CuSO(4) (0 or 125 mg/kg) and added Zn from ZnO (0 or 3,000 mg/kg from d 0 to 14 and 0 or 2,000 mg/kg from d 14 to 42). The final 2 treatments were feeding added ZnO alone or in combination with CuSO(4) from d 0 to 14 and adding CuSO(4) from d 14 to 42. Adding ZnO increased (P < 0.04) ADG, ADFI, and G:F from d 0 to 14 and ADG from d 0 to 42. Dietary CuSO(4) increased (P < 0.004) ADG and ADFI from d 14 to 42 and d 0 to 42. From d 28 to 42, a trend for a Cu × Zn interaction was observed (P = 0.06) for ADG. This interaction was reflective of the numeric decrease in ADG for pigs when Cu and Zn were used in combination compared with each used alone. Also, numerical advantages were observed when supplementing Zn from d 0 to 14 and Cu from d 14 to 42 compared with all other Cu and Zn regimens. These 3 experiments show the advantages of including both Cu and Zn in the diet for 28 d postweaning; however, as evident in Exp. 3, when 3,000 mg/kg of Zn was added early and 125 mg/kg of Cu was added late, performance was similar or numerically greater than when both were used for 42 d.     

饲料铜水平对生长猪部分生化指标的影响

使用硫酸铜作为铜源,在生长猪饲料中添加铜,对照组铜添加浓度为0mg/kg,试验各组铜添加浓度为100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg、250mg/kg和300mg/kg。试验开始时采血,之后每隔20d采血一次。测定有关血液生化指标。试验结果如下:试验组平均血清尿素氮(SUN)在20、40、60和80d时,分别降低10.3%、12.0%、9.7%和5.6%;60d时200mg/kg和250mg/kg铜组降幅分别达8.7%(P<0.01)和8.4%(P<0.05)。总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)试验组比对照组均有不同程度提高,TP在40、60和80d时分别提高5.4%、7.2%和3.2%;ALB在20、40、60和80d时分别提高14.6%、15.5%、16.9%和0.23%。甘油三脂(TG3)、胆固醇(CH)、采食量未见有显著性变化(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明:日粮铜水平对血液相关生化指标的影响随饲料铜浓度的差异呈现明显的阶段性差异,其差异的显著性与铜的促生长效应基本是一致的。     

Additivity of effects from dietary copper and zinc on growth performance and fecal microbiota of pigs after weaning

Four experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of pharmacological amounts of Zn from ZnO and Cu from organic (Cu-AA complex; Cu-AA) or inorganic (CuSO(4)) sources on growth performance of weanling pigs. The Cu was fed for 4 (Exp. 1) or 6 (Exp. 2, 3, and 4) wk after weaning, and Zn was fed for 4 (Exp. 1) or 2 (Exp. 2, 3, and 4) wk after weaning. Treatments were replicated with 7 pens of 5 or 6 pigs per pen (19.0 ± 1.4 d of age and 5.8 ± 0.4 kg of BW, Exp. 1), 12 pens of 21 pigs per pen (about 21 d of age and 5.3 kg of BW, Exp. 2), 5 pens of 4 pigs per pen (20.3 ± 0.5 d of age and 7.0 ± 0.5 kg of BW, Exp. 3), and 16 pens of 21 pigs per pen (about 21 d of age and 5.7 kg of BW, Exp. 4). In Exp. 1 and 2, Cu-AA (0 vs. 100 mg/kg of Cu) and ZnO (0 vs. 3,000 mg/kg of Zn) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Only Exp. 1 used in-feed antibiotic (165 mg of oxytetracycline and 116 mg of neomycin per kilogram feed), and Exp. 2 was conducted at a commercial farm. In Exp. 3, sources of Cu (none; CuSO(4) at 250 mg/kg of Cu; and Cu-AA at 100 mg/kg of Cu) and ZnO (0 vs. 3,000 mg/kg of Zn) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 4, treatments were no additional Cu, CuSO(4) at 315 mg/kg of Cu, or Cu-AA at 100 mg/kg of Cu to a diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg of Zn from ZnO and in-feed antibiotic (55 mg of carbadox per kilogram of feed). In Exp. 1 and 2, both Zn and Cu-AA improved (P < 0.001 to P = 0.03) ADG and ADFI. No interactions were observed, except in wk 1 of Exp. 2, where Zn increased the G:F only in the absence of Cu-AA (Cu-AA × Zn, P = 0.04). A naturally occurring colibacillosis diarrhea outbreak occurred during this experiment. The ZnO addition reduced (P < 0.001) the number of pigs removed and pig-days on antibiotic therapy. In Exp 3, ADFI in wk 2 was improved by Zn and Cu (P < 0.001 and P = 0.09, respectively) with no interactions. In wk 1, G:F was reduced by ZnO only in the absence of Cu (Cu × Zn, P = 0.03). Feeding Zn decreased fecal microbiota diversity in the presence of CuSO(4) but increased it in the presence of Cu-AA (Cu source × Zn, P = 0.06). In Exp. 4, Cu supplementation improved the overall ADG (P = 0.002) and G:F (P < 0.001). The CuSO(4) effect on G:F was greater (P < 0.001) than the Cu-AA effect. Our results indicate that pharmacological amounts of ZnO and Cu (Cu-AA or CuSO(4)) are additive in promoting growth of pigs after weaning.     

