食品动物禁用兽药及非法添加物简介

1 食品动物禁用的兽药 1．1 禁用于所有食品动物的兽药 兴奋剂类：克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、西马特罗及其盐、酯及制剂;性激素类：己烯雌酚及其盐、酯及制剂;具有雌激素样作用的物质：玉米赤霉醇、去甲雄三烯醇酮、醋酸甲孕酮及制剂;氯霉素及其盐、酯（包括琥珀氯霉素）及制剂;氨苯砜及制剂;硝基呋喃类：呋喃西林和呋喃妥因及其盐、酯及制剂;呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃苯烯酸钠及制剂;硝基化合物：硝基酚钠、硝呋烯腙及制剂;催眠、镇静类：安眠酮及制剂;硝基咪唑类：替硝唑及其盐、酯及制剂;喹嗯啉类：卡巴氧及其盐、酯及制剂：抗生素类：万古霉素及其盐、酯及制剂。     

13类涉及农产品将制定出新的国家标准

从国家质检总局获悉,13类涉及农产品、生产工艺及环境要求等将有全新的国家标准。这些标准分别涉及:有机农产品粮食、油料、食用植物油、水果、畜禽肉及其初加工制品、蛋及其初加工制品、乳及其初加工制品、茶叶、茶叶分级标签、食用菌及其初加工制品、糖料作物产品、茶用香花。绿色农产品粮食、粮食制品、油料、食用植物油、水果、水果包装储运标志、畜禽肉及其初加工制品、蛋及其初加工制品、乳及其初加工制品、茶叶、茶叶包装储运标志、茶叶分级标签、食用菌及其制品包装储运标志、食用菌及其初加工制品、糖料作物产品、蜂产品、审查认可…     

腐植酸及其钠盐在养猪生产中的研究进展

介绍了腐植酸及其钠盐的抗炎、抗病毒、促进有益菌、抑制有害菌、免疫调节等的作用机理;讨论了腐植酸及其钠盐在养猪生产中猪各个生长阶段的研究结果;展望腐植酸及其钠盐在养猪生产中的发展前景。     

饲料防霉剂及其应用

介绍了饲料防霉剂的作用机理,简述了饲料防霉剂如丙酸及其盐、山梨酸及其盐、苯甲酸及其钠盐、脱氧乙酸、富马酸二甲酯、双乙酸钠等的特性,并指出了其在应用中注意的问题,以期为防霉剂的生产、选用提供参考。     

农业部公布《食用动物禁用的兽药及其它化合物清单》

农业部公布,有21类近40个品种的原料药及其单方、复方制剂产品于2002年4月15日一律停止使用。序号123456789101112131415161718192021兽药及其化合物名称β-兴奋剂类:克仑特罗Clenbuterol、沙丁胺醇Salbutamol、西马特罗Cimaterol及其盐、脂及制剂性激素类:已烯雌酚Diethylstilbestrol及其盐、脂及制剂具有雌激素样作用的物质:玉米赤霉醇Zeranol、去甲雄三烯醇酮Trenbolone、醋酸甲孕酮Mengestrol Acetate及制剂氯霉素Chloramphenicol succi-nate、及其盐、脂(包括琥珀氯霉素)及制剂氨苯矾Dapsone及制剂硝基呋喃类:呋喃唑酮Furazolidon…     

肠道菌群及其功能代谢物对脂肪代谢及肌内脂肪沉积影响的研究进展

肌内脂肪含量是影响肉品质的重要因素之一,其含量与肌肉的嫩度和风味密切相关。大量研究表明,肠道菌群及其功能代谢物,如短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、脂多糖、三甲胺类、色氨酸及其衍生物等影响宿主脂肪代谢。本文对肠道菌群及其产生的功能代谢物对脂肪代谢及肌内脂肪沉积的影响及其机制进行了综述,为通过营养调控提高肌内脂肪含量、改善动物肉品质提供新的研究思路。     

浅析电气工程及其自动化专业实践教学的探索与思考

随着现在社会对自动化的需求越来越多,对电气工程及其自动化专业的人才需求也逐步提升,为了培养更多的电气工程及其自动化专业人才,本文对电机工程及其自动化专业教学的现状、构建实验教学保障体、加强实践教学的计划、开展多渠道、多层次的实践教学给出了详细的分析。     

利用废次烟叶渣提取高纯度烟碱新工艺

本文详述了利用废次烟叶渣提取天然烟碱及其高纯品的新工艺的特点、化学原理、经济价值、各步工艺条件及其操作方法、注意事项等。     

饲粮淀粉消化与代谢机制研究进展

淀粉是畜禽能量的主要来源。研究动物体内淀粉消化及其相关的代谢机制对生产实践有着相当重要的意义。本文阐述了淀粉的特性、结构及其组成、加工工艺对畜禽淀粉消化率的影响,并简要综述了淀粉在动物体内的消化特点及其代谢机制。     

