今年湖北早桃货丰价宜

受去年冷冬和今春花期气候温和少雨的下面影响,湖北早桃今年各大桃区均是丰产的大年。据笔者近期从该省枣阳、随州、孝感及东西湖几大桃区销售形势来看,今年的情况不及去年好。特早熟品种春花、早霞露因果实膨大期干旱无雨和挂果偏多的影响,果个偏小（单果重普遍在８０ｇ以下）,售价较去年低０．２０元／ｋｇ（去年为 １．６０～２元／ｋｇ）,而且销售仍不畅。随后上市的玫瑰露、金华大白桃,因果实膨大的后期遇雨,果个明显大一些,售价则较高,每公斤在ｌ．６０元以上。早熟品种砂子早生、安农水蜜等品种,因着果率不高、挂果适中,…     

北京地区桃新品种

油桃、蟠桃分别是桃的一个变种，油桃因其表面光滑无毛、外观艳丽而且便于采收和食用而受到消费者喜爱。油桃虽原产我国，但由于没有重视品种改良工作，使得国内油桃始终处于野生或半野生状态，20世纪80年代以前几乎没有经济栽培。蟠桃因其果实扁平，风味香甜，多汁，可食比例高，深受我国消费者喜爱，但由于过去蟠桃品种数量有限，产量低，果实易烂顶裂核，加之品种选育工作开展较少，制约了蟠桃栽培与发展。针对上述问题，北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所近年来进行了一系列有计划的品种选育工作，共育成6个桃新品种：油桃品种瑞光18号、瑞光19号、瑞光22号，蟠桃品种瑞蟠4号、晚蜜、早美。一、品种特性1．油桃品种 （1）瑞光18号：为中熟黄肉浓红型甜油桃品种，在北京地区7月底果实成熟，果实发育期为104天左右。果实短椭圆形，果顶圆，果个大，平均单果重210g，大果重260g。果肉黄色，硬溶质，风味甜，可溶性固形物含量9.0%~12.0%。果面全面紫红色，粘核，不裂果。树势强，树姿半开张，花粉多，丰产性强，3年生树平均产量500kg/667m2，盛果期平均产量2000kg/667m2以上。该品种是目前国内突出的大果型黄肉浓红型的优良中熟甜油...     

晚熟龙眼品种（系）留树保鲜期间品质变化分析

摘 要：为了探索晚熟龙眼品种/系最佳留树期及留树期间果实品质变化情况，以‘桂明一号’和优良晚熟龙眼品系‘YY-1（越南引进）’为试验材料，研究果实成熟后留树保鲜过程中果实品质变化情况。结果显示，两个晚熟龙眼品种（系）果实成熟后14天后的落果率分别为9.27%、6.45%；果实中的葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量在果实成熟前呈增加趋势，在果实成熟时达到峰值，葡萄糖和果糖在果实成熟后一周下降较快，14天后有略微升高趋势，而蔗糖则处于一直降低趋势；总酸和Vc含量变化趋势一致，在果实成熟时达到最高，之后一周逐渐下降，在果实成熟14天后达到最高，之后迅速下降。因此，两个晚熟龙眼品种（系）的最佳留树期为14天，超过14天后果实的产量和品质明显下降。     

不同负载量对‘蜂糖李’产量和果实品质的影响

为提高‘蜂糖李’产量，改善果实品质。本研究以9年生‘蜂糖李’为试材，研究了4个负载量水平，即201~400个果实/株(T1）、401~600个/株（T2）、601~800个/株（T3）和800个/株以上（T4）对其产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明，随着负载量的增多，产量随之增加，而单果重和果实品质则降低。其中单株负载量在601~800个，果实的整齐度最佳，产量为27.76kg/株，显著高于T1和T2；T3可溶性固形物含量高达19.63%，糖酸比44.98，维生素C含量为3.32 mg?(100g﹣1)，产量和品质表现良好。合理的负载量能提高‘蜂糖李’的产量和品质，单株控果量在601~800个间最适宜。     

16个果桑品种在台州的引种试验及综合评价

为筛选出适宜台州气候环境的优质果桑品种，引进红果2号、胖果1号等16个品种，与主栽品种大10进行对比，从物候期、果实品质性状、产量等方面进行观察、比较及分析。结果表明：大10产量高、品质优，尚未发现可全面替代该品种的品种；云果1号表现较优，产量高于大10，可适量进行推广；日本甜椹、北方红作为晚熟品种可适量种植以延长鲜果供应期；滇缅、台湾果桑46c019、台湾果桑72c002、云果1号可以作为加工用果进行适量栽培。     