Copper proteinate in weanling pig diets for enhancing growth performance and reducing fecal copper excretion compared with copper sulfate

Two 28-d experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low dietary concentrations of Cu as Cu-proteinate compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 with growth performance, plasma Cu concentrations, and Cu balance of weanling swine as the criteria. In the production study (Exp. 1), 240 crossbred pigs that averaged 19.8 d of age and 6.31 kg BW initially were group-fed (two or three pigs per pen) the basal diets (Phase 1: d 0 to 14 and Phase 2: d 14 to 28) supplemented with 0 (control), 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 (as-fed basis). The basal diets contained 16.5 ppm Cu supplied as CuSO4 before supplementation with Cu-proteinate or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. There were quadratic responses (P < or = 0.05) in ADFI and ADG for wk 1, Phases 1 and 2, and overall because ADFI was higher for pigs fed 25 or 50 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, and ADG increased with increasing Cu-proteinate up to 50 ppm Cu. The Cu-proteinate treatment groups combined had a higher (P < or = 0.05) Phase 2 and overall ADFI and ADG than the CuSO4 group. In the mineral balance study (Exp. 2), 20 crossbred barrows that averaged 35 d of age and 11.2 kg/BW initially were placed in individual metabolism pens with total urine and fecal grab sample collections on d 22 to 26. Treatments were the basal Phase 2 diet supplemented with 0, 50, or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate, or 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4 (as-fed basis). Treatments did not differ in growth performance criteria. There were linear increases (P < 0.001) in Cu absorption, retention, and excretion (milligrams per day) with increasing Cu-proteinate. Pigs fed 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate absorbed and retained more Cu and excreted less Cu (mg/d, P < or = 0.003) than pigs fed 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. Plasma Cu concentrations increased linearly (P = 0.06) with increasing Cu-proteinate. In conclusion, weanling pig growth performance was increased by 50 or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate in our production Exp. 1, but not in our balance Exp. 2, compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4. However, 50 or 100 ppm Cu as Cu-proteinate increased Cu absorption and retention, and decreased Cu excretion 77 and 61%, respectively, compared with 250 ppm Cu as CuSO4.     

Growth response, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers fed on diets supplemented with organic and inorganic dietary copper sources

1. A 56-d experiment was conducted to study the comparative influence of organic and inorganic dietary copper (Cu) sources on growth, blood characteristics and copper accumulation in organs of broilers. 2. A total of 480 Arbor-Acre unsexed broilers were fed on diets containing copper sulphate (CuSO(4)) or copper proteinate (Cu Pro) at concentrations of 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of Cu supplementation. The birds were given a broiler starter diet from 1-28 d and a broiler finisher diet from 29-56 d which contained 30·8 mg/kg and 41·1 mg/kg basal copper concentration respectively. Growth performance, blood characteristics and Cu accumulation in organs of the broilers were measured. 3. At 28 d, Cu Pro-fed birds had improved feed conversion ratio compared with CuSO(4). At 56 d, birds fed on Cu Pro diets had significantly greater body weight than CuSO(4)-fed birds. Birds fed on CuSO(4) supplemented diets had significantly better feed conversion efficiency. Feed consumptions for the two Cu sources were not significantly different. At no stage did the concentration of added Cu affect the productive traits measured. 4. Cu Pro supplementation increased haemoglobin concentration but reduced plasma triglyceride and plasma cholesterol. Plasma cholesterol decreased as Cu concentration increased. 5. There was a greater accumulation of Cu in the blood, heart, lung, liver and bone of broilers fed on Cu Pro than in those receiving CuSO(4). The liver Cu concentration increased as dietary Cu concentration increased. 6. Cu Pro was more effective in promoting growth and reducing blood cholesterol, and was more bio-available in the organs of broilers.     

