我国野生动物主要管理工作现状和加强措施

野生动物资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,同森林、草原、水流、矿藏、滩涂等资源一样,对维护自然生态平衡,发展国民经济,促进社会主义精神文明和物质文明建设有着重要的作用。野生动物资源属于国家所有,国家对野生动物实行加强资源保护、积极驯养繁殖、合理开发利用方针。新中国成立后,党中央、国务院对野生动物的管理工作十分重视,50年代末期,国务院确定由林业部门主管野生动物及狩猎工作,使我国的野生动物管理工作揭开了新的篇章,结束了“野生无主,谁猎谁有”的错误作法。至今我国的野生动物管理工作已走过了30多个春秋,野生动物管理工作取得了巨大的成就,对发展国民经济及提高人民物质、文化生活起到了重要作用。     

中国野生动物保护协会工作回顾与展望

中国野生动物保护协会自1983年底成立以来,在林业部和中国科协的领导下,在有关部门,地区和单位的关怀,支持下,广泛开展野生动物保护、科研及学术交流活动。取得了显著的成绩,已成为国内外具有相当影响的跨行业、跨学科的全国性野生动物保护组织,开辟了我国群众性保护野生动物工作的新局面。一、大力开展宣传教育活动,提高广大干部群众保护野生动物的认识,为促进社会主义精神文明建设作出贡献。中国野生动物保护协会成立7年来,始终把宣传教育当作一项重要工作来抓,积极配合政府主管部门,利用各种宣传形式大张旗鼓地宣传国家有关野生动物的方针、政策和法规,宣传保护野生动物的重要意义。1982—1983年,大熊猫栖息地的竹子大面积开花枯死,大熊猫的生存受到严重威胁,抢     

黑龙江省野生动物保护执法和资源调查工作汇报会在哈尔滨市召开

为全面了解黑龙江省野生动物资源保护执法情况和调查工作进展情况,抓好全省野生动物管理工作以及今冬明春野生动物资源外业调查工作,1997年10月29日,黑龙江省林业厅在哈尔滨市召开了野生动物保护执法和资源调查工作汇报会。会议听取了各地学习、宣传和贯彻执行《黑龙江省野生动物保护条例》,狩猎生产、驯养繁殖、经营利用和运输管理工作的汇报;奖励了在野生动物资源调查中表现突出的地市讨论了与《黑龙江省野生动物保护条例》相配套的野生动物运输、经营、收费等三项规定（初稿）;部署了今冬明春野生动物保护管理和资源调查工作。参加…     

广东大峡谷自然保护区社区公众野生动物保护意识调查

2008年6月,对广东大峡谷自然保护区社区公众野生动物保护意识进行了问卷调查。结果表明：（1）公众对野生动物保护知识匮乏,缺乏野生动物保护法制意识;（2）公众普遍对野生动物面临的威胁有较明确的认识,具有保护意愿,但缺乏保护野生动物的积极性和主动性;（3）公众接受野生动物保护教育的主要途径是电视。本文针对广东大峡谷自然保护区公众野生动物保护意识现状及其存在的问题,提出了一些建议。     

“中国野生动物之乡”命名活动

野生动物是自然生态系统的重要组成部分,在促进人与自然和谐发展、维护生态平衡等方面发挥着重要作用。为了加强野生动物资源的保护,调动野生动物栖息地地区公众保护鸟类的积极性,提高公众野生动物保护的意识,促进人口、资源、环境和经济的协调发展,中国野生动物保护协会自2004年起在全国组织开展了“中国野生动物之乡”命名活动,受到了社会各界的广泛欢迎。截止2011年8月,中国野生动物保护协会共在全国23个省（区、市）命名了50个“中国野生动物之乡”。作为野生动物保护宣传的新模式,“中国野生动物之乡”对于加大提高公众的保护意识,树立地方的生态品牌,调动社会各界的保护积极性起到了促进作用。     

加强管理严格执法努力做好野生动物管理工作

搞好野生动物的保护与管理工作,是维持自然界生态平衡,实现促进人类社会可持续发展,保持人类赖以生存的自然生态环境的重要工作。几年来,在国家与各级政府的重视与关怀下,黑龙江省汤旺河林业局的野生动物保护事业有了长足的发展,在野生动物保护与管理工作上做了一些工作,取得了一定成效。     

圈养珍稀野生动物应激性疾病及防治

动物园作为休闲娱乐、科普宣传教育、野生动物异地保护和科学研究四大功能为社会服务.珍稀野生动物异地保护工作尤为重要,因其对栖息地依赖性较强,圈养条件下对环境、温度、饲料等改变适应能力较差,极易发生应激性疾病.此文就珍稀野生动物在人工圈养的过程中发生的应激性疾病展开叙述,并提出相应的防治措施.     

