七叶树叶片营养与立地土壤状况的相关性分析

为了探讨行道树七叶树的叶片营养和立地土壤状况的相关性,以便七叶树能良好生长,充分发挥其生态功能,采用野外调查与室内试验分析相结合的方法,对兰州市主城区(城关、七里河、安宁和西固)的七叶树叶片及立地土壤分季节(夏季和秋季)进行分析.结果 表明:(1)七叶树叶片含水量、全N、全K和全Cu含量夏季高于秋季;叶片叶绿素和全P含量表现为夏季较高;叶片Ca、Mg、Fe含量秋季高于夏季;(2)整体土壤状况表现为pH值偏高,有机质、水解N、交换性Mg、有效Cu和有效Fe的含量较低;(3)夏季叶片相对含水量与土壤交换性Ca和交换性Mg含量显著负相关(P＜0.05);叶绿素含量与土壤有效Cu和有效Fe含量显著正相关(P＜0.05);全N、P、K均与土壤交换性Ca含量极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与土壤交换性Mg显著正相关(P＜0.05);叶片中Cu含量与土壤速效N、P均呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);秋季叶片中交换性Ca含量与土壤速效N含量显著正相关(P＜0.05);其余的叶片营养元素含量和土壤养分含量之间的相关性均不显著.在今后的养护管理中应根据叶片和土壤的实际营养状况,结合不同生长期对养分的需求合理施肥.     

玛曲高寒草地不同利用方式下土壤氮素含量特征

在玛曲高寒草地,选取不同利用方式下的围封5年的草地、轻度退化与人工修复草地、中度退化草地、重度退化黑土滩型草地、沙化草地以及栽培的燕麦草地为研究对象,分析其土壤氮素含量特征。结果表明,草地的开垦与退化使得可供植物利用的有机碳(SOC)、全氮、无机氮(NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N)与铵态氮含量明显降低,轻度退化与人工修复草地的SOC、无机氮及铵态氮含量均最高,分别为8.78g/kg,49.44mg/kg,42.71mg/kg;重度退化黑土滩型草地中硝态氮含量最高,达13.21mg/kg。土壤全氮及无机氮与有机碳之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤硝态氮及铵态氮与土壤全氮之间也均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),且均表现为线性关系;SOC是影响玛曲不同利用方式下草地土壤氮素含量的重要因素。     

川西北沙化草地植被恢复后土壤理化性质的变化

以植被恢复不同年限的川西北沙化草地土壤为对象,分析不同土层(0～20 cm、20～40 cm)中土壤理化性质的变化情况.结果表明:植被恢复对沙化草地土壤理化性质的改善有明显的促进作用;随植被恢复时间的延长,土壤容重逐渐减小,含水量显著提高;与参照样地相比,除土壤全K含量无明显变化外,土壤有机质、全N、全P以及速效养分含量在各层均呈不同程度的提高,表现最明显的是在土壤表层(0～20cm);相关分析说明,有机质含量和土壤容重表现出显著负相关(r=-0.533,p＜0.05),而与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(r=0.836,p＜0.01),土壤有机质含量表现出和土壤全N、全P含量不同程度的正相关关系.     

藏北退化草地群落生物量与土壤养分的关系

草地退化会呈现出地上群落与土壤的同步退化,相对于地上植被的退化,土壤退化呈现一定的滞后性,为分析藏北高寒草地退化过程中的群落地上生物量与土壤养分关系,选取那曲地区不同退化程度高寒草地,对土壤养分和地上生物量进行研究。结果表明,随着退化程度的加剧,藏北地区退化草地群落地上生物量和土壤养分(除全钾外)总体上表现为降低趋势,而且步调基本一致。土壤全氮、全钾含量与土壤有机质呈显著正相关(P0.05),土壤pH与有机质含量呈显著负相关(P0.05)。草地地上生物量与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),与全氮、全磷、全钾含量的相关性不显著(P0.05)。     

川西北沙化草地植被恢复后土壤理化性质的变化

以植被恢复不同年限的川西北沙化草地土壤为对象,分析不同土层(0～20cm、20～40cm)中土壤理化性质的变化情况。结果表明:植被恢复对沙化草地土壤理化性质的改善有明显的促进作用;随植被恢复时间的延长,土壤容重逐渐减小,含水量显著提高;与参照样地相比,除土壤全K含量无明显变化外,土壤有机质、全N、全P以及速效养分含量在各层均呈不同程度的提高,表现最明显的是在土壤表层(0～20cm);相关分析说明,有机质含量和土壤容重表现出显著负相关(r=-0.533,p<0.05),而与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(r=0.836,p<0.01),土壤有机质含量表现出和土壤全N、全P含量不同程度的正相关关系。     

不同开垦年限西藏草地中量、微量元素含量变化特点

为了解西藏草地开垦后土壤养分的变化,选取西藏两个不同地区(江孜和琼结)、不同开垦年限的耕地土壤为研究对象,采集0～20cm耕层土壤测定Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的全量和有效含量.结果表明,草地开垦为耕地后,江孜地区Fe、Zn、Mg全量和有效含量随着开垦年限的增加而增加,而Mn、Cu、Ca全量和有效含量随着开垦年限的增加表现为先增加后减少;琼结地区随着开垦年限的增加Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu的有效含量逐渐增加,有效Fe含量先减少后增加,Fe、Mn、Mg的全量有先增加后减少的趋势,Zn、Cu、Ca的全量却有先减少后增加的趋势.土壤养分性状间存在着一定的相关性.     

