不同因素对牛体外受精效果的影响

比较公牛个体、精子密度、精卵比例、受精前机械脱除卵丘细胞及胚胎培养液体积对体外受精效果的影响。结果表明:不同公牛个体的精子受精的卵裂率差异不显著(P>0.05),但囊胚率受到极显著的影响(52.24%vs28.13%,P<0.01);精子密度在(0.5~1.5)×106/mL间的卵裂率和囊胚率差异都不显著(P>0.05),但精子密度在0.25×106个/mL时的卵裂率显著低于其他3个试验组(52.17%vs91.23%,P<0.05);受精时,精卵比控制在2 000~10 000∶1之间,受精卵的卵裂率、囊胚率均无差异(P>0.05);受精前机械脱除卵丘细胞对受精效果没有影响(45.21%vs36.46%,P>0.05);每枚胚胎培养液体积在2.5~10μL之间的群体培养,对受精胚的发育没有显著影响(51.39%vs35.06%,P>0.05)。     

精子不同处理和胰岛素不同浓度对猪卵母细胞胞质内单精子显微受精的影响

探讨了分别使用新鲜、冷冻和超声波断尾精子以及在胚胎培养液中分别添加不同浓度胰岛素对猪卵母细胞胞质内单精子显微受精(ICSI)胚胎早期发育的影响.结果:(1)使用冷冻解冻精子与新鲜精子相比对猪卵母细胞ICSI后的卵裂率和囊胚率均无显著影响(P＞0.05);2)精子断尾与否对猪卵母细胞ICSI后的分裂率和囊胚率没有显著影响(P＞0.05);3)在胚胎培养液中添加5 mg/L胰岛素与对照组相比可显著提高猪ICSI胚胎的囊胚发育率(18.22% vs 3.60%,P＜0.05).     

猪精子及卵子质量对猪体外受精胚胎发育的影响

应用体外受精(in vitro fertilization, IVF)等生物技术可以缩短种猪培育时间,地方猪精液的冷冻保存可以解决保存和运输问题。通过对不同个体冷冻前后的精子质量、获能方式、卵子质量及多精受精率对IVF的影响进行了研究。结果显示:当精子活率从83.26%降至74.20%时,IVF的卵裂率、桑椹胚率显著下降(P0.05)。不同的获能方式对IVF胚胎的卵裂率无显著影响(P0.05)。3层(及以上)卵丘细胞的卵子IVF的卵裂率、桑椹率显著高于3层以下组(P0.05)。冷冻精子的IVF中,2-细胞、4-细胞和囊胚的发育能力显著低于新鲜精子(P0.05),受精后6～12 h的多精受精率也显著高于新鲜精子组(P0.05)。猪体外受精胚胎的发育能力受精子和卵母细胞的影响。无论使用新鲜精液还是冷冻精液的IVF胚胎,在桑椹胚期后的发育能力都会受到阻碍,多精受精可能是原因之一,但具体原因还需要更多的研究。     

发情羊血清、肝素和BSA对绵羊冷冻-解冻精子体外获能的影响

分析了在受精液SOF中添加发情绵羊血清、肝素和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)对绵羊冷冻-解冻精液体外获能和受精的影响。结果表明:(1)使用含发情羊血清浓度为0、5%、10%和20%的受精液,分裂率分别是0、73.79%、73.25%和77.61%。加发情羊血清的3个试验组分裂率差异不显著。而未加血清的试验组分裂率为0,证明发情羊血清促进了绵羊冷冻-解冻精液的体外受精效果。(2)以含5%发情羊血清受精液为基础液,添加0IU/mL、5IU/mL和10IU/mL的肝素,受精后分裂率分别达86.64%、86.63%和75.53%。不加肝素组和5IU/mL肝素组分裂率差异不显著,而10IU/mL高浓度肝素组同其他两组比较,差异极显著(p<0.01)。说明含10IU/mL肝素的受精液,降低了绵羊体外受精后的分裂率。(3)用含5%发情羊血清受精液为基础液,以添加3mg/mLBSA为试验组,不加BSA为对照组,受精后两组分裂率差异不显著。发情绵羊的血清促进绵羊冷冻-解冻精子的体外受精效果。在受精液中添加发情绵羊血清进行绵羊冷冻解冻精子的体外受精,无需添加肝素和BSA。而且添加10IU/ml肝素,降低了受精后的分裂率。建议受精液中添加发情绵羊血清浓度在2%～10%较合适。     