动物防疫监督中存在的问题及建议

近年来,随着动物及其产品流通贸易的发展,动物及其产品跨区域活动十分频繁,为便于动物及其产品、所有人、来源、去向、检疫出证人等在运输、经营过程中的监督检查,动物防疫监督机构对检疫的动物及其产品要依法做出处理,而处理的方式之一就是对检疫合格的动物及其产品出具检疫证明。现将动物防疫监督中发现的问题作一综述:     

轮状病毒转基因植物疫苗的研究进展

轮状病毒病是引起人和动物肠胃炎的一种传染病,发病率和死亡率较高,至今没有特效药可以治疗,传统疫苗预防效果不佳。随着生物技术的不断发展,一种新型的转基因植物疫苗有望解决这个难题。人类和动物食用了这种转基因植物之后,就可以获得抗体,产生免疫力,以预防此病。     

口蹄疫转基因植物疫苗研究进展

口蹄疫是国际社会广泛关注的严重动物传染病之一,其控制措施主要是疫苗免疫。传统疫苗在该病的防控中起了重要的作用,但是其弊端也不容忽视,研制新型的口蹄疫疫苗是今后的发展方向。近几年来,随着生物技术的发展,可饲疫苗由于其具备的诸多优点而成为国内外研究的热点,口蹄疫转基因植物疫苗的研究在国内外也已经开始,并取得了一定的成果,期望易感动物食用此转基因植物后产生免疫力,达到预防口蹄疫的目的。文章综述了国内外口蹄疫转基因植物疫苗研究的成果。     

猪轮状病毒的分子流行病学研究进展

轮状病毒是引起儿童和幼龄动物急性胃肠炎的主要病因之一,在世界范围内广泛存在,是一种重要的人兽共患病病原。猪轮状病毒是引起哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪急性胃肠炎的主要病原之一,有复杂的病原流行病学特征和遗传多样性。目前尚无针对该病的有效治疗药物,疫苗接种仍是防控该病的主要措施。掌握猪轮状病毒的分子流行动态,可对诊断猪轮状病毒病和新型疫苗的研究提供科学依据。论文对猪轮状病毒的病原和分子流行病学调查结果进行了综述,旨在阐述不同地理区域中猪轮状病毒的流行特点,为进一步开展猪轮状病毒病原研究及后期疫苗和药物的研制提供参考。     

Detection of Human Rotavirus in Faeces from Diarrhoeic Calves in North-east Nigeria

Information on the epidemiology of rotavirus in any particular area is necessary for vaccine development against the disease caused by the virus. This study presents preliminary information on the prevalence of human rotavirus in diarrhoeic calves in North-east Nigeria. Faecal samples from 188 diarrhoeic calves in various farms in North-east Nigeria, obtained between November 1998 and February 1999, were analysed by ELISA for the presence of rotaviruses. A prevalence rate of 3.2% was recorded, with the virus being prevalent among calves aged 29–56 days (p<0.05). The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the close association between the herdsmen and their animals and the sharing of a common source of drinking water in the predominantly livestock-producing communities of North-east Nigeria.     

A new polyvalent vaccine against enteral infections in newborn calves

The most frequent microbial causative agents of massive diarrheas in new-born calves kept on large cattle farms in the CSSR are rotaviruses, coronaviruses and enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli, manifesting themselves as complicated virus-bacterial infections. An inactivated polyvalent adjuvant vaccine has been developed for the prevention and specific prophylaxis of these enteral infections; the vaccine contains bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus and three enterotoxigenic serotypes of E. coli with protective antigen K 99. The rotavirus and coronavirus are propagated on the stable cellular line MDBK and inactivated with 0.2% formalin, the Escherichia strains are submersed in the MINCA culture medium during their cultivation and inactivated with 0.5% formalin. The vaccine was prepared as a blend of the same amounts of rotavirus and coronavirus and of such an amount of bacterin so that 1 ml of the vaccine will contain 10(9) bacteria. One part of oil adjuvant was added to five parts of the virus-bacterial blend and the blend was homogenized in the Ultraturax apparatus. The vaccine is to be used for immunization of pregnant cows and heifers; in these animals it induces the production of specific antibodies to all antigens contained in the vaccine. Its immunogenic effects were checked in 32 calves and 38 cows in the herds with the occurrence of diarrheas caused by both enteropathogenic viruses and enterotoxigenic escherichia. It was demonstrated that the inactivation did not influence in either of the viruses the process of inducing the production of specific antibodies, and the antibody response of the calves and heifers after application of 2 ml of complete inactivated vaccine was equally strong as after application of live vaccine containing only rotavirus and coronavirus. The level of the rotavirus antibodies increased on the average 30 times and 200 times, coronavirus antibodies twice and four times. The antibody response to coronavirus was negatively influenced by the relatively high levels of antibodies before vaccination. The antibody response to antigen K 99 was expressive in all cases.     

