青蒿对白细胞虫病的疗效试验

白细胞虫病是由白细胞虫引起的一种寄生性原虫病。病禽表现为严重贫血、呆钝、食欲消失、共济失调等类似疟疾样的症状。青蒿为菊科一年生草本植物，近年已从其叶片提取出一种名为“青蒿素”的物质。青蒿素对疟原虫有强大而快速的杀灭作用，还可提高淋巴细胞的转化率，促进...     

中药有效成分抗鸡球虫病研究进展

鸡球虫病是家禽常见的肠道寄生原虫病,在全国乃至世界范围内以其高发病率和病死率给养禽业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失,目前主要依赖于化学药物预防。然而,随着耐药性的产生及对无公害动物食品的需求,寻找新颖、经济环保的治疗措施备受关注。研究表明,中药提取物具有良好的抗球虫功效,为抗球虫新药的研发开辟了新的领域。论文就常山、青蒿素、姜黄素、甘蔗和芦荟五种单味中药及成分防治鸡球虫病的研究做一综述,为开发新型中药制剂来防治鸡球虫病提供新参考。     

动物原虫病药物防治要略

原虫病给我国养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,人畜共患原虫病也对我国公共卫生造成了很大的威胁,正确的用药对防治原虫病具有很重要的作用。结合长期的临床实践和有关文献,对目前动物常见原虫病的治疗和预防药物进行了综述,以期为临床治疗用药提供参考。     

鸡卡氏白细胞原虫病药物治疗试验

近几年来,鸡卡氏白细胞原虫病在广东省广泛流行,不少地区因患该病引起鸡只死亡,给养鸡业带来很大损失.据Fallis等(1974)报道,乙胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶合剂对预防卡氏白细胞原虫病有效,但用作治疗则无效.Siccardi(1974)报道,Clopidol对鸭的白细胞原虫有预防作用,但用作治疗药物尚缺报道.为了寻求对该病有效的治疗药物,我们选用了几种药物进行试验,现将治疗结果报道如下:     

兽医原虫病疫苗的应用与研究进展

寄生性原虫是动物和人的重要病原。长期以来，对动物原虫病的防治主要依赖化学药物。但基于药物耐药性的普遍存在，以及公众或法律要求在畜产品生产中减少药物使用的压力不断增强，迫使动物原虫病的防治方法逐渐转向免疫预防。本文就目前已商品化的兽医原虫病疫苗的种类与应用及其核酸疫苗与表位疫苗研究进展进行综述，以期为兽医原虫病的防治及其疫苗研制提供参考。     

咪唑苯脲缓释剂治疗温氏附红细胞体病的效果观察

咪唑苯脲(Imidocarb),又名双咪苯脲,属于均二苯基脲的衍生物,是一种动物专用的新型抗原虫的化学药物,目前是治疗奶牛附红细胞体病比较有效的药物,并能控制疫情,但不能彻底杀灭附红细胞体[1]。本试验用研制的咪唑苯脲缓释剂,用于临床治疗奶牛附红细胞体病,观察治疗效果,以期找到临床上治疗附红细胞体病更有效的药物。     

几种化学药物对家蚕微粒子病的治疗效果

通过对目前生产中常用的三种家蚕微粒子病化学治疗药物防微灵、脓微灵和原虫净以不同的用药方式进行家蚕微粒子病治疗试验和比较研究 ,结果表明 :连续不间断添食药物对家蚕微粒子病具有较好的治疗效果 ;以防微灵的疗效为最好 ;脓微灵除对家蚕微粒子病具有一定治疗效果外 ,还表现出对微孢子具有强烈的体外杀灭作用。     

家畜传染病的几种治疗方法

1化学疗法化学疗法是使用有效的化学药物帮助动物机体消灭或抑制病原体的治疗方法,最常用的化学药物有以下几种。1.1磺胺类药物磺胺类药物是化学合成的抗菌药物,对大多数革兰氏阳性和部分阴性细菌有抑制作用,对放线菌和某些大型病毒以及弓形虫也有一定的作用,个别磺胺类药物还能选择性地抑制某些原虫。     

漳州地区规模蛋鸡场鸡卡氏住白细胞虫病的调查

鸡卡氏住白细胞虫病是由库蠓传播的一种血液原虫病。本文从不同县市区、不同鸡场、不同地域和不同饲养方式等4个方面对蛋鸡卡氏住白细胞虫病进行调查。调查结果表明,不同县市区、不同鸡场、不同地域和不同饲养方式下的蛋鸡感染率差异显著。通过血涂片镜检感染率3.33%~23.3%,平均感染率77.08%。漳州地区每年4-9月期间蛋鸡场都可能会发生卡氏住白细胞虫病。因此,在库蠓活动季节建议通过诱杀库蠓、除草灭虫以及药物预防(预防用量每吨饲料加青蒿素4~6 kg,治疗量8~10 kg)等综合措施能够有效预防该病的发生。     

