广东省东莞市屠宰场猪群猪链球菌2型感染及环境污染状况调查

为了解屠宰环节猪群猪链球菌2型感染及环境污染情况,评估屠宰环节猪链球菌2型传播风险,在广东省东莞市所有的10个生猪屠宰场采集570份猪扁桃体、1 200份环境拭子样品,以及120份猪胴体和120份猪内脏表面拭子样品,采用荧光PCR方法进行猪链球菌2型核酸检测。结果显示:猪扁桃体样品的猪链球菌2型阳性率为0.88%;屠宰环境拭子样品的阳性率为3.17%,其中待宰区为3.50%,屠宰区为8.50%,分割区为4.00%,屠宰工具为3.00%;在车间出入口的猪胴体和猪内脏表面拭子样品中检出猪链球菌2型阳性,其中猪胴体阳性率为0.83%,猪内脏阳性率为4.17%。结果表明,东莞市屠宰场猪群中存在猪链球菌2型感染,猪群携带的病原对屠宰加工环境以及屠宰加工产品可造成不同程度的污染。因而屠宰场存在传播猪链球菌2型的风险,需要加强对屠宰场环境及屠宰用具的清洗消毒以及相关职业人群的自身防护教育。     

广东地区猪群中猪链球菌流行病学调查分析

为对猪链球菌(SS)病的防控提供参考依据,本研究对广东地区养殖场健康猪群采集的455份样品,屠宰场采集的243份样品和疑似SS发病猪群采集的228份样品进行了SS携带情况统计分析。结果显示,健康猪群、屠宰场屠宰猪群及发病猪群SS的阳性率分别为42.20%(192/455)、32.10%(78/243)及82.02%(187/228)。血清型定型结果显示,健康猪群共检测到17个血清型,主要以2型和29型为主,分别占18.83%(29/154)和14.94%(23/154),其次为16型,占6.50%(10/154),未定型菌株占31.82%;发病猪群共检测到11个血清型,主要以2型(16.58%)、3型(9.63%)和7型(6.95%)为主,其次为9型(5.34%),未定型菌株占48.66%。对比发现健康猪群和发病猪群携带SS的血清型有所差异,可为临床SS病的预防防控提供参考依据。     

广州周边地区健康猪群猪链球菌携带情况调查

为了解广州周边地区健康猪群猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)的携带情况,本研究于2014-2015年在广州周边地区共采集488份屠宰猪群扁桃体样品和健康猪群鼻拭子样品,SS分离鉴定发现有165份样品为SS 16S rRNA阳性,共分离到68株SS菌株,对所分离的菌株进行血清型分型和3个常用毒力标记基因mrp,epf,sly的检测分析。结果显示:所采集样品SS的阳性率为33.81%(165/488),其中哺乳仔猪的鼻拭子样品的携带率最高68%(34/50),母猪次之为49.15%(29/59);对分离的68株SS进行血清型定型,定型率为73.52%(50/68),主要分布于16型,2型(1/2型),29型等16个血清型中;毒力基因在本批菌株中分布较少。本研究为监控广州周边地区SS的流行情况提供了试验参考数据。     

广东地区健康猪群和发病猪群猪链球菌流行病学调查分析

为了解广东地区猪群中猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis,SS）的流行情况,本研究对在广东地区养殖场采集的228份发病猪群样品及698份健康猪群样品（包括455份鼻拭子样品及243份屠宰场扁桃体样品）进行了SS携带情况的统计分析。结果显示,发病猪群SS的阳性率为82.02%（187/228）,健康猪群的SS阳性率为42.20%（192/455）,其中屠宰场屠宰猪群的SS阳性率为32.10%（78/243）。将从发病猪群分离到的187株SS及健康猪群（含养猪场和屠宰场）分离得到的154株SS进行血清型定型分析,结果显示,发病猪群共检测到11个血清型,包括SS1、SS2、SS3、SS4、SS7、SS8、SS9、SS16、SS19、SS29和SS31型,主要以SS2、SS3和SS19型为主,分别占16.58%、9.63%和7.49%;其次为SS7型（6.95%）和SS9型（5.34%）,未定型菌株占48.66%;健康猪群共检测到17个血清型,包括SS2、SS3、SS4、SS5、SS7、SS8、SS9、SS10、SS12、SS15、SS16、SS17、SS19、SS21、SS23、SS29和SS30型,主要以血清型SS2和SS29型为主,分别占18.83%和14.94%,其次为SS16型（6.50%）,未定型菌株占31.82%。     

猪链球菌种与9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为了建立猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)种与9型猪链球菌(SS9)的快速诊断方法,本研究根据GenBank已登录的SS种特异性基因gdh和SS9型特异性基因CPS9H设计引物,以标准SS9株基因组DNA为模板,建立了SS种和SS9的二重PCR检测方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验;利用所建立的方法对检测疑似猪链球菌感染猪临床样品,并与常规细菌分离鉴定方法进行了比对。结果表明成功建立SS种和SS9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法,该方法的检测灵敏度可达100个CFU,特异性和重复性好;利用该方法对34份临床分离自疑似猪链球菌感染样品的细菌培养物进行了应用检测试验,其中有11份样品为gdh阳性,11份gdh阳性样品中有3份样品同时为SS9阳性。本研究成功建立了SS种与SS9型猪链球菌二重PCR检测方法,可用于猪链球菌种和SS9型猪链球菌的快速诊断。     