不同形态的铜对猪生长性能及血清GH、血浆NPY水平的影响

将75头体质量约20kg的“军牧1号”白猪，分成A、B、C、D、E组。A组为对照组，饲以基础日粮，B、C2组分别饲以添加122．5、250mg／kg铜(硫酸铜)的日粮；D、E2组分别饲以添加122．5、250mg／kg蛋氨酸铜的日粮，观测不同形态的铜对仔猪生长性能以及血液GH、血浆NPY水平的影响。结果显示：日粮中添加2种铜均能促进仔猪的生长，提高饲料利用率，升高血液中GH和血浆NPY水平，但对采食量没有显著影响，2种铜源在相同浓度下对猪的促生长性能无差异。     

铜的不同添加量对肉鸭生长的影响

将１８０只１４日龄樱桃谷鸭随机分成３组,每组３个重复,在含酮７．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ（测定值）的基础日粮中分别添加１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,９５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的铜,进行２１ｄ的饲养试验。结果,随着日粮中铜水平的提高,肉鸭的日增重有增加趋势,日采食量不受影响,饲料转化率略有下降。     

不同铜源和水平对生长猪组织铜含量和含铜酶的影响

选用54头体重约17 kg杜长大生长猪进行试验,研究日粮中添加不同铜源、不同水平铜对猪血液生化指标及组织铜沉积的影响。试验猪随机分为9个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复2头。各处理日粮分别为基础日粮添加以氨基酸铜（Cu-AA）、硫酸铜(CuSO4)和碱式氯化铜(TBCC)为铜源的铜10、150和250 mg/kg的日粮。研究结果表明：添加不同铜源、不同剂量铜,猪日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P＞0.05);肝、肾铜含量随铜添加水平的升高而显著升高(P＜0.01),在心肌铜含量方面,添加250 mg/kg铜水平显著高于添加10和150 mg/kg铜水平(P＜0.01); 高剂量铜可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白活性(P＜0.01),添加150 mg/kg铜可显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性(P＜0.05);硫酸铜源可显著降低肌肉铜含量(P＜0.01),氨基酸铜源可显著提高血清铜兰蛋白活性(P＜0.01)。     

饲粮铜水平对冬毛期雌性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及毛皮品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铜水平对冬毛期雌性蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及毛皮品质的影响。试验选取115日龄左右的健康雌性蓝狐50只,随机分成5组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。以五水硫酸铜(Cu SO_4·5H_2O)为铜源,在基础饲粮中分别添加0、12.22、32.22、72.22、152.22 mg/kg的铜配成5种试验饲粮,5种试验饲粮铜水平分别为7.78(Ⅰ组,作为对照组)、20(Ⅱ组)、40(Ⅲ组)、80(Ⅳ组)、160 mg/kg(Ⅴ组)。预试期为7 d,正试期为60 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组蓝狐的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05);各组蓝狐的终末体重及平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。2)各组蓝狐的干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率及氮沉积差异不显著(P0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蓝狐的脂肪消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(P0.05);铜排出量随着饲粮铜水平的升高极显著的增加(P0.01)。3)Ⅴ组蓝狐血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅴ组蓝狐血清尿素氮含量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05);各组蓝狐血清铜蓝蛋白活性差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅳ组蓝狐血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组及Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P0.05)。4)Ⅴ组蓝狐肝脏铜含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清铜、锌、铁含量各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。5)饲粮铜水平并未显著影响蓝狐的体长和干皮长(P0.05);Ⅲ和Ⅴ组蓝狐针毛长和绒毛长显著大于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅴ组蓝狐皮张颜色显著深于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲粮中添加32.22 mg/kg铜即铜水平为40.00 mg/kg时,冬毛期雌性蓝狐可获得较好的生长性能、营养物质消化率及毛皮品质,同时铜的排放量较低。