山东省规模化牛场牛副结核病血清学调查

[目的]为了解牛副结核病在山东省规模牛场的发病和流行情况。[方法]本研究采用血清学检测方法,抽检山东省25个牛场（13个奶牛场、12个肉牛场）血清样品738份（奶牛血清383份,肉牛血清355份）,进行牛副结核病抗体检测。[结果]25个牛场中有12个牛场存在牛副结核病抗体阳性,群体阳性率为48.00%。738份样品中35份为阳性,个体阳性率为4.74%。表明牛副结核病在山东省部分规模化牛场普遍存在。[结论]此次流行病学调查基本摸清山东省部分规模化牛场牛副结核病的感染情况,为今后该病防控提供参考依据。     

山东地区规模化牛场三种常见疫病的流行病学研究

[目的]为弄清山东地区规模化牛场三种常见疫病的流行病学特点。[方法]2015年1月到2015年6月从山东省部分地区20个规模化牛场随机采集420份血清样品,包括种牛血清41份、奶牛血清278份、肉牛血清101份,利用ELISA方法检测牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎及牛副结核病三种常见疫病抗体水平,20个牛场均未免疫上述三种传染病疫苗。检测[结果]表明,在山东地区牛场中,这三种传染病普遍存在感染,其中病毒性腹泻病毒抗体场阳性率为65%,个体平均阳性率为52.62%;牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gE抗体场阳性率为55%,个体平均阳性率为23.33%;牛副结核分支杆菌抗体场阳性率为10%,个体平均阳性率为2.14%。[结论]通过本次流行病学调查,进一步了解三种常见传染病在山东地区不同类型牛场的流行情况,对山东地区牛场疫情预测及疫病防控起到一定的指导作用。     

辽宁省牛副结核病血清学调查

为了解辽宁省牛场副结核病的感染状况,采用ELISA方法对2017年间辽宁省14个地市奶牛场户的860份牛血清样品进行了副结核病抗体检测。结果显示:副结核阳性场占比44.2%,抗体阳性率为5.6%;奶牛场阳性率为5.5%,肉牛场阳性率为5.9%;不同饲养规模牛场的阳性率分别为:大型牛场1.8%、中型牛场7.7%、小型牛场8.6%。小型牛场的阳性率高于大、中型牛场。此次血清学调查采集样品的地理范围较广、样品的采集量较大,基本能够反映辽宁省牛场牛副结核病的感染情况,调查结果可为副结核病的预防和控制提供参考。     

2008—2013年重庆地区牛支原体血清流行病学调查

为调查重庆地区牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)感染情况及流行趋势,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)对2008—2013年重庆地区1 606份牛血清样品进行检测。结果显示1 606份样品中有787份呈阳性,阳性率为49.00%;按不同年份计,2008—2013年牛支原体抗体阳性率分别为57.14%、66.00%、47.80%、75.00%、43.48%、40.31%。按不同来源分,奶牛场奶牛阳性率为61.82%,规模化肉牛场肉牛阳性率为51.32%,散养户牛阳性率为44.74%。通过血清学调查发现,重庆地区牛支原体感染较严重。     

新疆地区规模化奶牛场牛支原体流行病学调查

为了调查新疆地区规模化奶牛场牛支原体的感染情况,采用牛支原体间接ELISA和特异性PCR检测牛血清中的牛支原体抗体及病料中牛支原体核酸,共检测9个地区15个规模化奶牛场437份血清,肺脏、关节液及鼻腔黏液44份。结果显示,血清抗体阳性率为76.43%（334/437）,其中脐带血抗体阳性率为40.00%（4/10）;病料阳性率为40.91%（18/44）。检测结果表明,新疆地区大部分奶牛场存在牛支原体感染,部分奶牛场发生牛支原体肺炎及关节炎病例,并存在垂直传播的风险。牛支原体感染可能成为危害新疆规模化奶牛场犊牛健康的主要疫病之一。     

潍坊及周边地区牛支原体感染状况调查

为了解潍坊及周边地区牛支原体在健康牛场和发生呼吸道病牛场的感染状况,分别采集了健康牛场的188份血清和发病牛场的肺、鼻腔深部分泌物39份,对血清采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测其中的牛支原体抗体,对发病牛的肺和鼻腔深部分泌物采用套式PCR检测其中的牛支原体核酸。结果显示,发病牛场的个体阳性率为46.15%(18/39);健康牛场的场群抗体阳性率为64.29%(9/14),健康牛场的个体抗体阳性率平均为5.85%(11/188),其中肉牛的个体抗体阳性率为5.68%(5/88),奶牛的个体抗体阳性率为6%(6/100)。说明牛支原体在受调查地区健康牛场普遍存在,但个体感染率不高,而在发生呼吸道病牛场中的感染率较高。     

新疆南疆部分规模牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎血清流行病学调查

为了解新疆南疆部分规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎感染情况,采用血清流行病学调查方法,对14个规模化奶牛场1 157份成年母牛血清和640份犊牛血清进行牛传染性鼻气管炎抗体ELISA检测。结果显示,群间抗体阳性率为100%,群内成年母牛抗体阳性率为1.25%～95.00%,群内犊牛抗体阳性率为8.70%～95.83%。结果表明,新疆南疆部分规模牛场存在不同程度的牛传染性鼻气管炎感染。     

北京地区规模化奶牛场副结核流行病学调查

为调查北京地区规模化奶牛场副结核流行病学情况,试验通过ELISA检测血清抗体,采用副结核分支杆菌(MAP)抗体ELISA试剂盒检测血清中的IgG,去除掉信息不齐全和重复的样品后,最终总计采集北京地区7个牧场8 549头牛的血清样品。试验分析副结核在不同养殖阶段和不同月龄的血清抗体阳性率、各场血清抗体阳性率,以及血清抗体阳性牛S/P值分布情况等。显示北京地区规模化奶牛场场间血清抗体阳性率为100%,场内血清抗体阳性率为5.08%～12.62%,个体牛血清抗体阳性率为9.25%;血清抗体阳性牛主要集中在24月龄以上的成母牛群,建议对12月龄以上牛群采样。表明北京规模化奶牛场副结核感染情况不容乐观,有必要开展副结核控制计划。     

临泽县奶牛支原体感染情况调查与分析

为初步了解甘肃省张掖市临泽县奶牛支原体感染情况与流行特点,于2017年4月—2018年3月应用ELISA检测技术对临泽县8个奶牛场共420份血清样品进行了牛支原体抗体检测。结果表明:420份奶牛血清样品中有213份检测为阳性,平均阳性率50.71%,其中散养场奶牛支原体血清抗体阳性率高于规模化奶牛场,分别为65.0%和45.0%;不同发育阶段奶牛支原体血清抗体阳性率存在一定差异,但与年龄呈正相关性。调查结果显示临泽县奶牛支原体流行情况较为严峻,当地防疫部门及养殖户应引起重视。     

宁夏牛支原体病的血清学调查报告

为掌握宁夏牛场牛支原体的感染状况,应用牛支原体间接ELISA检测试剂盒对宁夏银川市、吴忠市、中卫市的16个规模化养殖场的460份牛血清进行了牛支原体抗体的检测,结果显示:有148份血清牛支原体抗体阳性,阳性率为32.17%。说明宁夏地区牛支原体隐性感染普遍存在,应做好各牛场的管控和防治工作。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).