菊花发酵乳饮料工艺优化

以菊花提取液和鲜牛奶为主要原料，杀菌后接种乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵，通过单因素与正交试验确定原料的配比、发酵条件及产品的配方。结果表明，原料最佳配比为菊花提取汁20％、蔗糖8％、鲜牛奶40％；制备该乳饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量3％、发酵时间4h、温度42℃。     

黑米发酵乳的研制

为优化黑米发酵乳的工艺条件,以黑米和乳粉为主要原料,将黑米酶解液与复原乳粉混合接入菌种后进行发酵,研制出-种集黑米和发酵乳功能为一体的黑米发酵乳.在单凶素试验基础上采用正交试验,确定黑米发酵乳的最佳配方.结果表明:黑米酶解液最佳糖化条件为糖化温度60℃、加酶量200U/g、糖化时间7h,制备黑米发酵乳的最佳工艺条件为添加5％的蔗糖、20％的酶解液、接种3％的菌种、40℃发酵4h.此工艺条件得到的产品质量优,可进一步开发利用.     

发酵型大米活性乳酸菌饮料的研制

以大米和鲜乳为主要原料生产出一种大米活性乳酸菌饮料,确定其工艺流程为：先将大米淀粉用双酶法进行酶解,酶解液煮沸后再使其与灭菌的鲜乳混合,经接种乳酸菌发酵制成大米酸乳,再与其他物料调配即可。最佳配方为：50％大米酸乳,7％蔗糖,0．4％复合稳定剂,0．15％乳化剂,0．06％柠檬酸。     

金针菇与香菇酸奶的研制

以金针菇／香菇浸提液与鲜奶混合为主要原料进行发酵制得凝固型酸奶，对其乳酸茵数进行测定，并通过正交试验，确定金针菇／香菇酸奶的最佳工艺配方。结果表明，金针菇和香菇浸提液对乳酸茵的生长具有促进作用，可明显提高乳酸茵总数，并提高产品品质。金针菇酸奶最佳工艺配方为：浸提液添加量为15％，发酵剂接种量为3％，加糖量为9％。发酵时间为4h；香菇酸奶最佳工艺配方为：浸提液添加量为10％，发酵剂接种量为3％，加糖量为9％。发酵时闻为4h。     

米曲霉固态发酵动植物蛋白生产优质蛋白饲料的工艺研究

利用米曲霉固态发酵利用率较低的动植物蛋白原料．生产优质的复合蛋白饲料。采用正交试验及单因素方差分析试验,以可溶性蛋白质含量、氨基氮含量及酶活为考察指标进行综合评定．对基础底物的配比和发酵条件进行优化。试验表明,最佳原料配方为：血粉30％、棉粕26％、羽毛粉4％、麸皮35％、玉米粉5％;硫酸铵最适添加量为1％;最佳发酵条件：初始pH为6,固液比为1．0：1．0,接种量为2％．250mL的三角瓶装量为20g,发酵时间为60h。[结论]发酵产品的可溶性蛋白含量、氨基氮含量和粗蛋白质含量比未发酵的产品分别提高82．68％、379．97％和12．91％（P〈0．05）,蛋白酶的最高酶活达到2341．83U,g。     

仙人掌酸奶的开发

以鲜牛奶和仙人掌冻干粉为主要原料,再配合其它辅料进行乳酸菌发酵,制成仙人掌酸奶,产品中最大限度地保留仙人掌的各种有效成分。通过正交试验选择出最佳配方,并探讨了生产仙人掌酸奶的工艺条件。     

蓝莓紫薯发酵乳的研制

本文以蓝莓、紫薯和牛乳为主要原料,经过乳酸菌发酵而制成蓝莓紫薯发酵乳。通过单因素和正交试验以感官评分和乳清析出率为评价指标,明确出最佳制备条件为：蓝莓添加量为8%,紫薯添加量为10%,加糖量7%,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间6 h,乳酸菌接种量3%,稳定剂（果胶）用量0.4%,此条件下得到的蓝莓紫薯发酵乳感官评定分数为92分,乳清析出率为5.6%。制得的产品酸甜可口、组织状态均匀、呈淡紫色的发酵乳。     

