鱼用基因疫苗的研究进展

DNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗。本文主要对鱼用DNA疫苗的构建、作用机制、使用方法、使用效果及安全问题等方面研究近况作一综述,以促进我国对鱼用DNA疫苗进一步的研究和应用,为深入研究和掌握鱼类的免疫防御机制提供一些理论依据。     

DNA疫苗在鱼类中的应用研究进展

DNA疫苗是继减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和重组多肽疫苗之后的又一新型疫苗,比其它疫苗高效、安全且易于大量生产。本文主要对鱼用DNA疫苗的构建、作用机制、使用方法、使用效果及安全问题等方面研究近况作一综述,以促进我国对鱼用DNA疫苗进一步的研究和应用,从而加速我国水产养殖业的发展,并为深入研究和掌握鱼类的免疫防御机制提供一些依据。     

鱼类的DNA疫苗

DNA疫苗是继减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和重组多肽疫苗之后的又一新型疫苗，比其他疫苗高效、安全且易于大量生产。本文主要对鱼用DNA疫苗的构建、作用机制、使用方法、使用效果及安全问题等方面研究近况作一综述，以促进我国对鱼用DNA疫苗进一步的研究和应用，从而加速我国水产养殖业的发展，并为深入研究和掌握鱼类的免疫防御机制提供一些依据。     

鱼病与免疫预防

鱼用疫苗的研究历史与现状迄今为止的鱼病对策主要是从对鱼群的卫生管理、改良其遗传特性以及药物治疗等方面进行的。然而,抗生素等化学药物的高频度使用,已出现了环境污染以及鱼体内药物残留和病原体产生抗药性等问题。因此,更增加了以疫苗为主的卫生防疫的重要性,亟待开发出效果更好的鱼用疫苗。鱼用疫苗的研究始于1940年,用灭鲑产气单孢菌 Aeromonas salmonicida(肾脏病病     

台湾研发出鱼用口服疫苗使鱼类存活率超80％

台湾成功大学突破传统注射方式，研发出“鱼用口服性疫苗”，可提升养殖鱼类存活率达80％以上。[第一段]     

东方(鱼屯)属鱼类的营养需求

20世纪80年代以来,我国鱼用饲料工业发展很快,对我国水产养殖业的高产、稳产起了重要作用。但相对于畜禽来说,目前的鱼用饲料发展还存在一些问题,注要表现为基础研究落后,缺乏系统的科学研究,对大多数养殖品种饲料营养需求深入研究不够等,最近发展起来的极具养殖潜力的东方属鱼类饲料研究尤其不足。     

鱼类的营养与饲料

日本鱼类养殖业的研究.近年来进展很快,特别是鱼用配合饲料的研制,更加速了养殖业的发展。现在,谈一下关于鱼类的营养和配合饲料的一些问题。一、鱼类营养的特性了解鱼类成长时所必需的饲料量和饲料的营养素组成,是鱼类营养研究的主要     

DNA疫苗在动物医学方面的应用及发展前景

DNA疫苗是继减毒疫苗、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和重组多肽疫苗之后的又一新型疫苗,比其他疫苗高效、安全易于大量生产.本文对DNA疫苗在牛、猪和鸡一些病毒病上的使用效果及其安全问题等方面的研究近况作一综述.     

我国兽用基因工程疫苗研发现状与策略

基因工程疫苗的研究发展日新月异,已从理论研究进入到实际生产应用,成为生物制品产业发展的一种趋势.近年来我国在兽用基因工程疫苗研发领域取得了很大进展,一些亚单位、活载体、基因缺失以及采用反向遗传操作技术制备的禽流感疫苗等兽用基因工程疫苗已经商品化,论文对我国兽用基因工程疫苗研发现状进行综述并提出相应发展策略.     

海洋生物酶添加剂在鱼用饲料中应用效果的评定

鱼用饲料添加剂品种繁多,效果各异。将海洋生物酶添加剂在鱼用饲料中的应用进行生物学综合试验与评定,其评定结果如下。 1.试验条件与方法 1.1 添加剂 主要成分为各种海洋生物酶及活性多糖等复合制剂。添加剂由黄海水产研究所酶工程重点开放实验室研究和开发,从海洋生物中提取。     

鱼类疫苗研究进展

经过试验探索、生产应用 ,鱼类疫苗的研究已进入用新技术和新方法研制高效疫苗的时期。疫苗的种类逐渐增多 ,除传统的死疫苗、活疫苗、化学疫苗以外 ,新型疫苗得到快速发展。主要包括 DNA疫苗、合成肽疫苗。一些疫苗已经成为工业化生产的商品用疫苗 ,如弧菌病疫苗、红嘴病疫苗、疖病疫苗、传染性造血器官坏死病疫苗。鱼类的免疫应答和疫苗的免疫接种方法等都会影响鱼类疫苗的应用。尽管鱼类疫苗面临着一些困难 ,但是它有广阔的发展前景     