体外受精生产性控犏牛胚胎条件的优化

为提高性控犏牛胚胎体外发育率,从性控精液的精子密度、受精时间、卵丘细胞的脱除程度、胚胎培养体系和胚胎培养环境各个环节进行优化。结果表明:(1)受精24h的卵裂率和囊胚率显著高于受精6h、18h(P0.05);(2)性控精液的精子密度0.4×10~6~0.6×10~6个/mL时的卵裂率显著低于4×10~6~6×10~6个/mL组(P0.05),但囊胚率差异不显著(P0.05),均显著高于性控精液0.04×10~6~0.06×10~6个/mL的卵裂率和囊胚率(P0.05);(3)卵丘细胞不脱除组的囊胚率(23.42%)显著高于半脱除组(13.77%)和完全脱除组的囊胚率(15.61%)(P0.05);(4)输卵管上皮细胞共培养的囊胚率(24.63%)和卵丘细胞共培养的囊胚率(23.42%)差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著高于FBS CR1aa培养液的囊胚率(P0.05);(5)性控犏牛早期胚胎在低氧培养环境下囊胚率(23.42%)显著高于高氧培养环境(11.83%)(P0.05),而孵化囊胚率差异不显著(P0.05)。结果说明,生产性控犏牛胚胎最佳的条件是性控精液的浓度0.4×10~6~0.6×10~6个/mL,受精时间为24h,采取卵丘细胞不脱除的方法,胚胎培养方式采用输卵管上皮细胞共培养的方式,胚胎培养环境采用低氧环境。     

牛体外受精胚的发育速度和染色体研究

利用不同个体的牛冷冻精液对屠宰场废弃牛卵巢内卵母细胞进行体外受精,对体外受精胚胎的发育速度和染色体的异常发生进行了研究。结果显示,冷冻精液A组体外受精48h后的卵裂率显著高于冷冻精液B组(P<0.05),2组之间的囊胚形成率差异显著(P<0.05);冷冻精液A体外受精后的胚胎发育速度显著快于冷冻精液B组(P<0.05);染色体分析结果表明,2组胚胎染色体异常发生率无显著差异,异常胚胎均表现为多倍体的发生率较高。     

不同激活方法对金华猪单精注射胚胎体外发育的影响

本试验用新鲜精子和冷冻精子比较了不同激活方法对金华猪单精注射(ICSI)胚胎体外发育的影响。结果显示:不同激活处理组与对照组比较,在卵裂率上差异均不显著(P0.05),但在囊胚率上,电+化学激活组、电激活组与对照组、化学激活组比较,差异显著(P0.05)。电+化学激活组与电激活组在囊胚率上差异不显著(P0.05),对照组与化学激活组在囊胚率上差异不显著(P0.05)。新鲜精液和冷冻精液经ICSI后卵子在卵裂率、囊胚率上均无显著差异(P0.05)。电+化学激活和电激活都可用于金华猪ICSI体外胚胎生产的激活方法。     

精子预处理和第一极体位置对绵羊胞质内显微受精的影响

实验分别采用DTT处理与不处理精子的比较;活精子和死精子进行精子胞浆内注射(ICSI);第一极体位于6点和12点的不同位置,研究3个因素对绵羊精子胞质内显微受精的影响.结果表明:DTT处理与不处理在卵裂率上差异不显著(P＞0.05),囊胚发育率差异显著(P＜0.05).在第一极体位置,死、活精子对ICSI的卵裂率及囊胚率无明显影响(P＞0.05).     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对牛冷冻精液品质及受精能力的影响

本试验旨在探究牛冷冻-解冻精液中添加不同浓度表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)对精液品质及受精能力的影响。在牛冷冻-解冻精液中添加不同浓度(0、5、10和20μmol·L~(-1))EGCG,38.5℃孵育1h后,检测精子动力学参数、结构完整性、精子中相关酶活力和体外受精能力。结果表明,10μmol·L~(-1)EGCG处理显著提高了精子活力(TM,%)和鞭打频率(BCF,Hz,P0.05);与对照组相比,5、10和20μmol·L~(-1)EGCG处理组精子质膜和顶体完整率显著升高(P0.05);5和10μmol·L~(-1 )EGCG处理组精子线粒体膜完整率显著升高(P0.05);10和20μmol·L~(-1 )EGCG处理能够显著提高精子中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力,10μmol·L~(-1 )EGCG处理降低乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05);10和20μmol·L~(-1 )EGCG处理显著提高了精子受精后早期胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率(P0.05)。综上表明,10μmol·L~(-1)EGCG处理牛冷冻-解冻精液能提高精液品质及受精能力。     