紫薯牛奶感官及稳定性研究

以紫薯、牛奶为主要原料制作一种紫薯牛奶,利用感官评定、粒径分布分析和近红外发射光谱的背散射光作为评价方法,研究紫薯、牛奶、白砂糖三者添加量对感官品质的影响,以及不同稳定剂对体系粒径分布和稳定性的影响。结果表明,风味最佳紫薯牛奶配比是60%新鲜牛奶、5%紫薯、4.7%白砂糖、0.2%乳化剂。不同稳定剂的添加不会改变体系内的粒径分布,但却能够改变体系内的动力学参数,在最佳配方基础上,添加0.3%复配稳定剂(55%微晶纤维素,40%变性淀粉,5%к-卡拉胶),可实现6个月货架期要求。     

发酵型大米活性乳酸菌饮料的研制

以大米和鲜乳为主要原料生产出一种大米活性乳酸菌饮料,确定其工艺流程为:先将大米淀粉用双酶法进行酶解,酶解液煮沸后再使其与灭菌的鲜乳混合,经接种乳酸菌发酵制成大米酸乳,再与其他物料调配即可.最佳配方为:50%大米酸乳,7%蔗糖,0.4%复合稳定剂,0.15%乳化荆,0.06%柠檬酸.     

紫薯椰浆复合酸奶的研发

[目的]以紫薯、椰浆和牛奶粉为主要原料研发一款营养健康美味的复合酸奶,并对其基本理化及微生物指标进行测定分析。[方法]以感官评分和滴定酸度指标为评价标准,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,筛选出紫薯和椰浆添加比例、蜂蜜添加量、发酵时间和发酵温度的最优工艺参数。[结果]在紫薯和椰浆的总添加量为160 g的条件下,复合酸奶的最优配方为：紫薯和椰浆添加比例为3:1,蜂蜜添加量60 g,发酵时间7 h,发酵温度43℃。[结论]用该配方生产的复合酸奶,各项基本理化和微生物指标均符合国家标准,综合感官评分为89.3分,酸度56.18。T,富含优质蛋白质和膳食纤维,口感爽滑,酸甜适中,黏稠度适宜,紫薯香味浓郁,有淡淡的椰香,有补脾益气、养颜美容的作用。     

富含紫薯膳食纤维奶酪的制备及发酵过程对其品质的影响

以牛乳和紫薯作为原材料,制作紫薯奶酪,并分析发酵工艺对膳食纤维含量变化的影响。通过单因素和响应面试验优化紫薯粉添加量、发酵温度与发酵时间,通过国标方法对采用最佳发酵工艺制备的紫薯奶酪中的营养成分及膳食纤维含量进行测定。结果表明：制备紫薯鲜奶酪的最优工艺参数为紫薯粉添加量4%、发酵温度42 ℃、发酵时间8 h;该条件下制成的紫薯鲜奶酪的蛋白质含量为19.79%、脂肪含量15.62%、水分含量46.75%、霉菌总数2.97 CFU/g、滴定酸度78.03 °T,均符合国家标准,膳食纤维含量为0.106 mg/     

紫甘薯乳酸发酵醪体外抗氧化性研究

测定5种乳酸发酵醪和紫甘薯醋的总抗氧化能力和对二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基清除率,结果表明紫:甘薯乳酸发酵后抗氧化能力轻微增强,总抗氧化能力达200.18mg/mL,添加量为100μL时对DPPH自由基清除率达96.99%,与紫甘薯醋抗氧化能力相当。5种乳酸发酵醪中,紫甘薯乳酸发酵醪抗氧化能力最强。     