新型动物疫苗佐剂的研究进展

疫苗佐剂是使疫苗免疫原性充分发挥的工具,目前动物疫苗佐剂主要以铝盐佐剂和油乳佐剂为主。近年来基因重组疫苗和亚单位疫苗发展迅猛,而这些新型疫苗与传统疫苗相比免疫原性较弱,这就对佐剂提出了更高的要求。当前针对佐剂的研究层出不穷,部分佐剂如MF59、AS01、AS03等已经在人用疫苗中成功应用,但应用于动物疫苗还有技术难题需要攻破。蜂胶佐剂目前在动物疫苗中应用较广,且已经占有了一定的市场份额。为充分比较现有新型疫苗佐剂的优缺点,为后续疫苗佐剂的研究提供参考,就目前广泛研究的新型动物疫苗佐剂进行综述。     

Strategies and hurdles using DNA vaccines to fish

DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen – and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish.     

蜂产品疫苗离我们还有多远(综述)

本文对现已问世的转基因绿色口服疫苗的研究现状和实用安全性进行分析,探讨了蜜蜂产品作为新型植物口服疫苗表达系统的可能性,以及可能给传统医学保健带来的认知更新热潮和给传统蜂业带来的蜜蜂保护学方面的共效性.     

核酸疫苗的研究进展

核酸疫苗是当今研究的前沿领域,与传统疫苗相比具有很多优点,被誉为第3代疫苗革命.本文就核酸疫苗的作用机理、方法、医学上的研究进展及前景做一综述.     

Pathogenesis of and strategies for preventing Edwardsiella tarda infection in fish

Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. Research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that E. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. Although recent progress in edwardsiellosis research has enabled the development of numerous, highly effective vaccine candidates, these efforts have not been translated into a commercialized vaccine. The present review aims to provide an overview of the identification, pathology, diagnosis and virulence factors of E. tarda in fish, and describe recent strategies for developing vaccines against edwardsiellosis. The hope is that this presentation will be useful not only from the standpoint of understanding the pathogenesis of E. tarda, but also from the perspective of facilitating the development of effective vaccines.     

Use of vaccination against enteric septicemia of catfish and columnaris disease by the U.S. catfish industry

Vaccination is an effective strategy used for the protection of food animals against infectious diseases. A 2010 U.S. Department of Agriculture questionnaire examined U.S. catfish industry use (in 2009) of two commercial vaccines that provide protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) and columnaris disease, catfish producers' opinions regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish they expect to be protected, and producers' general expectations regarding survival of vaccinated fish compared with unvaccinated fish. During 2009, 9.7% of the total fingerling operations used one or both vaccines; 12.3% of the total industry fry production was vaccinated against ESC, and 17.0% was vaccinated against columnaris disease. Of the producers who grew food-sized catfish to harvest, 6.7% used vaccinated catfish. The farms that did not use vaccinated fish for grow out had a mean size of 63.4 water surface hectares (156.6 water surface acres). The operations that used vaccinated fish were larger (mean size = 206.6 water surface hectares, or 510.6 water surface acres). The producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated fish for grow out represented 19.0% of the total water surface area of food fish production; producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated fish represented 16.6% of the total area. Of the producers that stocked ESC-vaccinated catfish, 41.9% thought that survival was better in vaccinated fish than in unvaccinated fish; of the producers that stocked columnaris-vaccinated catfish, 46.2% thought that vaccinated fish displayed better survival. However, 37.5% of producers that used the ESC vaccine and 39.7% of producers that used the columnaris vaccine did not know whether vaccination improved survival rates. When all producers were asked about their expectations regarding the percentage of vaccinated fish that would be protected from disease, 52.4% responded that they expected 100% of their fish to be protected. More producer information about reasonable expectations regarding vaccine efficacy, the conditions under which immunosuppression and vaccine failure can occur, and assessment of vaccine performance may result in increased use of vaccination as a tool for the catfish industry.     

核酸疫苗研究进展

核酸疫苗是当今研究的前沿领域 ,与传统疫苗相比具有很多优点 ,被誉为第 3代疫苗革命。文章就核酸免疫的发展、特点、免疫机理、安全性问题、影响核酸疫苗免疫效果的主要因素、核酸免疫方法及应用前景做一综述     

禽大肠杆菌病疫苗研究进展

禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)是引起家禽多种肠外疾病如气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、蜂窝织炎及败血症的主要人畜共患病原菌.在过去的数十年间,试验了多种不同类型的疫苗用于本病的控制.鉴于APEC血清型较多且不同血清型之间缺乏交叉免疫保护,故生产上使用的APEC疫苗研究进展缓慢.作者对不同类型APEC疫苗进行了综述并提出未来的研究方向.