肉品中残留磺胺类药的危害及其监控

磺胺类药物（SAS）是指一类具有对氨基苯磺酰胺结构、用于预防和治疗细菌感染性疾病的化学药物，是当前畜禽生产中常用的抗菌、抗原虫药物，具有抗菌谱广、价格低、化学性质稳定、使用方便等优点。能抑制大多数革兰氏阳性菌和某些阴性菌。对链球菌病、肺炎球菌病、沙门氏菌病、葡萄球菌病、大肠杆菌病、巴氏杆菌病、痢疾杆菌病、李氏杆菌病、放线菌病和猪痢疾密螺旋体病、球虫病、住白细胞虫病均有较好疗效，     

青蒿素及其衍生物抗寄生虫的研究进展

本文介绍了青蒿素及其衍生物的基本研究状况和它们抗寄生虫病的研究进展，青蒿素及其衍生物主要的抗寄生虫作用表现为抗疟原虫和抗血吸虫，它们抗弓形虫、卡氏肺孢子虫、犬附红细胞体和球虫的作用也较强，对其进一步的研制和开发具有广阔的前号：     

青蒿有效成分的提取方法筛选

为筛选出安全、方便、高效、省时的青蒿有效成分的提取方法,研究利用建立的高效液相色谱方法来评价超声波法、微波辅助法和恒温加热搅拌法对青蒿素的提取效果。结果显示超声波法提取青蒿素的含量为0.4489 mg/g,微波辅助法提取青蒿素的含量为0.2676 mg/g,恒温加热搅拌法提取青蒿素的含量为0.1589 mg/g。试验表明:利用超声波法提取青蒿素效果最佳,超声波提取可促进青蒿有效成分的释放。     

Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia sieberi and anticoccidial effects of the plant extract in broiler chickens

Artemisinin has received much attention in the treatment of malaria in recent years, and it is now considered as a potential candidate to reduce coccidial infection in chickens. It is a sesquiterpene compound which has been isolated from Aretemisia annua for the first time. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of artemisinin in A. sieberi (AS) and to test the anticoccidial effects of plant extract in broiler chickens. The aerial parts of the plant were collected during different seasons from Yazd Province, in the centre of Iran. The artemisinin content of the AS was extracted with petrol ether and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection. Anticoccidial effects of the plant extract were tested on chicks challenged with various species of Eimeria. The infected chickens were treated with doses of 1 or 2.5 mg/kg per day artemisinin via oral administration of plant extract. The analytical results showed that the level of artemisinin in AS was 0.2% and 0.14% of dried weight (DW) of plant materials in summer and autumn, respectively. Treatment of experimentally infected chickens with AS extracts showed that artemisinin was able to reduce the severity of coccidial infection induced by Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina, but not E. maxima. The anticoccidial effects of artemisinin were shown by significant decrease in output of number of oocysts per gram of faeces in chickens challenged with different species of Eimeria. This study showed that the levels of artemisinin in AS were comparable with those in other species including A. annua, and that the extract of this plant can reduce coccidial infection in broiler chickens.     

仔猪等孢球虫与等孢球虫病研究进展

仔猪等孢球虫病是由猪等孢球虫寄生在哺乳期及新近断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞所引起的一种寄生性原虫病，呈世界性分布，给养猪场造成严重的经济损失。本文对猪等孢球虫病的病原分类、虫体形态和生活史、致病性、流行病学特点、临床症状、病理变化、诊断、防治等方面的目前研究状况进行了综述，为猪等孢球虫病的有效防制提供参考。     

In vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on Neospora caninum.

Neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of mammals and has been associated with abortion in cattle worldwide. Artemisinin is an effective antimalarial compound derived from a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, qinghao or Artemisia annua L. In the study reported, the cultured host cells (vero cells or mouse peritoneal macrophages) infected with N. caninum tachyzoites were incubated with alpha-MEM (minimal essential medium) 10%HS supplemented with various concentration or artemisinin (20, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 microg/ml) to examine the efficacy of artemisinin against N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication. In long-term studies, at 20 or 10 microg/ml for 11 days, artemisinin reduced N. caninum and completely eliminated all microscopic foci of N. caninum. At 1 microg/ml for 14 days, artemisinin reduced N. caninum and completely achieved elimination of all microscopic foci of N. caninum. There was no apparent toxicity to host cells in long-term studies. In short-term studies, at > or = 0.1microg/ml, artemisinin reduced N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication, significantly (P < 0.05) and appeared to depend on the artemisinin concentrations. Pretreatment of host cells or N. caninum tachyzoites with artemisinin had no effect on N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication. These results demonstrate that artemisinin inhibited N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication.     

Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog

A 3.5-year-old, castrated male, giant schnauzer was presented with alopecic pustular dermatitis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had been diagnosed 45 days previously. At the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Cutaneous protozoosis was diagnosed, and postmortem examination revealed protozoa within cutaneous, cardiac, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues. The protozoa divided by endodyogeny, had the morphology of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites, and stained positively with T. gondii polyclonal antibodies but not with antibodies to Neospora caninum or Sarcocystis neurona. Immunosuppression may have predisposed this dog to disseminated toxoplasmosis.     