仔猪轮状病毒性腹泻的研究进展

仔猪轮状病毒性腹泻是由猪轮状病毒引起的急性肠道传染病,是危害养猪业的主要疾病之一。猪轮状病毒是一种条件性病原,一般情况下呈隐性感染,当环境因素发生变化、免疫力下降时可暴发。目前尚无有效治疗药物,预防该病的有效方法是加强饲养管理和有效疫苗接种。研制新一代高效、廉价疫苗是重要的研究方向。掌握仔猪轮状病毒性腹泻的动态变化和影响因素,可为其诊断以及疫苗的研制提供科学依据,并为该病发展趋势的科学预测提供数据和信息支持。文章综述了引起仔猪腹泻的猪轮状病毒的分群和分型、培养特性、流行病学、预防治疗及疫苗研制的现状。     

Immune response of pregnant heifers and cows to bovine rotavirus inoculation and passive protection to rotavirus infection in newborn calves fed colostral antibodies or colostral lymphocytes

The efficacy of an adjuvanted bovine rotavirus vaccine in pregnant cattle (15 heifers and 2 cows) was studied. Each of 4 animals was inoculated IM at 8, 5, and 2 weeks before parturition with a water-in-oil emulsion containing live purified bovine rotavirus, mineral oil, and a mannide oleate compound. Four other animals were treated identically, except that muramyl dipeptide was added to the virus preparation. Five additional animals were inoculated orally at the same time intervals with adjuvant-free viral suspension, and 4 other pregnant animals inoculated only with buffer served as uninoculated controls. Kinetic studies of the specific immune responses were determined by quantification of the rotavirus-neutralizing antibodies and by a rotavirus lymphocyte stimulation test in vitro. Results showed that only the emulsions induced marked enhancement of rotavirus antibody titers in the serum, colostrum, and milk of inoculated cows. Colostral and milk lymphocytes isolated from these cows had a positive in vitro proliferative response to rotavirus stimulation, which lasted at least 21 days after parturition. The values of the stimulation index obtained with the colostral/milk lymphocytes were higher than those of the blood lymphocytes, reflecting increased lymphocyte activity in the colostrum/milk. However, addition of muramyl dipeptide to the emulsion preparation did not exert any potentiating effect on the immune response to rotavirus. Calves fed for the first 5 days after birth with a rotavirus-immune cell-free colostrum supplement were protected from a rotavirus challenge exposure on the third day after birth. Virus was not detectable in their feces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

轮状病毒分子生物学研究进展

轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)是引起婴幼儿和多种幼龄动物非细菌性腹泻病的主要病原之一,全世界每年因该病所引起人和动物死亡数量众多,并造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,世界卫生组织呼吁将RV疫苗的研制列为最优先发展的疫苗项目之一。对RV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,旨在为更好地开展轮状病毒相关基因的实验室研究提供基础。     

Further studies on passive immunization of newborn calves against rotaviral infection

An inactivated rotavirus vaccine was prepared with an adjuvant which gives a water-in-oil emulsion. The vaccine when injected into cows in their last month of pregnancy, proved to be as effective as the traditional vaccine, prepared with the Freud's incomplete adjuvant, in enhancing the lactogenic immunity. Thus, feeding experimentally infected calves with colostrum and first milk from vaccinated cows prevented diarrhea and reduced significantly rotavirus shedding. Because of its low grade viscosity the water-in-oil emulsifier facilitates inoculation of the vaccine and is therefore recommended as an adjuvant in the preparation of inactivated rotavirus vaccine.     

口蹄疫转基因植物可饲疫苗研究进展

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒引起的一种急性热性高度接触性传染病,给畜牧业造成极大的经济损失,疫苗是预防和控制该病的有效方法。近年来,转基因植物可饲疫苗由于其易于生产、成本低廉、使用方便和安全等诸多的优点成为口蹄疫新型疫苗的研究热点。文章综述了口蹄疫转基因植物可饲疫苗的研究现状,介绍了其原理和方法,分析了其优缺点和改进方法,并对其应用前景进行了展望。