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猪-沼-桑(蚕)农业生态模式的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
猪-沼-桑(蚕)农业生态模式,是以养猪、养蚕为主,猪粪和蚕沙(粪)经过沼气池厌氧发酵处理,产出沼肥和沼气;沼肥用来培桑养蚕,沼气照明、加温养蚕,从而形成相互促进良性循环的生态产业链.近年来,全南在利用沼肥培桑养蚕中取得较好的效益. 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(12):34-38
试验选用480只210日龄罗曼褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,4个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加3%、6%、9%和12%的桑叶粉,试验期56d。结果表明:与对照组相比,4个试验组的血清丙二醛、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、补体C3和补体C4含量均无显著差异著(P005);试验组Ⅱ极显著地提高了血清总抗氧化能力含量(P001);试验组Ⅳ血清超氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白G、肿瘤坏死因子显著提高(P005);试验组血清免疫球蛋白A、白细胞介素-1显著或极显著提高(P005);除试验组Ⅰ,其余各组血清免疫球蛋白M含量极显著提高(P001);试验组Ⅱ和试验组Ⅲ血清的白细胞介素-6含量均有极显著增高(P001),试验组Ⅳ的白细胞介素-6含量有提高,但差异不显著(P005)。血清超氧化物歧化酶、3种免疫球蛋白和2种白细胞介素含量均呈现随添加量增加而增高的趋势。综上所述,桑叶粉在蛋鸡养殖中具有增强免疫力、提高抗氧化能力等作用,建议桑叶粉合理添加量为3%~6%。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2016,(17)
试验旨在研究不同水平刺五加多糖(ASPS)对蛋雏鸡生长性能及血清免疫指标的影响。选用400只健康及体质量相近的1日龄海兰褐蛋雏鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每重复25只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加010%、020%和040%ASPS的饲粮,试验期56 d。结果表明:在生长性能上,Ⅱ组较对照组28和56 d的体质量和1~28 d的平均日增质量分别显著提高709%、408%和859%(P005),1~28、28~56和1~56 d的料重比较对照组分别显著降低698%(P005)及475%(P005)和极显著降低421%(P001),Ⅲ和Ⅳ组较对照组差异均不显著(P005)。在血清指标上,鸡只血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)的含量Ⅱ和Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组提高12278%和13526%,差异极显著(P001),Ⅳ与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P005);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量较Ⅰ组分别提高1128%、2638%、616%及6633%、7981%和1981%,均差异极显著(P001)。由此可见,饲粮中添加一定量的ASPS可显著提高蛋雏鸡的生长性能和血清免疫指标,其ASPS的适宜添加量为010%。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(10):33-39
研究了超微粉碎(平均几何粒径50μm)与添加复合外源酶制剂(内含植酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和阿魏酸酯酶)2种处理对生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中矿物质和氨基酸消化率的影响。选择4头平均体重为45 kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交去势公猪,在其回肠末端安装T-瘘管,饲喂按照2×2因子设计的4种试验饲粮(脱脂米糠基础饲粮(平均几何粒径450μm)、超微粉碎脱脂米糠饲粮、脱脂米糠加酶饲粮和超微粉碎脱脂米糠加酶饲粮),采用4×4拉丁方试验安排进行消化试验。结果表明:(1)超微粉碎显著提高了Cu的回肠表观消化率(AID)和Mg的全消化道表观消化率(ATTD)(P005),对其他矿物质消化率无影响;添加复合外源酶制剂显著提高了Ca、Zn、总磷的AID(P005),显著提高了Ca、Mg、Zn、植酸磷(P005)以及总磷(P001)的ATTD;超微粉碎与添加复合外源酶制剂结合使用极显著提高了Ca、Zn以及总磷的AID(P001),显著提高了Mg、Zn的ATTD(P005),极显著提高了Ca、总磷、植酸磷的ATTD(P001)。(2)超微粉碎、添加复合外源酶制剂以及二者互作对必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸和粗蛋白(CP)的AID均无显著影响(P005),但使CP的AID分别提高了163%,320%,382%(P005),ATTD分别提高433%,498%,415%(P005),对粗蛋白ATTD的改善效果优于AID。结论:超微粉碎处理对生长猪脱脂米糠饲粮中大多数矿物元素和主要氨基酸的AID和ATTD无显著影响;添加复合外源酶制剂处理则能显著提高脱脂米糠多种矿物元素的AID和ATTD,改善CP的AID,但对氨基酸的AID无显著影响;超微粉碎与添加外源酶制剂对脱脂米糠饲粮多种矿物元素以及CP的AID和ATTD的改善表现出明显的协同效果。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医杂志》2016,(3)
