奶牛口蹄疫病毒隐性感染状况调查及RT-PCR检测

采用口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC-ELISA试验对1 786份奶牛血清样本进行口蹄疫病毒隐性感染状况调查,并对疑似阳性牛只进一步采集食道-咽部分泌物(OP液)样本,通过已建立的RT-PCR进行口蹄疫病毒核酸检测,核酸阳性样本进一步进行O型、亚洲Ⅰ型和A型口蹄疫病毒血清型鉴别。结果:被检样本中26份奶牛血清显示口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体阳性,9份奶牛OP液样本显示口蹄疫病毒核酸阳性,经血清型鉴别均为O型口蹄疫病毒。试验结果表明:通过3ABC-ELISA初筛和RT-PCR检测方法确诊是控制口蹄疫疫情发生和流行的有效手段。     

贵州省开阳县某猪场主要猪病的血清学抗体检测分析

为了解贵州省开阳县某猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪O型口蹄疫病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒的免疫及感染情况,通过采用ELISA检测方法对猪场30份血清进行相关抗体检测。结果:(1)猪O型口蹄疫病毒、猪伪狂犬病毒gB、猪瘟病毒免疫抗体合格率均>70%,免疫效果较好。(2)猪口蹄疫3-ABC抗体阳性率为0,表明猪群无口蹄疫病毒感染。(3)猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒免疫抗体合格率为26.7%,未达到国家农业农村部规定≥70%的要求,需加强免疫。(4)猪伪狂犬病病毒gE抗体阳性率为70%,表明猪群存在伪狂犬病病毒感染。结论:猪场需加强猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的免疫和防控,同时要做好猪伪狂犬病的检疫与净化工作。     

肉牛口蹄疫免疫抗体、3ABC抗体、RT-PCR核酸检测结果分析

[目的]为了掌握肉牛口蹄疫免疫抗体检测结果、口蹄疫非结构蛋白3ABC抗体检测结果、口蹄疫O-P液RT-PCR核酸检测结果三者的相关性,[方法]张掖市动物疫病预防控制中心对甘州区28头肉牛开展相关检测。[结果]检测结果表明:O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率28份,合格率100%,3ABC抗体阳性27份,阳性率96.4%;对3ABC抗体阳性的27头牛分2次进行实时荧光RT-PCR核酸检测,被检的27头牛均为阴性。     

乐山市猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为掌握乐山市生猪饲养场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果,2015年,笔者对全市11个区(市)县114个生猪养殖场(户)采用ELISA方法,检测猪瘟免疫抗体1917份、猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体1881份。结果表明,乐山市猪瘟免疫抗体合格率为84.9%,猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率为81.1%。规模化猪场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率普遍高于散养户,试验为乐山防控这2种疫病提供了基础资料。     

辽宁阜新地区猪牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测

本研究对辽宁阜新地区春季集中免疫期间猪、牛、羊口蹄疫免疫抗体采用ELISA法进行监测,同时对猪、牛、羊进行口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体单抗阻断ELISA检测和口蹄疫病毒荧光RT-PCR检测,将免疫抗体监测与病毒检测结果进行综合系统分析,有效评估该地区口蹄疫预防免疫效果和感染带毒情况,及时掌握口蹄疫防控工作情况,做出风险评估,进行风险交流,发挥预警预报作用。结果表明,在口蹄疫春季集中免疫后,阜新地区猪、牛、羊O型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率为86.97%,牛、羊亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率为86.74%,奶牛A型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率为95.62%,均超过了国家农业农村部对重大动物疫病评价的总体要求(有效免疫抗体合格率要达到70%以上)。     

