美系大白猪雌激素受体基因多态性与繁殖性状的相关分析

研究将ESR基因作为母猪繁殖性状候选基因,进行多态性检测和相关分析,旨在为大白猪的分子标记辅助选择提供依据。试验采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了451头美系大白母猪ESR基因的多态性,以及多态性与总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重间的相关性,并分析ESR基因对繁殖性状的效应。结果表明:ESR基因在该美系大白猪中分布处于哈德-温伯格不平衡状态。在头胎中,AA型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重分别为10.47头、9.90头和13.79 kg,均高于BB型个体的9.78头(P0.01)、9.01头(P0.05)和12.41 kg(P0.05);AA型个体的3个性状均高于AB型,但均差异不显著(P0.05);AB型个体的总产仔数和初生窝重分别为10.32头和13.45 kg,均显著高于BB型个体(P0.05),AB型个体产活仔数为9.60头,高于BB型,但差异不显著(P0.05)。经产(2~5胎)AA型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重分别为11.55头、11.03头和16.53 kg,均高于AB型个体的11.07头(P0.05)、10.44头(P0.01)、15.67 kg(P0.05),且极显著高于BB型个体(10.82头、10.02头和15.17 kg)。ESR基因的A等位基因对繁殖性状均具有正的加性效应。ESR基因AA型在美系大白猪中为有利基因型,A等位基因为有利等位基因。该位点可用于美系大白猪的育种中,在种猪选育时提高ESR基因的A等位基因频率可以提高产仔数和初生窝重。     

大白猪OPN与FSH-β基因多态性对其繁殖性能的影响

为探讨OPN和FSH-β基因多态性与大白母猪繁殖性状的相关性,研究采用了PCR和琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术对1 011头大白猪群体中OPN和FSH-β基因的多态性进行检测,并对不同基因型的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、木乃伊胎、死胎、窝重等繁殖性状进行了关联性分析。分析结果表明,经产母猪中OPN基因AB型个体的总产仔数和健仔数显著比AA型个体少0.35头/胎和0.23头/胎(P 0.05);经产母猪FSH-β基因AB型的总产仔数显著高于BB型0.2头/胎(P 0.05)。在初生窝重性状上AB基因型显著高于AA基因型0.54 kg/胎(P 0.05);经产母猪中合并基因型BBAA型的总产仔数比ABBB型多0.45头/胎。大白猪OPN-FSHβ合并基因型中最优分子标记组合为BBAA,OPN和FSH-β基因对大白猪的繁殖性状有一定的影响。     

苏太猪ESR基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关联分析

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法对苏太猪的ESR基因PvuⅡ位点多态性进行检测,并分析其与繁殖性能间的关系。结果表明,ESR基因的3种基因型AA、AB、BB在苏太猪中的频率分别为0.089、0.570、0.341;其中在初产母猪中,AA基因型个体的产活仔数(NBA)和初生窝重(BLW)显著高于AB、BB基因型的个体(P0.05);在经产母猪中,AA基因型个体的总产仔数(TNB)及断奶成活数(NW)显著高于AB和BB基因型的个体(P0.05),AA和AB基因型与BB基因型之间的断奶窝重(WWL)差异显著(P0.05);总体上苏太猪ESR基因PvuⅡ3种基因型个体的繁殖性状存在AAABBB的趋势。     

大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪催乳素受体基因多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

本试验通过PCR-RFLP技术对大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪的催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因第10外显子AluⅠ酶切位点进行多态性分析,并对各基因型母猪的第1至第3胎次产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重、21日龄窝重及断奶成活率进行测定,进而分析PRLR基因多态性与繁殖性能的关系。结果表明,PRLR基因在3个品种中均存在多态位点,且AA基因型都是其优势基因型。关联分析结果表明,大白猪AA基因型个体第1、2和3胎各繁殖性状均呈现出高于AB和BB基因型的趋势。在繁殖性能已经稳定的第3胎次AA基因型个体产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及断奶成活率比BB基因型个体平均分别高出0.31头、0.63头、0.02头、0.65 kg和0.43%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

大白猪ESR基因多态性与繁殖性状的相关性研究

猪产仔数是重要的经济性状,提高产仔数可以增加猪肉的产量,为养猪业带来巨大的经济效益。该研究以美系大白猪(633头)和法系大白猪(963头)为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术对ESR基因的多态性进行检测,并进行关联分析。研究结果表明:在美系和法系大白猪中均检测到ESR基因存在3种基因型(AA、AB和BB基因型);在美系和法系大白猪中,初产和经产母猪ESR基因BB基因型个体的总产仔数、健仔数和初生窝重均显著高于AB基因型和AA基因型个体(P0.05)。综合来看,ESR基因变异对美系和法系大白母猪的产仔数和初生窝重具有显著的遗传效应,可以应用于大白母猪产仔数的标记辅助选择。     