我国野生动物生境保护法律问题探赜

野生动物生境是指野生动物的生活空间以及其中的光照、地形、植被、天敌、食物等生态因子。野生动物生境保护是野生动物保护的重要内容,也是维护生物多样性、促进生态平衡的重要途径。在野生动物生境保护中,存在着立法目的不合理、法律衔接不顺畅、法律缺乏操作性等问题,影响了野生动物生境保护工作的深入推进。为此,应通过创新立法原则、健全法律体系、完善执法机制等方式推进野生动物生境保护工作。     

动物园发展过程中的六个重要工作环节

作为全球自然保护体系重要组成部分的世界动物园系统,已成为野生动物移地保护的生力军,在濒危物种保存上发挥着越来越突出和重要的作用,是不可或缺的.但随着二十一世纪社会发展进程的不断加速,公众对生态及环境保护意识的不断增强,动物园能否顺应潮流,能否跟上时代的步伐,能否肩负起历史的重任,确实值得我们去认真地加以思考.毋庸置疑,动物园也必须随社会的发展而发展,紧紧围绕保护、教育的工作重心,认真履行其职责,励精图治,才能适应新时期的需要,与时俱进.在动物园发展过程中,我们认为只要把握住动物设施建设、动物场馆丰容、动物资源配置、动物种群管理、动物行为训练和公众保护教育等6个关键管理工作环节,并使其工作具有科学性和创造性,就不会丧失机遇,就能做到可持续发展.     

安徽野生动物保护喜与忧

野生动物,既是大自然赐予人类的宝贵财富,也是大自然赐予人类的好朋友。为了保护野生动物保护生物多样性维护生态平衡推动经济建设可持续发展国家于1988年11月8日颁布了“野生动物保护法"至今己十周年了。十年来安徽野生动物保护工作经历了普法宣传教育、出台配套法规、依法行政管理等实施过程开创了安徽省野生动物保护工作不断强化治理、不断巩固提高的新局面。首先,安徽省在原有“安徽省野生动物资源调查办公室’的基础上成立了“安徽省自然保护管理站”,负责全省野生动物保护、自然保护【建设、珍稀濒危野生动植物的保护与进出口以及…     

马来熊的研究现状及保护对策探析

马来熊是国家Ⅰ级保护动物,其生物学信息缺乏,也缺乏科学的保护和管理对策。本文通过回顾关于马来熊的研究文献,对其研究现状进行总结归纳,并针对种群分布现状提出科学保护和管理对策。关于马来熊的研究主要见于野生种群现状、野外生态及圈养种群的饲养管理等,其中野外生态主要集中于生境选择利用、家域特征、行为节律、食性等,需要进一步深入研究其个体生态学或种群生态学规律。针对马来熊的保护和研究现状,应采取加强立法、推行宣教、提高公众保护意识;加强基础科学研究;建立保护区、缓冲区及森林廊道等以恢复其栖息地等措施来有效保护其野生种群。     

Educational preparedness of veterinarians for foreign animal diseases

Veterinary medical education in FADs has been and will continue to be critically important if veterinarians are expected to fulfill the profession's primary obligations to society--those of protecting our animals' health, conserving our animal resources, and promoting public health. It is imperative that curricula and instruction in veterinary schools and colleges provide the depth and breadth of knowledge and understanding necessary to prepare all veterinarians, including those in private practice, for their key role in defending against FADs. Development and implementation of governmental and military programs to diagnose, prevent, control, and eradicate FADs will require a dedicated cadre of public sector veterinarians who have a solid educational foundation in FADs and understand the contemporary issues and global challenges we face. Animal-related industries, associations, and organizations will increasingly rely on well-educated veterinarians to help guide them in ways that will protect animals, clientele, consumers, and trading partners from effects of FADs. Agencies and organizations concerned with conservation of animal resources will require veterinary expertise necessary to prevent FADs in a multitude of animal species, including marine animals, wildlife, endangered species, zoologic specimens, and important genetic lines as well as our domestic companion and livestock species. Species affected by FADs also include human beings for those disease agents with zoonotic potential; thus, veterinary education also plays a key role in public health.     