安徽省2015年猪口蹄疫定点监测分析

为了解安徽省猪口蹄疫感染状况和免疫情况,使用荧光RT-PCR和ELISA检测方法,对安徽省12个生猪固定监测点采集的578份扁桃体样品和578份血清样品分别开展口蹄疫（通用型）病毒核酸、猪A型口蹄疫抗体和猪O型口蹄疫抗体检测。结果显示：猪口蹄疫（通用型）病毒核酸阳性率为0,A型抗体阳性率为25.95%,O型抗体合格率为32.87%。结果表明,安徽省中小型生猪养殖场口蹄疫防控情况较好;部分猪场使用了A型口蹄疫疫苗免疫,但效果并不理想;O型口蹄疫抗体合格率不高,除免疫时间短的因素外,说明仍有部分猪场不重视口蹄疫免疫。     

三种试剂盒检测猪口蹄疫O型抗体的对比试验

使用三种猪口蹄疫O型抗体检测试剂盒分别检测接种猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗和猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗的免疫抗体,以探讨三种抗体检测试剂盒的相关性。结果发现,猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒和猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒都可检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达90.8%,而间接血凝试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗;猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒和间接血凝试剂盒可用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达93.7%,而猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗。     

2016年江苏省猪口蹄疫监测结果分析

为了解江苏省猪口蹄疫感染和免疫情况,采用荧光RT-PCR和ELISA方法,对收集的8000份猪组织样品和2718份猪血清样品分别进行口蹄疫病毒核酸和O型口蹄疫抗体检测.数据显示,口蹄疫病毒核酸阳性率为0;O型口蹄疫抗体合格率为68.95%.结果表明,江苏省规模场和屠宰场猪口蹄疫防控情况较好;O型口蹄疫抗体合格率略低于70%,说明仍有个别场户的口蹄疫免疫工作存在瑕疵.     

贵阳地区规模化猪场主要疫病免疫效果评估

为了解贵州省贵阳地区规模化猪场主要动物疫病的疫苗免疫情况,从贵阳市6个规模化猪场采集血清样本共576份,采用ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验)方法,分别进行血清抗体检测。结果显示,6个规模化猪场猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒gE蛋白、猪伪狂犬病病毒gB蛋白、猪O型口蹄疫病毒和猪A型口蹄疫病毒抗体阳性率分别为94.62%、86.46%、8.06%、98.32%、91.85%和97.14%,抗体离散度分别为74.56%、62.35%、15.23%、50.54%、35.42%和43.68%。结果表明,贵阳地区6个规模化猪场的猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒gB蛋白、猪O型口蹄疫病毒和猪A型口蹄疫病毒的抗体阳性率都比较高,但是个别猪场也存在免疫抗体不合格。猪O型口蹄疫病毒和猪A型口蹄疫病毒的抗体离散度相对较低,免疫效果较好。其中猪场B、猪场C、猪场F出现了猪伪狂犬病病毒gE蛋白抗体阳性,提示猪群可能存在猪伪狂犬病野毒感染,猪场需要采用合适的免疫程序和适时开展疫病净化。     

2015—2018年安徽省定点猪场主要疫病病原和血清抗体监测

为全面掌握安徽省口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征和猪伪狂犬病等主要猪群疫病的感染及免疫状况,2015—2018年,从安徽省东部、中部和南部选取12个生猪养殖场,应用荧光定量RT-PCR和ELISA检测方法,连续4年对上述疫病病原和血清抗体进行检测。结果显示：每年均检测出口蹄疫3ABC阳性抗体,O型和A型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率呈逐年下降趋势。猪瘟和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫情况较好,抗体合格率均超过农业农村部规定的70%标准,高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。猪伪狂犬病在猪场中存在一定的流行,gE（野毒）抗体阳性率在0.74%~19.90%之间;gB免疫抗体合格率在35.64%~71.16%之间,合格率较低且呈逐年下降趋势。小型猪场的主要疫病免疫抗体合格率普遍低于中型猪场,保育猪群和育肥猪群抗体合格率低于其他生产阶段猪群。结果提示,该地定点猪场的口蹄疫和猪伪狂犬病防控效果不理想,不仅存在一定的病毒感染,免疫抗体合格率也偏低,病毒流行风险较高,需要加强监测和免疫;猪瘟、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征总体防控效果较好,但需要加强种公猪免疫。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。