土壤微生物对黄花蒿凋落物或青蒿素的响应

黄花蒿主要通过植株残体向土壤释放化感物质,影响土壤肥力和生产力。本试验开展了土壤微生物对黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素的响应研究。结果表明,在土壤中添加黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素,真菌数量增加,但显著降低放线菌、自生固氮菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的数量,不利于土壤有机质矿化,生物固氮和硝化作用。黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素降低微生物熵,增大代谢熵,说明土壤微生物代谢受到干扰,活性降低。此外,黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素还使土壤微生物标记性磷脂脂肪酸总量和种类以及细菌、放线菌和原生动物标记性磷脂脂肪酸减少,选择性地抑制了土壤微生物的繁殖生长。在黄花蒿凋落物、青蒿素和对照(不加凋落物和青蒿素)的土壤中,微生物种群结构差异显著,黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素降低微生物多样性和均匀度指数。因此,在大规模集约化种植黄花蒿的过程中,进入土壤的凋落物抑制有益微生物生长繁殖,改变土壤微生物群落结构,种群减少,密度降低,这可能是黄花蒿抑制后茬和周围植物生长,进而造成减产的重要原因之一。     

Neospora caninum: in vivo and in vitro treatment with artemisone

Neosporosis caused by Neospora caninum has global economic, clinical, and epidemiological impacts, mainly in the cattle industry. Currently, there is no useful drug for treatment of neosporosis. This publication is the first to describe the significant benefits that artemisone has on Neospora infections both in vitro and in vivo. Artemisone is a new semi-synthetic 10-alkylamino artemisinin that is superior to other artemisinin derivatives in terms of its significantly higher antimalarial activity, its tolerance in vivo, lack of detectable neurotoxic potential, improved in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability. Low micromolar concentrations of artemisone inhibited in vitro Neospora development. Prophylactic and post-infection treatment profoundly reduced the number of infected cells and parasites per cell. In the in vivo gerbil model, a non-toxic dose prevented typical cerebral symptoms, in most animals. There were no signs of clinical symptoms and brain PCR was negative. Most treated gerbils produced high specific antibody titer and were protected against a challenge. Overall, artemisone could be considered as a future drug for neosporosis.     

青蒿素对牧草的化感作用

试验以黑麦草、白三叶和光叶紫花苕为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度(0,6,12,24,36 mg/kg)青蒿素处理对3种牧草生长、生理、抗氧化酶和养分指标的影响,为重庆市黄花蒿产区选择宜栽牧草提供科学参考。结果表明,青蒿素显著影响3种牧草生长,影响效应与青蒿素浓度和牧草种类显著相关。其中,6 mg/kg 青蒿素对3种牧草生长指标均有显著抑制作用,并随浓度的增加而增强。当浓度为36 mg/kg时,黑麦草、白三叶和光叶紫花苕的生物量分别减少76.83%,90.10%和65.09%;株高分别降低47.82%,38.76%和44.49%。青蒿素对3种牧草的化感综合效应均表现为负值,且绝对平均值光叶紫花苕最小,黑麦草次之,白三叶最大,说明光叶紫花苕对青蒿素相对不敏感。此外,青蒿素显著降低牧草叶绿素含量、根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性,不益于光合作用、养分吸收和氮素同化,故牧草氮、磷、钾吸收量显著降低,最大降幅均超过70%。青蒿素对抗氧化酶活性的影响各异,超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,过氧化物酶活性降低,过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化。但是,青蒿素大幅度提高丙二醛含量,表明在青蒿素胁迫下,牧草体内产生了较多的氧自由基或清除率降低,细胞膜受到损伤。因此,在重庆黄花蒿产区,比较适合种植对青蒿素相对不敏感的光叶紫花苕。     

Anticholinergic effects of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, in isolated guinea pig heart preparations

Concern has been growing about the cardiac toxicity of antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin, a unique type of antimalarial drug originating from a Chinese medicinal plant, has minimal adverse effects, but it has been reported to inhibit delayed rectifier potassium current, a voltage-gated potassium current. However, no studies have been published concerning the effect of artemisinin on ligand-gated potassium currents. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the influence of artemisinin on the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (IK.ACh), a ligand-gated potassium current, in guinea pig atrial myocytes using a patch clamp technique. Artemisinin (1 to 300 microM) inhibited I(K.ACh) induced by extracellular application of both carbachol (1 microM) and adenosine (10 microM) and that induced by intracellular loading of GTPgammaS (100 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Artemisinin inhibited carbachol-induced, adenosine-induced, and GTPgammaS-activated IK.ACh within almost the same concentration range. In left atria, artemisinin (1 to 100 microM) partially reversed the shortening of action potential duration induced by carbachol in a concentration-dependent manner. Carbachol-induced negative inotropic action in left atria was also inhibited by artemisinin (10 to 300 microM). In conclusion, we suggest that the anticholinergic action of artemisinin is mediated through inhibition of IK.ACh via inhibition of the muscarinic potassium channel and/or associated GTP-binding proteins.