Non-governmental Organizations and Government Agencies Lead in Cultivating Positive Sea Turtle Conservation Attitudes

Considerable research has been conducted analyzing how demographic characteristics influence the public’s attitudes toward wildlife; however, less research of this type has been conducted in locations having long-standing species conservation efforts. Questionnaires were completed by residents living adjacent to such a location, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge (ACNWR), to investigate which demographics explained residents’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, willingness to act for, and participation in sea turtle conservation. Residents who had a non-governmental organization (NGO) or government agency as their sea turtle information source had stronger positive attitudes toward sea turtles. Residents who possessed strong positive attitudes were more willing to engage in pro–sea turtle conservation behaviors. Overall, this research demonstrated that ACNWR residents’ source of sea turtle information being an NGO or government agency played a significant role in increasing residents’ knowledge of, attitudes toward, willingness to volunteer for, and participation in sea turtle conservation.     

浅谈野生虎生态学研究

虎在生态系统中处在食物链的顶端，是自然保护中的旗舰物种，具有重要的生态价值和科学价值。目前，虎的分布范围及数量已经明显减少，成为最受威胁的大型猫科动物之一。针对虎的这种濒危状况，虎的研究得到了极大关注，尤其是野生虎的生态学研究。本文综述了野生虎生态学的研究，从野生虎生态学的研究历史出发，作者认为野生虎的保护应该做到以下几点：减少人为干扰；保护好现有虎栖息地，对现有虎种群实行异质种群管理；建立新的保护区，扩大虎的栖息地；设法扩大虎猎物种群的数量。     

Toward a model for local stakeholder participation in landscape-level wildlife conservation

The conservation community is increasingly taking a landscape-level approach to wildlife conservation. This approach faces obstacles, including how to ensure transboundary wildlife conservation goals that can be realized through local management actions, and how and when to engage local stakeholders in landscape conservation planning processes. Currently, local stakeholder participation is not institutionalized within these processes. This paper examines the potential role of local stakeholders in landscape conservation. In this paper, we present a preliminary model of cross-level coordination that could facilitate development and implementation of conservation across social–ecological landscapes, highlighting the possible contributions of local stakeholders. The feasibility of this model is contingent on addressing a range of challenges associated with local stakeholder participation in extra-local conservation decisions. Ultimately, we present suggestions for future research examining the potential for a locally inclusive, participatory approach to wildlife conservation across complex landscapes.     

Landscape Conservation Cooperatives: Building a Network to Help Fulfill Public Trust Obligations

The Landscape Conservation Cooperative (LCC) network (Network), comprised of 22 conservation partnerships spanning North America and U.S. Islands, is uniquely positioned to assist government members in fulfilling their public trust obligations to sustain natural and cultural resources for current and future generations by (a) ensuring inclusivity of broad stakeholder participation in conservation decision-making, and (b) building capacity for public trust to work in conservation, thus increasing the chance for successful and lasting conservation outcomes. In this article, we discuss the vision for the Network; challenges individual LCCs and the Network face in achieving the vision of sustaining natural and cultural resources for the benefit of current and future generations, a public trust obligation of most of the members; and ways in which member LCCs are making progress in this regard. We offer recommendations for the Network to consider to improve its ability to meet public trust obligations.     