分别于2012年3-12月和2014年3-12月,在张掖市甘州区金园种猪场对沼气工程技术的建设运行、经济收入及应用沼气工程技术前、后猪舍环境中的有害气体浓度和猪生产性能、生长发育情况进行了调查和试验测定。其结果:沼气工程总投资414.29万元,应用沼气工程技术年可处理粪尿及污水1.68万t,沼气、沼渣、沼液年收入110.64万元,除去年运行成本46.82万元,净收入63.82万元;投资内部收益率15.41%,静态回收期6.49年。通过应用沼气工程技术,妊娠、分娩、保育和育肥各环节猪舍中氨气分别显著下降了14.51%、11.66%、16.37%、13.83%(P0.05),硫化氢气体分别显著下降了23.52%、24.07%、27.47%、26.495%(P0.05),二氧化碳气体分别显著下降了12.5%、18.18%、16.67%、14.29%(P0.05);生产母猪的妊娠率提高了0.97%,均产活仔数提高了2.15%,新生仔猪均初生重提高了6.08%(P0.05),28日龄断奶成活率提高了1.34%,断奶均增重提高了0.82%;保育仔猪60日龄成活率提高了1.12%,保育期均增重提高了7.92%(P0.05);育肥猪在育肥期均增重提高了1.28%,料肉比降低了3.59%。 相似文献
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试验随机选取320头体重相近(59.78±1.38kg)DLY育肥猪,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每重复8头猪。基础饲粮按60~90kg营养需求结合夏季高温实际生产情况配制。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;处理组1采取96%基础饲粮+4%车前草(按风干量计,下同)饲喂方式;处理组2采取92%基础饲粮+8%车前草饲喂方式;处理组3采取88%基础饲粮+12%车前草饲喂方式。正式试验期50天。结果显示,在夏季高温条件下,猪育肥期增重以添加8%车前草组效果最高,与4%和12%车前草组相比显著和极显著增加5.95%(P0.05)、11.06%(P0.01),极显著高于对照组12.53%(P0.01);8%车前草组的采食量水平显著高于其他组(P0.05),比对照组显著提高8.66%(P0.05);8%车前草组的料重比最低,饲料转化率最佳,极显著低于对照组和12%车前草组3.44%(P0.01)和2.83%(P0.01),显著低于4%车前草组1.28%(P0.05)。本试验表明在夏季高温情况下,猪育肥阶段添加鲜绿车前草替代基础饲粮比例达到8%,猪的采食量、料重比和增重性能显著或极显著得到改善,综合经济效益最好。 相似文献
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研究使用生物活菌除臭剂对36周龄产蛋鸡舍进行喷洒,测定喷洒前后鸡舍内有害气体、粉尘及气载微生物的浓度,研究除臭剂对鸡舍内环境的影响,并在实验室条件下检测除臭剂处理前后鸡粪中氨气和硫化氢的释放量,验证其对鸡粪的除臭效果。结果显示,鸡舍内喷洒除臭剂后NH3、H2S、CO2和粉尘浓度均较喷洒前有显著下降,分别降低4112%(P005)、5456%(P001)、3194%(P001)和3159%(P001);气载微生物数量也有明显变化,沙门菌、大肠杆菌和好氧总菌数量分别下降7778%(P001)、6111%(P001)和36%(P005),乳酸菌和酵母菌数量分别上升1184%(P005)和1765%(P005)。验证实验证实,该除臭剂对鸡粪确实具有显著除臭效果。本研究表明,在蛋鸡舍内喷洒生物活菌除臭剂后,能够有效减少有害气体和粉尘浓度,增加有益气载微生物数量,减少有害气载微生物数量,提高蛋鸡舍内空气环境质量。 相似文献
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规模化猪场粪污处理工程模式与技术定位 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
我国的环境污染令人触目惊心、已达超过环境承载能力极限的地步。在一年多高猪价和高补贴的刺激下,养猪工厂如雨后春笋般在各地大干快上,而且多是万头、几万头、几十万头规模,毫无疑问,一大批污染源巨无霸即将陆续诞生。为此,我们特约农业部沼气研究所邓良伟研究员撰写猪场粪污处理工程模式与技术定位专稿,他介绍了"沼气(厌氧)-还田模式"、"沼气(厌氧)-自然处理模式"和"沼气(厌氧)-好氧处理模式"3种常用模式的适用条件、优缺点及投资与运营成本,供养猪工厂设计粪污处理方案时参考。养猪工厂规模越大,粪污处理和防疫难度越大。也不能指望沼气工程就可完全解决污染难题。因此,我们主张养猪"不要集中"而是"要分散",即养猪工厂一是要控制适度规模,二是只繁仔猪、不搞"自繁自育",把保育猪以合同制适度分散到签约场户育成商品猪回收。如此可有7成以上的粪污被分散做肥料还田,减少粪污处理量和防疫难度,还能节省投资及运营费用。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。 相似文献
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