FSHβ、 ESR 和 PRLR 基因多态性与淮猪新品系产仔数相关性分析

基于FSHβ、ESR和PRLR基因功能位点的报道,将3个基因作为母猪产仔数性状的候选基因进行多态性检测与关联分析,旨在为猪繁殖性状分子遗传标记提供参考。本研究采用PCR-RFLP技术检测了淮猪新品系母猪FSHβ、ESR和PRLR基因的多态性及其对初产仔数的影响,并分析了多基因合并基因型对初产仔数的聚合效应。结果表明,FSHβ基因在该猪群中分布处于哈德-温伯格不平衡状态,ESR和PRLR基因分布处于哈德-温伯格平衡状态;FSHβ、ESR和PRLR基因的A等位基因对繁殖性状均具有正的加性效应;FSHβ、ESR基因的AA基因型为该猪群的优良基因型,两基因的AA型个体比BB型个体分别提高产仔数1.54（P＞0.05）和2.13头（P＜0.01）,分别提高产活仔数1.55（P＞0.05）和1.82头（P＜0.01）;PRLR基因AB型个体产仔数比AA型和BB型个体分别提高0.77（P＜0.05）和1.59头（P＜0.05）,产活仔数分别提高0.65（P＜0.05）和1.8头（P＜0.01）;合并基因型与产仔数的关系表明,以FSHβ、ESR和PRLR基因AAAABB型的总产仔数最高（14.5头）。在种猪选育时提高FSHβ、ESR的A等位基因频率以提高产仔数,PRLR基因是否能应用于淮猪新品系选育中,仍需进一步研究。     

ESR与NCOA1基因多态性对大白猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究ESR与NCOA1基因多态性对大白猪产仔数的影响。试验采用PCR-RFLP技术检测基因多态性,并分析基因型与母猪的产仔数的关系。结果两个基因都检测到了3种基因型。分析发现经产母猪中ESR基因BB型个体的健仔数比AA型个体多0.31头,经产母猪NCOA1基因AB型个体的死胎比AA型多0.10头。经产母猪中合并基因型AAAB型的活仔数和健仔数比AAAA型多0.49和0.48头;而ABAA型个体的活仔数和健仔数比AAAA型多0.27和0.14头。结果表明,ESR和NCOA1基因对大白猪的繁殖性状有一定的影响。     

长白猪和大白猪生长激素基因多态性及其对部分经济性状的影响

本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法检测长白猪和大白猪GH基因+146~+652 bp序列Apa I酶切位点的多态性,并进一步分析该多态位点对达100 kg日龄、眼肌厚、背膘厚及第1~4胎次繁殖性能等部分经济性状的影响。结果表明:长白猪和大白猪GH基因+146~+652 bp序列Apa I酶切位点均检测到AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,2个群体在此位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。在长白猪中,AA基因型个体的背膘厚显著高于AB和BB基因型个体(P0.05),第1~4胎次总产仔数和产活仔数总体上符合ABBBAA的趋势;在大白猪中,AA基因型个体的眼肌厚显著低于AB和BB基因型个体(P0.05),第1~4胎次总产仔数和产活仔数总体上符合BBABAA的趋势。本研究结果初步说明,AB、BB基因型个体具有较高的瘦肉率和繁殖性能,对所检测的部分经济性状而言,AA基因型为不利基因型。     

RBP4基因型与母猪繁殖性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)基因多态性(SNP)及其与母猪繁殖性状间的相关性。选取400头母猪(大白猪×长白猪)为研究对象,利用PCR-PFLP技术检测RBP4基因多态性,计算基因型频率,以及RBP4基因与母猪主要繁殖性状间的关联性。结果表明,AB基因型为优势基因型,该群体未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡;AA基因型产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数显著或极显著高于AB、BB基因型(P0.05;P0.01),各基因型间木乃伊胎数、流产数均无显著差异(P0.05),但AA基因型与产死胎数呈显著负效应(P0.05),从而间接增加了窝产仔数。综合结果分析,RBP4基因AA基因型有利于增加母猪窝产仔数,对猪的繁殖性能存在影响,可作为潜在的分子标记辅助选择,为猪的分子育种提供参考。     

ESR和FSH-β基因多态性对大白猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨雌激素受体基因(ESR)和卵泡刺激素β亚基基因(FSH-β)的多态性对大白猪繁殖性状的影响,本文采用PCR和PCR-RFLP技术检测大白母猪群的ESR和FSH-β基因多态性,并分析其对大白母猪总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数、死胎、木乃伊数和初生窝重等性状的影响。结果表明:ESR和FSH-β基因的优势基因均为B等位基因;对于初产母猪,ESR和FSH-β基因BB型比AA型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上高0.06~1.14头(P0.05);对于经产母猪,ESR基因BB型比AA型总活仔数、健仔数分别高0.12头和0.07头(P0.05),FSH-β基因在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上AA型高于BB型0.04~0.24头(P0.05);合并基因型分析发现ESR和FSH-β基因的有利合并基因型在初产母猪为ABAA,经产母猪为BBAA;BBAA合并基因型在总产仔数、总活仔数、健仔数性状上分别显著高于AAAA合并基因型2.03、1.75、1.65头(P0.05)。因此,ESR和FSH-β基因多态性与大白猪繁殖性状相关。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.