牛冷冻精液保存时间对精液品质及其受精能力的影响

为探究不同冷冻精液保存时间对荷斯坦奶牛精液品质及其受精能力的影响,选取北京奶牛中心冻存1年(A冻精)、冻存3年(B冻精)及冻存13年(C冻精)的3批精液进行研究。利用精子分析仪分析精子运动能力,台盼蓝染色鉴定精子活率,检测精子顶体完整率、线粒体功能以及DNA完整性,利用体外受精技术检测卵裂率和囊胚率,Realtime PCR检测弱精子症相关蛋白基因表达水平。结果显示:3批精液的精子活力和直线性随冷冻时间延长逐渐下降,精子活率也显著下降;3批冷冻精液的卵裂率和囊胚率随冷冻时间延长显著下降;精子线粒体功能分析结果表明,A精液线粒体膜通道孔相对荧光单位(RFU)值和线粒体活性光密度(OD)值最高(P0.05),C精液最低(P0.05);精子DNA完整性检测结果显示,随冷冻时间延长,精子拖尾率显著增加;弱精子症相关蛋白的基因表达趋势并未显现出与体外受精结果相一致的趋势。研究证明,随着冷冻保存时间的延长,精子活力、精子线粒体功能以及精子DNA完整性逐渐下降,最终导致精子受精能力下降。     

黄淮白山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养

采用离子霉素和6-DMAP对黄淮白山羊体外成熟卵母细胞进行联合激活,分别在不同的培养体系进行体外培养,观察孤雌胚胎的发育情况。培养体系分别为:无共培养条件下,M199(10?S)、CR1aa和HTF P1;颗粒细胞共培养条件下,CR1aa、HTF P1和SOFaa。结果发现,无共培养条件下,CR1aa和HTF P1组孤雌胚胎的卵裂率显著高于M199组(P<0.05),但3组均未有囊胚;共培养条件下,HTF P1组的卵裂率显著高于CR1aa和SOFaa组(P<0.05),而CR1aa组的囊胚率却显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果说明,CR1aa联合颗粒细胞共培养能够获得较好的培养效果,适用于山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养。     

精子不同处理方法对牛卵泡卵母细胞体外受精的影响

本研究探讨了不同精子处理方法对南阳黄牛卵泡卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响。试验一,研究三种不同的精子洗涤方法对卵母细胞体外受精的影响,结果表明:上浮法和Percoll密度梯度离心法所得的卵裂率(58.3%,60.6%)均显著高于直接离心洗涤法(47.2%,P<0.05);上浮法所得囊胚发育率(25.9%)显著高于直接离心法(13.3%,P<0.05);上浮法和Percoll法相比,卵裂率和囊胚率均无显著差异。试验二,研究三种受精液对卵母细胞体外受精的影响,结果表明:BO液组和mTyrode’s液组所得的卵裂率(60.1%,59.3%)均显著高于TCM199液组(48.5%,P<0.05);但三组囊胚率(17.8%、19.6%、14.1%)差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Optimization of the in vitro fertilization protocol for frozen epididymal sperm with low fertilization ability in Ban—A native Vietnamese pigs

The aim of the present study was to improve the penetration during in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a frozen lot of epididymal sperm with a notoriously low fertilization ability of a Ban boar which is a native Vietnamese breed by optimizing different parameters of the IVF system. In Experiment 1, we determined that Pig‐fertilization medium was superior medium to Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate‐polyvinyl alcohol medium for IVF and defined the optimum the sperm concentration (1 × 10⁶ sperm/ml). In Experiment 2, we clarified that partial removal of cumulus cells from cumulus‐oocyte complexes by hyaluronidase treatment before IVF enhances sperm penetration, whereas complete cumulus removal reduces penetration. Finally, in Experiment 3 the elevation of concentration of caffeine in Pig‐fertilization medium from 2 to 5 mmol/L and the prolongation of the co‐culture of gametes from 3 to 5 hr significantly increased the total penetration rate from 15.2% to over 50%. In conclusion, the combination of partial oocyte denudation, an elevated caffeine concentration in Pig‐fertilization medium and an extended interval of IVF with using an optimized sperm concentration was a potent way to improve the fertilization results for a frozen epididymal Ban sperm lot with low fertility.     