日本桃树新品种介绍

作者 1996年赴日留学期间对日本桃树品种选育作了考察。现就日本桃主产区推广的新品种简介如下 ,供引种时参考。1　长果 1号　由长野县果树试验场育种部用川中岛白桃和八千姬杂交而成。单果重 2 50ｇ左右 ,品质优于白凤 ,在日本冈山 7月上旬成熟 ,无花粉 ,需人工授粉。2　长果 6号　由长野县果树试验场用川中岛白桃和晓杂交育成。单果重 30 0ｇ以上 ,很少双胚果和核裂果 ,成熟期介于川中岛和白凤之间 ,产量稳定。3　御坂妃子　山梨县东八代郡御坂町的小岛傅氏发现的浅间白桃枝变品种 ,1997年 7月品种登录。花后 141～ 145天果实成熟 ,属晚熟…     

不同农药及施用方法对草莓植株和果实农残含量的影响

近年来，随着玉溪市草莓产业迅速发展，加之连年种植和设施栽培的推广，草莓病虫害发生呈逐年加重的趋势，施药量明显增多。这不但加大了果实安全以及环境污染的风险，而且严重影响草莓的声誉和市场。为提高草莓产量和品质，本文以三唑酮和二嗪磷为试材，研究浇施、喷施和遮果喷施作业对草莓植株和果实农残含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同品种草莓果实农残含量差异明显，而且植株农残含量比果实高；（2）延长采果期和遮果喷药可大幅降低草莓果实农残含量；（3）叶面喷施比根部浇施处理草莓植株和果实农残含量高，施用二嗪磷（杀虫剂）比三唑酮(杀菌剂)农残含量高。同时，提出采取塑料布遮果喷药，推广种植高抗、高降解农残品种，实施农业、物理和生物防治，培育强壮植株，调控生长环境、减少果实病虫害发生以及延缓果实成熟、加长采果间隔期等措施，可有效降低草莓果实农残含量。     

枇杷早结丰产高效栽培技术

枇杷是我国南方特产水果之一，果实正值水果最缺的春末夏初成熟，且果肉柔软多汁、营养丰富，品质上乘，深受消费者欢迎，市场潜力大。在品种结构调整中，果农适当发展枇杷生产，以增加效益。下面谈谈其关键技术。１．选用优良品种要求粒大（３０克）肉厚而甜，产量高。如...     

晚熟白肉水蜜桃新品种——秋月的选育

秋月（沪411）是以大白凤为母本，白香露为父本杂交选育而成的晚熟白桃新品种，已在上海、浙江、江苏等南方地区推广应用。于2009年通过上海市农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名。     

基于GGE双标图对苜蓿品种丰产性和稳定性综合评价

为了解不同苜蓿（Medicago sativaL.）品种在宁夏南部山区的丰产性、稳产性，以及试点的代表性和区分力，本研究利用方差分析、GGE双标图模型对区域3个不同试点的6个苜蓿品种的产量进行分析。结果表明：苜蓿产量最高的试验区是原州区彭堡镇彭堡三队，最低的是隆德县关庄乡前庄村，前者比后者高43.7%；产量最高的品种是‘甘农7号’，最低的是‘阿尔冈金’，前者比后者高44.9%；联合方差分析显示，基因型与环境互作（G×E）、环境（E）、基因型（G）对品种产量影响显著（P<0.05），其中G×E是引起苜蓿产量差异的最主要原因，它引起的变异是E的1.19倍，是G的1.58倍。利用GGE双标图模型分析可知，高产稳产的品种是‘三得利’、‘苜蓿王’；3个不同区域可划分为2个生态区，原州区头营镇徐河村和原州区彭堡镇彭堡三队为1个，隆德县关庄乡前庄村为1个；综合代表性和区分力，较理想的试点为头营镇徐河村。     

Oestrogen concentration in the peripheral plasma of maturing pullets

The concentrations of total steroid oestrogen, measured as oestradiol‐17β, in the peripheral plasma of four maturing pullets were determined by radioimmunoassay. The concentrations fluctuated but showed an overall increase to reach maximum values some 2 to 3 weeks before the first egg was laid.     

Spatial visualization of progressive states of maturing lentivirus.

Progressive states of maturing lentivirus: maedia visna virus (MVV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respectively, have been visualized by 2-D electron microscopy and by 3-D electron microscopic tomography. A major fraction of MVV and a low percentage of HIV appear as immature particles 4 to 5 days post virus infection. Upon budding the gag-precursor material is densely packed inside the external envelope. After virus release the major portion of precursors is assembled within an approximately 25 nm thick layer directly attached to the envelope. Structural maturation of the core is different for the two viruses. Pleomorphic cores are observed in mature MVV in contrast to structurally defined cores of HIV. The latter are principally cone-shaped, spanning the entire diameter of the virion with a 40 to 60 nm wide free end and an approximately 20 nm narrow end attached to the envelope with a core-envelope-link.     

