饲料中益生菌发酵复方中草药对育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究饲料中添加益生菌发酵的复方中草药对育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响,本试验采用单因素随机设计试验,选择初始体重相近、健康的三元杂交健康育肥猪120头,随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10头,A组饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D组分别在基础日粮中添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的益生菌发酵复方中草药制剂,试验期为60 d。在试验的1 d和60 d测定育肥猪生长性能指标,试验结束测定育肥猪的胴体品质。结果表明:与A组相比,C和D组育肥猪的平均日增重、平均采食量分别提高了18.3%、16.7%、9.3%、9.9%(P0.05),C和D组育肥猪的料重比分别降低了7.5%、5.9%(P0.05);育肥猪的屠宰率、胴体率、胴体斜长、大理石评分、肉色各组间均差异不显著(P0.05),B、C、D组育肥猪的p H 45 min和p H 24 h均高于A组,但是差异性不显著(P0.05);C组和D组育肥猪的瘦肉率与A组相比分别提高6.9%、7.1%(P0.05);C组和D组育肥猪的平均背膘厚、眼肌面积与A组相比分别降低了10.7%、7.1%、8.8%、6.2%、7.0%(P0.05)。结论,在育肥猪的基础日粮中添加1.5%益生菌发酵复方中草药制剂可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和胴体品质。     

中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

研究旨在针对目前中草药在三元杂交猪生长育肥研究的薄弱环节,探索中草药添加剂对生猪育肥的影响,为推广利用新型安全有效的植物性添加剂提供理论支持。选用日龄相近、60kg左右的三元杂交(杜×长×大)猪45头,随机分为A、B、C 3个组,每组15头。A组为对照组,B组、C组分别在日粮中添加0.5%和1%的中草药添加剂,研究中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明：B、C组的料重比、平均日耗料量显著低于A组(P＜0.05),但平均日增重显著高于A组(P＜0.05)。研究发现,在育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂可以显著提高平均日增重,降低耗料量和料重比,且以添加量为1%时效果最好。     

中草药添加剂对高热环境中生长育肥猪生产性能、肉品质及生理生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究中草药饲料添加剂对育肥猪生产性能、肉品质及其主要生理生化特性的影响。试验选取120头体重(100±1.55)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪:对照组(A)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组复方1组(B)、复方2组(C)、藿香组(D)与五味子组(E)分别饲喂添加不同中草药的试验饲粮,试验期14 d。试验期间,猪舍内平均温度为(34.46±2.14)℃,平均湿度为(49±2.46)%。结果表明:在高温环境中试验C组可显著提高育肥猪的日增重,并显著地降低了料重比(P0.05);试验B组和E组显著降低了育肥猪背最长肌的滴水损失及剪切力(P0.05);而且不同的中草药添加剂对糖类代谢也表现出显著的调控作用(P0.05)。由此可见,高温环境中添加上述中草药饲料添加剂可提高育肥猪日增重、饲料转化率及肉品质,缓解高温对猪生产性能的影响。     

超微粉中草药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡血清中酶、pH值、无机离子、HSP70的影响

试验探讨超微粉中草药添加剂对热应激蛋鸡血清中酶、pH值、无机离子、HSP70的影响。选取105只伊萨褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,每组21只。A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C、D、E组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药超微粉添加剂,进行7周的饲养试验。结果表明：D、E组血清ALT比A组显著降低（P<0.05）,C、D组血清ALP较A组显著提高（P<0.05）,D、E组血清CK较A组显著下降（P<0.05）;B、C、D、E组血清pH值较A组显著降低（P<0.05）,B、C、D、E组的血清K较A组显著增高（P<0.05）,D、E组血清Ca较A组显著增高（P<0.05）,B、C、D、E组P较A组显著增高（P<0.05）;C组血清HSP70与A组有极显著差异（P<0.01）,D、E组血清HSP70比A组显著提高（P<0.05）,超微粉中草药添加剂能够明显改善蛋鸡血液有关生化指标,诱导HSP70的表达,缓解热应激。     

中草药混合添加剂对生猪经济性状的影响

旨在针对目前中草药在三元杂交猪生长育肥研究上的薄弱环节,探索中草药添加剂对生长猪育猪肥育性能的影响,为推广利用新型安全有效的植物性添加剂提供理论支持。选用日龄相近、体重60 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,随机分为A、B、C 3个组,每组15头。A组为对照组,B组、C组为试验组,分别在日粮中添加0.5%和1%的中草药添加剂,研究中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明:试验组的料重比、平均日耗料量显著低于A组(P0.05),但平均日增重显著高于A组(P0.05)。研究发现,在育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂可以显著提高平均日增重,降低耗料量和料重比,且以添加量为1%时效果最好。     