Effect of cumulus cells and sperm concentration on fertilization and development of pig oocytes

Effect of sperm concentrations and cumulus cells (CCs) on porcine IVF was re‐evaluated using current improved IVM and IVC system. Our results showed that both CCs and sperm concentration had significant effect on penetration rate, frequency of polyspermy and embryonic development. The best IVF results were obtained with oocytes with CCs fertilized with 0.5 × 10⁵ sperm/ml. Such an IVP system works on both sow and gilt oocytes.     

卵丘细胞对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响

为探讨表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)的添加浓度及脱卵丘细胞时间对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响.试验通过在体外成熟液中添加不同浓度(0、10、15、20、30、40 ng/mL)的EGF来研究其对培养44 h的卵母细胞成熟率以及孤雌胚胎发育的影响;在培养开始后的不同时间(18、24、38、44 h)进行脱卵丘细胞处理来研究不同时间脱卵丘处理对培养44 h的卵母细胞成熟率以及孤雌胚胎发育的影响.结果表明,成熟培养基中添加10 ng/mL EGF能显著提高卵母细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率(P <0.05).共培组和独培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞成熟率均低于44 h,但差异不显著(P >0.05);共培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率显著高于培养44 h(P <0.05);独培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞的卵裂率与44 h无显著差异(P >0.05),但囊胚率显著高于培养44 h后脱卵丘细胞(P <0.05).添加10 ng/mL EGF对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育较好;卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞可提高孤雌胚胎早期发育能力.     

黄芪多糖对体外培养大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响

研究黄芪多糖对体外培养的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞（rat intestinal mucosa microvascular endothelial cells,RIMMVECs）增殖的影响。应用不同浓度的黄芪多糖作用于体外培养的RIMMVECs。通过MTT法检测黄芪多糖对RIMMVECs增殖的影响。不同浓度的黄芪多糖对细胞增殖的影响不同:黄芪多糖浓度在25～800 mg/L时可明显促进细胞的增殖（P<0.05或0.01）;浓度为1.6×10³ mg/L时对细胞的增殖无影响;浓度在3.2×10³～25.6×10³ mg/L时对细胞生长具有抑制作用（P<0.05或0.01）。黄芪多糖有促进体外培养RIMMVECs的增殖作用,此作用对保护内皮损伤、加速内皮修复有重要作用。     

Exogenous cholesterol prevents cryocapacitation-like changes,membrane fluidity,and enhances in vitro fertility in bubaline spermatozoa

A study was conducted to determine the optimum dosage of the exogenous cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins (CLC) to get maximum cryoprotection for bubaline spermatozoa. In the present study, 120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa were incubated in 2, 3 and 4 mg of CLC as grouped as Gr II, III and IV, respectively, and sperm progressive motility, intracellular Ca²⁺, capacitation status by protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) assay and zona binding per cent (ZBP) and cleavage rate (CR) of the cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa by in vitro fertility assay were assessed in comparison with an untreated control group (Gr I). Results revealed that there was a significant (p < .05) linear decrease in percentage of sperm population with higher intracellular Ca²⁺ and percentage of sperm population with medium or high capacitated by PTP in CLC treated from 2 to 3 mg and then increased to 4 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa whereas sperm progressive motility, percentage of sperm population with low capacitated, ZBP and CR were increased significantly (p < .05) in sperm population treated from 2 to 3 mg CLC and then decreased to 4 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa. The study has clearly indicated that CLC at 3 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa has maximum beneficial effects in protection of sperm progressive motility, membrane fluidity (low intracellular Ca²⁺); prevention of cryocapacitation (low capacitation pattern in immunolocalization) and enhancement of in vitro ZBP and CR. Post-thaw motility of the CLC-treated sperm has shown positively significant (p < .05) correlation with sperm population with low intracellular Ca²⁺, low capacitated sperm population, ZBP and CR, whereas it was negatively (p < .05) correlated with sperm population with high intracellular Ca²⁺, medium or high capacitated sperm. The present study has revealed for the first time that incubation of spermatozoa with CLC of higher dose (>3 mg/120 × 10⁶ spermatozoa) had adverse effects on sperm cryopreservation, although incubation of sperm with 3 mg/120 million prior to processing had minimised the freezing–thawing-associated damages in bubaline species.     