早熟梨综合管理技术要点

古泉镇是宣城市宣州区“早熟梨之乡”，其早熟梨因石细胞少、汁多化渣等特点深受消费者欢迎，早在2004年5月，经过注册的“古泉”牌早熟梨就顺利通过了农业部无公害农产品质量认证，现已成为该镇主导产业之一。笔者经过多年探索，总结出—套丰产优质栽培技术，以供参考。     

葡萄三膜覆盖早熟促成栽培技术

葡萄三膜覆盖的早熟促成栽培技术，充分利用了早春的光热资源，起到了前期增温、保温与后期的促进着色和避雨等作用，在浙江应用葡萄三膜覆盖，具有防早春低温冻害、避开7、8月台风减轻危害、提早葡萄成熟的效果，本文对葡萄三膜覆盖促成栽培技术及效果进行了总结。     

An analysis of body weights and maturing patterns in western range ewes

The objectives were to determine the association of maturing patterns with growth rates and body weights and to estimate heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among these characters of sheep. Records of 1,109 range ewes from the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Red Bluff Research Ranch at Norris were analyzed. Body weight and degree of maturity of body weight at birth, weaning, 12 mo of age, 18 mo of age and maturity (body weight only), and absolute growth rate (AGR), absolute maturing rate (AMR) and relative growth rate (RGR) over various age intervals were examined. Mature weight, required to calculate degree of maturity and AMR, was estimated by the average of the fall weights taken at 42, 54, 66 and 78 mo of age. Heritability estimates were .53 +/- .12 for mature weight and from .26 to .46 for immature weights. Genetic correlations among body weights at all ages were positive and generally large between immature weights and mature weights. Heritability estimates for degree of maturity ranged from .63 +/- .12 at 12 mo of age to .19 +/- .11 at 30 mo of age, at which time maturity was being approached. Genetic correlations between degree of maturity and body weight at the same age were positive; however, degree of maturity at all ages was negatively correlated with mature weight. Animals more mature at any age or stage during growth tended to be more mature at later stages, to be lighter at maturity, and to grow faster and weigh more up to 12 mo of age. Heritability estimates for AGR, RGR and AMR were moderate to high and were similar for the same age intervals. Selection for any one of the measures of growth rate would tend to expand the shape of the growth curve toward heavier weights and lower degree of maturity for any interval.     

农业装备在早熟温州蜜柑宫川延后采收栽培上应用

利用大棚、银黑双面反光地膜、微滴灌系统等农业装备栽培早熟温州蜜柑宫川，规避柑桔寒害、冻害，调控土壤水分，提高光照效率，延后柑桔采收期至农历春节期间，柑桔不仅品质好，而且新鲜，经济效益十分可观。     

Expression of small stress protein hsp20 gene in the maturing rat testis

In this study, we cloned a cDNA that encodes a small heat shock protein, Hsp20 (alphaB crystallin-related protein), from a maturing rat testis by means of differential display. The full-length cDNA sequence was completely identical to that registered in the DNA databank. The expression of Hsp20 gene was detected strongly in the heart and slightly in the testis of a 9-week-old rat. The expression of Hsp20 increased gradually from three weeks to 9 weeks, and the strongest expression was observed in the testis at week fifteen. The expression was localized in spermatocytes and round spermatids. The gene expression was not affected by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) when it was administered into male rats during the nursling period.     

Experimental production of hemorrhagic enterotoxemia by Clostridium perfringens type C in maturing lambs.

Maturing lambs, eight to nine months old, were dosed by the intraduodenal route with various preparations of Clostridium perfringens type C. Whole cultures of this organism or cells suspended in fresh medium, both supplemented with soybean flour as a protease inhibitor, produced acute fatal hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in these animals. The latter preparation was more effective than the former in causing disease. Without the soybean supplement the inocula did not produce fatal disease. Dosing with toxic cell-free culture supernatant fluid, with or without soybean supplement, had no lethal effect. Animals that died showed severe hemorrhagic enteritis with necrosis and sloughing of the mucosal epithelium, involving jejunum, ileum and part of duodenum. These lesions were similar to those seen in natural cases of hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in neonatal animals. This experiment demonstrated that nonimmune animals are normally protected against C. perfringens type C enterotoxemia by adequate levels of pancreatic proteases in the intestine, and that factors which inhibit or reduce these enzymes predispose animals for the development of this disease.