2015年华中地区猪链球菌2型感染的血清学调查

监测华中地区22个未免疫猪链球菌疫苗猪场2015年不同月份、不同猪群的猪链球菌2型(SS2)抗体水平,以期揭示SS2的感染流行情况。共收集923份血清样品,结果 442份为SS2抗体阳性,阳性率为4789%,表明SS2在华中地区感染普遍存在;统计分析发现不同月份感染阳性率差别较大,其中6~9月份最高,说明该病与季节有一定的关系,在夏季尤其应该注意该病的防控;不同阶段猪群统计结果表明保育猪阳性率最低,更应做好保育猪的SS2免疫防控工作。     

湖南省猪链球菌2型病流行情况调查

应用酶联免疫吸附法(EUSA)和细菌分离鉴定,对湖南省9个市33个猪场的631份血清样品和126份病死猪内脏组织样品进行猪链球菌2型病血清学调查和细菌分离鉴定,结果血清中猪链球菌2型的抗体阳性率为48.0%;所调查的9个市均有不同程度感染猪链球菌的猪场,场阳性率为84.8%;不同日龄猪群阳性率分别为种猪65.2%、肥猪51.3%、中猪39.8%、小猪25.2%;健康猪群与发病猪群抗体阳性率分别为41.8%和58.5%.分离出的12株猪链球菌2型分布在7个市的10个猪场,说明湖南省猪链球菌2型流行面广.     

东莞市屠宰厂环境及屠宰猪体内溶血性链球菌的分离与鉴定

为了解东莞市屠宰厂场地及屠宰猪的链球菌污染情况,从东莞市各镇街屠宰厂采集猪扁桃体样品共320份,污水水样共96份,环境空气样品共160份,屠宰用具、工作台、地板等涂抹拭子共96份,进行溶血性链球菌的分离与鉴定。结果共分离出溶血性链球菌276株,检出率为41.1%。其中停乳链球菌96株,阳性率14.3%;豕链球菌13株,阳性率1.9%;犬链球菌5株,阳性率0.7%;无乳链球菌13株,阳性率1.9%;猪链球菌1型43株,阳性率6.4%;猪链球菌2型106株,阳性率15.8%。扁桃体中溶血性链球菌的阳性率最高,为67.8%;其次是污水和器具的链球菌含量,为22.9%;而空气中溶血性链球菌的含量最低,为9.4%。结果表明东莞市屠宰猪及屠宰厂环境、污水中溶血性链球菌污染率较高,应当引起监管部门的重视。     

屠宰生猪肺脏健康状况评估及主要病原的检测

肺部感染引发的不同程度的肺脏病变在屠宰生猪的宰后检验中常有发现。本试验对某规模化生猪养殖企业屠宰生猪连续10周采集肺脏,每次取约300份肺脏,共3 000份肺脏进行健康评价,并每次选择8份病变肺脏(共80份)进行猪呼吸道疾病常见病原的核酸检测,通过分析可能引起屠宰生猪肺部感染的病原,以期为生猪的疾病防控、动物产品安全评估提供基础资料和参考。结果显示,3 000份肺脏中评估为健康的有1 822份,占60.7%(1 822/3 000);病变肺脏有1 178份,占39.3%(1 178/3 000);病变类型主要为炎症、肉变。80份病变肺脏中猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸阳性有16份,副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)阳性有39份,猪链球菌(SS)阳性有36份,猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)阳性有4份;PCV2与Mhp、HPS、SS混合阳性率分别占到PCV2阳性数量的12.5%、56.25%、81.25%;未检测到猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪流感病毒(SIV)、巴氏杆菌(Pm)和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)等病原。本次评估结果表明,屠宰生猪肺脏病变比例较高,引起肺脏发生病变的呼吸道病原主要为HPS、SS、Mhp和PCV2,且以和PCV2的混合感染居多。     

江苏省某猪场猪链球菌分离鉴定及致病特性分析

为了探明2018年3月江苏省某规模化猪场发病猪的病原,本研究对发病猪进行采样和细菌分离,并对细菌进行了PCR鉴定、多位点序列分型(MLST)及小鼠致病力分析。结果发现:在该场4份发病猪组织中分离到猪链球菌2型(SS2)、猪链球菌9型(SS9)菌株各2株,MLST分析显示分离的SS2菌株属于ST7,SS9菌株属于ST243,SS2、SS9分离菌株的毒力基因表现型分别为mrp^+epf^+sly^+orf2^+sao^+fbps^+gdh^+和mrp^-epf^-sly^-orf2^+sao^-fbps^+gdh^+。动物试验显示其中3株猪链球菌分离菌株对BALB/c小鼠有较强致病力。研究结果为该养殖场猪链球菌感染防控措施的制定提供了重要参考。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。