深圳野生动物园游客对保护教育项目的选择偏好

动物园是对公众进行保护教育的重要基地,游客观赏和教育项目偏好是影响游客管理决策的重要因素。本研究采用选择实验法构建深圳野生动物园庭院探秘之旅项目的随机参数模型(random parameter logit,RPL),将观看项目动物、体验项目、动物生态解说、纪念品及费用5个属性纳入评估模型,分析各属性的偏好及愿付价值(willingness to pay,WTP)。结果表明:游客希望该项目在现状基础上进行属性提升,且相对偏好于观赏多种动物以及进行深度体验,这两个属性的WTP分别为28.71和11.86元/(次·人);若项目费用升高,则游客对其选择性随之下降。利用潜在类别模型(latent class model,LCM)进行该项目游客市场区隔分析:第一个类群为偏好多样化的游客,占受访者的35.7%,第二类群为偏好单一型游客,倾向于深度体验项目,这部分游客较多,占64.3%。可开展后场参观、动物饲料制作等游客参与式深度体验项目,招募志愿者辅助完成讲解站、主题日等保护教育活动,以提高动物园对游客的吸引力。     

How Messaging Shapes Attitudes toward Sea Otters as a Species at Risk

To address the drivers of biodiversity loss, conservation efforts must attend to public attitudes toward endangered species. Using sea otters as a species at risk, we examined how messaging shapes people’s attitudes toward this species. Participants viewed a message about sea otters that was either positive (sea otters as keystone species), negative (resource conflict with local fishermen), or neutral (biological facts). The impact of the message on people’s attitudes was measured using Kellert’s typology of basic attitudes toward wildlife. We found that the negative message promoted people’s interests in the practical value of sea otters (utilitarian-consumption attitudes), their habitats (utilitarian-habitat attitudes), and control over sea otters (dominionistic attitudes), even though the negative message was perceived as less convincing and believable than positive or neutral messages. The positive message decreased utilitarian-consumption attitudes, and the neutral message decreased utilitarian-habitat attitudes. Our findings suggested that messaging can influence public attitudes toward wildlife.     

Human-carnivore conflict in China: a review of current approaches with recommendations for improved management

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a conservation concern that increasingly threatens the continued existence of some of the world's most endangered species. With an increase in human population, urban sprawl and subsequent encroachment on wild land, human and wildlife interaction has become inevitable. In the majority of cases, this interaction results in a negative outcome for humans, wildlife or both. In China, these key elements, along with a decrease in wild prey species, have resulted in the expansion of HWC encounters, and the need for alleviating this conflict has become a conservation priority. Loss of human life, livestock and/or crops is most often the catalysts that fuel HWC. Techniques to alleviate conflict around the world have included preventative measures and mitigation techniques, such as financial compensation and other incentive programs. Both types of measures have had variable success. We review the current status of human-carnivore conflict management in China, and, drawing lessons from around the globe, we make recommendations for improving conservation management in China. For example, an increase in law enforcement in nature reserves is vital to reducing human disturbance in prime carnivore habitat, thereby reducing conflict encounters. Also, modifications to current wildlife compensation programs, so that they are linked with preventative measures, will ensure that moral hazards are avoided. Furthermore, investigating the potential for a community self-financed insurance scheme to fund compensation and increasing efforts to restore wild prey populations will improve the outcome for wildlife conservation. Ultimately, HWC management in China will greatly benefit from an integrative approach.     

上海动物园游客保护教育需求及满意度调查

本研究利用问卷调查收集了上海动物园游客类型与特征、游园目的、游客游览时获得野生动物科普知识的途径、游客对现有科普活动的评价、对科普教育的需求、游客满意度、意见与建议等,并进行了研究。结果表明,大部分(66.02%)游客为本市居民和暂居本市的中青年。近9成(89.51%)游客携带孩子游览动物园,其中超过半数(52.34%)为父母与孩子共同出行。游客游园目的主要为观看动物、游玩娱乐和让孩子学习动物知识。观察动物和阅读动物科普说明牌是游客学习动物科普知识的主要途径。互动类和深度游类项目,是游客最愿意参加的活动类型。游客更希望园方从动物科普设施、饲养员讲解、志愿者讲解这3方面提升其教育功能。总体而言,游客对上海动物园感到满意,超过半数(53.81%)表示很满意。具体而言,动物说明牌的满意度最高,其次是路面状况和路标指示牌。基于研究结果,提出以下建议:提升科普活动的内涵和互动性;提升游园体验,延长游览时间;寻找迎合和引导的平衡;完善基础设施。