复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药对猪生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能的影响。将60头育肥猪随机分成4组,每组15头猪。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%的复方中草药。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅰ组育肥猪平均日增重、血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量均显著提高(P<0.05),失水率显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪末重、平均日增重、胴体重、胴体斜长、熟肉率、脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量、IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),料重比、背膘厚、剪切力、失水率均显著降低(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组育肥猪胴体重、胴体斜长、血清IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚均显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,育肥猪基础饲粮中添加1.0%和2.0%的该复方中草药制剂均能改善育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和免疫功能,临床应用中选择1.0%作为最适添加剂量。     

中草药混合添加剂对生猪经济性状的影响

本研究旨在针对目前中草药在三元杂交猪生长育肥研究上的薄弱环节,探索中草药添加剂对生长猪育猪肥育性能的影响,为推广利用新型安全有效的植物性添加剂提供理论支持。选用日龄相近、60kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,随机分为A、B、C 3个组,每组15头。A组为对照组,B组、C组分别在日粮中添加0.5%和1%的中草药添加剂,研究中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。试验结果表明:B、C组的料重比、平均日耗料量显著低于A组(P<0.05),但平均日增重显著高于A组(P<0.05)。本研究发现,在育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂可显著提高平均日增重,降低耗料量和料重比,且以添加量为1%时效果最好。     

中草药添加剂对育肥猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨夏季在育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂对其生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取200头体重约60 kg的杜长大(杜洛克×长白×大白)育肥猪,随机分为4个组(处理),每个组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg维吉尼亚霉素(50%)的对照日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%中草药添加剂的日粮。试验结果表明,与抗生素对照组相比,日粮中添加1.5%中草药添加剂显著提高育肥猪平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),各试验组均有改善料重比的趋势,但差异不显著;日粮中添加中草药添加剂与抗生素对照组相比,干物质、总能、粗蛋白质、钙、磷等表观消化率均有提高的趋势;育肥猪日粮中添加中草药添加剂与抗生素对照相比,血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM及补体C3、C4的浓度均显著提高(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加中草药添加剂明显改善了育肥猪的生产性能、养分消化、免疫功能。     

益生菌发酵复方中草药对育肥猪血清生化指标和抗氧化力的影响

文章旨在研究益生菌发酵复方中草药对育肥猪血清生化指标和抗氧化力的影响。试验将48头体重相近[（30.43±0.32）kg]、健康状况良好的育肥猪（杜×长×大）随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复4头，公母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验A、B组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%的益生菌发酵复方中草药，试验为期30?d。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比，试验组血清中TP和ALB含量均提高，其中试验B组分别提高11.83%和5.47%(P <0.05)；试验组血清中GPT、GOT含量低于对照组（P> 0.05）；试验A、B组血清中BUN含量分别降低18.30%和23.11%(P <0.05)。（2）与对照组相比，试验组血清中T-AOC、GSH-Px和SOD的含量均显著升高（P <0.05）,MDA含量显著降低（P <0.05）。综上所述，在日粮中添加益生菌发酵复方中草药可提高育肥猪血清生化指标和抗氧化力，为益生菌发酵中草药在育肥猪生产中的应用提供依据。     

日粮添加中草药添加剂对猪肉品质的影响

本试验以杜长大生长育肥猪为研究对象,探讨不同剂量的中草药添加剂对其肉品质的影响。试验选择100头体重相近、健康、胎次相近的育肥猪按照单因素随机分组原则分为4组,每组25头猪,每组5个重复,每个重复5头育肥猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组依次在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的中草药添加剂,试验期4周。结果显示:生长育肥猪日粮中添加一定剂量的中草药添加剂对育肥猪屠宰24h后p H值、剪切力、肉色亮度、肉色黄度、水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白等指标未产生显著影响;但试验2组育肥猪的大理石纹显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验2组育肥猪的猪肉滴水损失显著低于对照组(P0.05),试验2组的肉色红度值显著高于对照组和试验1组(P0.05)。综上所述,在生长育肥猪日粮中添加适量的中草药添加剂可以显著改善育肥猪的肉品质,且最适添加剂量为1.0%。     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

The effects of antibiotic,probiotic, organic acid,vitamin C,and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance,carcass characteristics,blood chemistry,microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + C-Vet-50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). The additives used in this study may be incorporated in the drinking water of broiler chickens as growth promoters and for improved performance. A further, wider supplementation study is required to understand the performance, immune system, variation in the intestinal microbial counts, and any other possible alteration in the intestinal biota of the broilers.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.