紫甘薯乳酸发酵醪体外抗氧化性研究

测定5种乳酸发酵醪和紫甘薯醋的总抗氧化能力和对二苯代苦昧酰基（DPPH）自由基清除率,结果表明紫：甘薯乳酸发酵后抗氧化能力轻微增强,总抗氧化能力达200．18mg／mL,添加量为100μL时对DPPH自由基清除率达96．99％,与紫甘薯醋抗氧化能力相当。5种乳酸发酵醪中,紫甘薯乳酸发酵醪抗氧化能力最强。     

Adding sweet potato vines improve the quality of rice straw silage

Rice straw and sweet potato vines are the main by‐products of agricultural crops, and their disposal creates problems for the environment in the south of China. In order to establish an easy method for making rice straw silage successfully, experiments were conduct to evaluate fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw silages ensiled with or without sweet potato vine. Paddy rice straw (PR) and upland rice straw (UP) were ensiled alone or with sweet potato vines (SP) by a ratio of 1:1 (fresh matter basis), over 3 years. Compared with rice straw silages ensiled alone, the mixed‐material silages (PR + SP, UR + SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower propionic acid content and NH₃‐N ratio of total N, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, resulting in decrease (P < 0.05) of dry matter loss and higher (P < 0.05) in vitro ruminal dry matter digestion. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were considered, ensiling would be an effective way of utilization of rice straw and sweet potato vines in the regions where rice and sweet potato are harvested at same season, and the sweet potato vines have the potential to improve rice straw fermentation quality with low water soluble carbohydrate content in south of China.     

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed a diet based on treated rice straw and supplemented with pelleted sweet potato vines

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sweet potato vine pellet (SWEPP) in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw. Three multiparous Holstein crossbred cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned according to a 3?×?3 Latin square design, and the treatments were as follows: T1 = control (no supplementation), T2 = supplementation of sweet potato vine pellet with 50 g/kg urea (SWEPP I) at 300 g/head/day, and T3 = supplementation of sweet potato pellet with 100 g/kg urea (SWEPP II) at 300 g/head/day, in concentrate diets, respectively. The result revealed that supplementation of SWEPP did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, and blood urea nitrogen (P?>?0.05). However, apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher in SWEPP II than those in others. Furthermore, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and milk yield were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in animals fed with SWEPP II than those fed with SWEPP I and control, respectively. In addition, there were no differences in purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen supply among all the treatments. Based on this study, it could be concluded that SWEPP is a good source of supplement which resulted in significant improvement in apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk yield in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw.     

正交试验优化清汁红枣乳酸饮料工艺

以红枣为原料进行乳酸发酵,生产具有红枣和乳酸发酵特有风味与营养功能的红枣乳酸饮料.通过单因素试验和正交试验确定红枣乳酸发酵最佳工艺条件为:菌种保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌的复合比2∶1、发酵时间1d、发酵温度38℃、复合菌剂接入量6％、牛奶添加量3mL/100mL、葡萄糖添加量0.5g/100mL,产酸量达7.5g/L.饮料调配最佳工艺条件为100mL饮料中添加红蔗糖2g、白蔗糖5g、NaCl 20mg,乳酸含量为0.5g.对4种乳酸发酵醪抗氧化功能分析发现次等红枣发酵醪在清除DPPH自由基和总抗氧化能力方面与优质红枣发酵醪相当,而高于苹果汁、红心红薯2种发酵醪.     

甘草风味发酵乳的研制

[目的]以复原乳为原料,利用甘草提取液、瑞士乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌,发酵制备风味发酵乳。[方法]通过单因素试验,研究甘草液添加量、白糖添加量和发酵时间对试验产品感官品质影响。利用正交试验,设计甘草风味发酵乳的最佳工艺参数。[结果]甘草风味发酵乳的最佳发酵条件：接种量3%,甘草提取液添加量20%,白砂糖添加量6%,42℃发酵6 h。发酵乳风味良好,凝乳状态均匀,有较好的15天贮藏期稳定性,有较好感官品质,保持活菌数在6.5×108 CFU/mL以上。[结论]本文经过试验研制新口味发酵乳,拓宽发酵乳市场,满足消费者需求。