封育对蒿类荒漠草地土壤有机碳及土壤微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响

为了厘清封育过程中退化荒漠草地土壤微生物生物量生态化学计量学特征、土壤有机碳积累特征及其关系,对天山北坡新源县、博乐市、玛纳斯县、呼图壁县、奇台县封育4～7年的蒿类荒漠草地0～50 cm土层土壤有机碳（SOC）、土壤微生物生物量碳（MBC）、氮（MBN）、磷（MBP）含量及其化学计量比进行了分析,并用结构方程模型解析了SOC与土壤MBC、MBN、MBP及其化学计量比间的关系。结果表明：1）封育后0～50 cm土层蒿类荒漠草地SOC含量较对照显著降低15.52%(P<0.05),而土壤MBC、MBN、MBP、MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP总体变化不显著。2)SOC与MBC、MBN、MBP均呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,与MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP呈负相关,且封育后SOC与MBN/MBP间的关系由显著正相关转为负相关（P<0.01）。3）结构方程分析表明,土壤MBC、MBN、MBP及其计量比对SOC积累的直接解释率为46%,且MBN对土壤有机碳的作用效应最强（P<0.001）,封育降低了土壤MBC、MBN对土壤有机碳积累的影响,增加了土壤MBP的...     

椪柑果实品质因树龄的变化及其与叶片-土壤养分含量的关系

研究选择树龄依次为5、8、13和18年椪柑（Citrus reticulate Blanco ?Poncirus trifoliate）为对象,测定、分析椪柑果实品质及叶片养分含量、对应的土壤养分性状,旨在揭示椪柑果实品质随树龄的变化及其与叶片-土壤养分关系。结果表明,5至8年树龄椪柑果实单果重大且果形偏扁;13年树龄椪柑果实单果重小且果形偏圆;18年树龄椪柑果实单果重大且果形偏扁,果实可溶性固形物含量（10.72%）低,可滴定酸含量（1.02%）高,固酸比（10.70）低。随着树龄延长,叶片N和P含量先降低后升高,Zn含量先升高后降低,K、Mg和Mn含量上升,Ca和B含量下降。椪柑果实可溶性固形物与叶片Ca/K、Ca/Mg、Ca/Mn、Ca/(K Mg)、Ca/(Mn＋Fe)、Zn/(Mn＋Fe)呈显著正相关;可滴定酸含量与叶片Ca/K、Ca/Mn、Ca/(K Mg)呈显著负相关。结果显示,较长树龄椪柑果实可溶性固形物含量低、可滴定酸含量高与叶片低Ca、Zn含量和高K、Mg、Mn含量有关。     

封育对荒漠退化草地土壤主要养分的影响初探

以新疆天山北坡荒漠草地为研究对象,通过对两年围栏内外的0~20 cm土壤养分进行对比分析,探讨短期围栏封育对土壤的影响。结果表明,退化草地围栏后土壤有效磷含量降低;中度、重度退化草地土壤表层碱解氮含量降低,极度退化草地土壤碱解氮含量升高;中度、极度退化草地土壤有机质含量升高。由此可以看出,当地严酷的自然条件和草地退化程度的不同,使得短期围栏封育对土壤养分恢复的效果除有效磷变化一致降低外,有机质、碱解氮、速效钾变化不一致,差异不明显。因此,只有通过长期监测,才能对围栏封育的效果做出客观的评价。     

不同封育管理对沙质草地土壤与植被特征的影响

针对退化沙质草地土壤和植被的恢复问题,选取封育19年(人工抚育19年)、封育19年(人工抚育5年)和封育10年(自然恢复)沙质草地为研究对象,同时选取流动沙地作为对照,结合野外调查及室内化学分析方法,进行了不同封育管理沙质草地土壤理化性质和植被特征的比较研究。结果表明,1)与流动沙地相比,封育19年沙质草地(人工抚育19年)植被高度、密度、冠幅、盖度、生物量及土壤养分含量显著增加,0~20 cm层土壤容重、0.05~2 mm的砂粒含量显著降低,退化沙质草地在恢复过程中植被与土壤之间逐渐形成一个相互作用、相互影响的系统。2)封育沙地植被特征和土壤理化性质受坡位影响比流动沙地显著(P<0.05),封育沙质草地中SOC、氮磷钾全量和速效养分含量沿上坡到下坡呈增加趋势。3)天然封育+人工抚育措施对沙质草地的影响和改善程度高于纯天然封育措施,它是促进我国北方退化沙质草地恢复的适宜方法。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.