规模化养猪场环境细菌的调查与分析

为掌握规模化养猪场周围环境中的细菌数量与种类,以便为养猪场细菌性疾病的预防与控制提供依据,本试验在贵州省2个具有代表性的规模化养猪场中采集空气、饮用水、排污水、土壤和粪便样本进行细菌总数检测和优势菌落鉴定,结果显示,2个猪场的空气、饮用水、排污水、粪便和土壤样本细菌总数相应为(1.17~94.40)×10⁴ CFU/m³、(0.15~1.83)×10² CFU/mL、(5.00~32.00)×10⁵ CFU/mL、(0.46~26.40)×10⁶ CFU/g和(0.30~52.30)×10⁵ CFU/g,主要优势菌是葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、耶尔森菌、变形杆菌、巴氏杆菌、李氏杆菌、芽孢杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌等。这些结果显示,除饮用水和土壤外,其余样本的细菌总数都符合国家规定的畜禽养殖场环境卫生要求,但存在一些条件致病菌或致病菌,这为养猪场细菌性疾病的预防与控制提供了重要的参考数据。     

Production of Ban miniature pig embryos by in vitro fertilization: A comparative study with Landrace

Ban is an endangered miniature pig breed in Vietnam. This study aimed to set up an in vitro embryo production (IVP) system for this breed. Ban's epididymal sperm concentration (1240 ± 35 × 10⁶/mL) was lower (P < 0.01) compared with Landrace (4160 ± 42 × 10⁶/mL). However, sperm characteristics before and after freezing in Ban and Landrace were similar. The numbers of follicles with diameter larger than 2 mm per ovary in Ban females treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (27.1 ± 1.3) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in Landrace (12.9 ± 2.0) and in non‐hormone stimulated Ban (no > 2 mm follicles). After in vitro maturation, the percentages of oocytes with expanded cumulus cells and the first polar body (matured oocytes) were not different among Ban, hormone‐stimulated Ban and Landrace. The percentages of two‐cell embryos and morulae derived from oocytes collected from three sources did not differ. However, the rate of blastocysts derived from oocytes in non‐stimulated Ban (4.0 ± 3.8%) was lower (P < 0.05) than that in Landrace (15.3 ± 1.8%). In conclusion, an effective IVP system for good quality embryos in Ban, that is essential for genetic conservation of this breed, was established.     

Effects of cooling rates on the quality of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) sperm

This study aims to investigate the effect of different cooling rates on the semen cryopreservation of curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). Nineteen ejaculates were obtained from adults males and cryopreserved at 15°C/min (CR15), 30°C/min (CR30) (controlled temperature inside and outside straw, speed was stable during freezing) and direct freezing in liquid nitrogen vapour (~35.6°C/min) (CRNV). The straws were thawed and seminal parameters evaluated. DNA fragmentation through the comet assay was assessed. A fresh sperm sample was not frozen and used for analyses. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared by Scott–Knott test (p < 0.05) using the R Software. Mean motility percentage was 100%, and motility duration was 39.5 ± 5.7 s for the fresh sperm (subjective analysis); 58.9 ± 8.0% and 24.5 ± 5.7 s for CR15; 64.8 ± 4.8% and 26.5 ± 7.1 s for CR30; and 50.1 ± 16% and 25.7 ± 4.7 s for CRNV, respectively. Motility percentages were higher and equal between CR15 and CR30 compared to CRNV (p < 0.05). Some sperm motion kinetics, namely average path velocity (VAP) and straight line velocity (VAS), were higher for CR30 (p < 0.05), while curvilinear velocity (VCL) and velocity progression (PRO) were lower for CRNV (p < 0.05). Straightness (STR) and wobble (WOB) were the same among treatments (p > 0.05). Sperm morphology results indicated higher means for total morphological sperm alterations in CRNV. All cooling rates caused sperm DNA fragmentation, although CR30 provided a less harmful effect. This is the first report for cryopreserved P. lineatus sperm preserved under different controlled cooling rates. The cooling rate of 30°C/min is indicated for the cryopreservation of this fish sperm as it led to the lowest detrimental spermatozoa effects.