卵丘细胞与卵母细胞解离对小鼠卵子体外成熟及受精的影响

卵丘细胞与卵母细胞的解离会降低小鼠卵母细胞的成熟质量,该研究将解离所得裸卵用不同种成分明确的成熟培养液进行体外成熟、体外受精、体外发育,从而确定卵丘细胞与卵母细胞的解离对小鼠卵母细胞成熟、受精、发育的影响,并通过筛选建立起最优的试验体系,为去除卵丘细胞的卵母细胞体外成熟质量的提高及后续研究提供参考依据。结果显示,裸卵的成熟率与成熟培养液的选择密切相关,TYH组、HTF组极显著优于M199组、α-MEM组;卵丘细胞与卵母细胞的解离与否对受精率的影响是巨大的,解离后(10%～28%)与解离前(48%～76%)差异极为显著(P<0.01);卵丘细胞与卵母细胞的解离与否对发育率的影响未发现显著差别(P>0.05)。因此,卵丘细胞与卵母细胞的解离主要影响了小鼠卵母细胞的体外受精率,通过选用适当的培养液可以相对改善该情况。     

牛卵丘细胞对卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌发育的影响

试验以牛卵泡内卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)为材料,探讨了牛卵丘细胞包裹程度对卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)和孤雌胚胎(PAEs)发育的影响。试验1,将COCs随机分为2组,在开展IVM前,将其中一组COCs的卵丘细胞机械吹打去除成为机械裸卵(DOs),研究卵丘细胞层存在与否对卵母细胞体外核成熟(排出第一极体)和孤雌激活后发育能力的影响;试验2,根据COCs卵丘细胞包裹层数将COCs分为3组,即卵丘细胞层少(1～4层)的COCs为A组、卵丘细胞层多(5层以上)的COCs为B组及包裹5层以上卵丘细胞且附带卵泡壁颗粒细胞层(FSP)的COCs为C组,研究卵丘细胞层包裹程度对卵母细胞的体外核成熟和孤雌激活后胚胎发育能力的影响。结果表明:卵丘细胞的存在更有利于卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌胚胎发育;COCs中卵丘细胞包裹层数对卵母细胞体外核成熟率没有显著影响,但包裹卵丘细胞层数多且附带FSP的卵母细胞,其PAEs的囊胚率显著高于包裹卵丘细胞少的卵母细胞PAEs。     

甘氨酸对猪卵母细胞体外成熟质量及卵丘细胞的影响

本实验旨在研究甘氨酸对卵丘细胞及卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响,优化猪卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)培养体系。在猪卵母细胞体外成熟培养液中添加6 mmol/L甘氨酸,体外培养至44 h后,通过倒置显微镜测量卵丘细胞扩散直径,结合流式细胞术与qPCR检测卵丘细胞凋亡情况;进一步检测成熟卵母细胞中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、细胞成熟促进因子(MPF)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)水平及细胞成熟相关基因表达。结果表明:甘氨酸能显著提高卵丘细胞扩散直径,减少卵丘细胞的总凋亡率,并能显著提高卵丘细胞中Bcl-2的mRNA表达;甘氨酸能显著增加成熟卵母细胞中的GSH、MPF和MAPK水平以及成熟相关基因BMP15、GDF9、CyclinB1、CDK1、C-MOS的mRNA表达。综上可知,甘氨酸可提高猪卵母细胞体外成熟质量,降低卵丘细胞凋亡率。     

水牛卵丘细胞和颗粒细胞单层对卵母细胞体外受精及其胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探讨卵丘细胞对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及颗粒细胞单层对水牛体外胚胎发育的影响。[方法]①按卵母细胞有无卵丘细胞情况分为五个组：即自然裸卵组（Ⅰ组）、自然裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅱ组）、人为裸卵＋卵丘细胞共成熟组（Ⅲ组）、AB级卵母细胞成熟后去除卵丘细胞受精组（Ⅳ组）、AB级卵母细胞对照组（Ⅴ组）分别进行体...     

卵丘细胞对辽宁绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌发育的影响

为了进一步探索辽宁绒山羊卵母细胞体外成熟的方法,本试验以屠宰场绒山羊卵巢为材料,采用抽吸法收集直径大于2 mm卵泡的卵母细胞,研究卵丘细胞对卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌发育的影响。试验1,将一部分COCs经机械吹打脱除卵丘细胞成为机械裸卵(DOs),然后以4种方式培养,即COCs单独培养、DOs与COCs共培养(DOs(COCs))、DOs与卵丘颗粒细胞共培养(DOs(CCs)),以及DOs单独培养。试验2,根据包裹卵母细胞的卵丘细胞的完整性分为3组,有3层卵丘细胞紧密包围的卵母细胞复合体COCs3,有1-3层卵丘细胞包围的卵母细胞COCs1-3,无卵丘细胞包围的裸露卵母细胞NOs,3组各自单独培养。结果表明:COCs组的成熟率、孤雌卵裂率和囊胚率最高,分别为83.25%、41.75%和29.25%,卵丘细胞的存在有利于卵母细胞体外成熟和随后的发育,COCs3组成熟率、孤雌卵裂率和囊胚率分别为83.25%、42.50%和29.75%,显著高于COCs1-3和NOs组,卵丘细胞的完整性也影响着卵母细胞的体外发育,自然裸卵已失去体外发育能力。     

影响哺乳动物卵母细胞体外成熟的主要因素

卵母细胞体外成熟培养技术是哺乳动物体外受精技术的重要环节之一,是应用促性腺激素和类固醇激素在体外模拟卵泡的环境,进而诱发卵母细胞成熟的一项生物技术。主要影响因素如下:1卵母细胞类型在卵母细胞体外成熟研究中,一般根据卵母细胞周围包绕卵丘细胞的情况,分为四种类型,A类:由致密多层卵丘细胞包裹的卵母细胞;B类:卵丘细胞层不完全的卵母细胞;C类:完全裸露的卵子;D类:卵丘细胞呈蜘蛛网状附着的卵母细胞。即包绕三层以上紧密卵丘细胞的卵母细胞为第一类;三层以下的为第二类;卵丘细胞扩展而疏松,卵母细胞卵质无斑块的为第三类;无卵丘细…     

卵丘细胞对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响

为探讨表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)的添加浓度及脱卵丘细胞时间对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响.试验通过在体外成熟液中添加不同浓度(0、10、15、20、30、40 ng/mL)的EGF来研究其对培养44 h的卵母细胞成熟率以及孤雌胚胎发育的影响;在培养开始后的不同时间(18、24、38、44 h)进行脱卵丘细胞处理来研究不同时间脱卵丘处理对培养44 h的卵母细胞成熟率以及孤雌胚胎发育的影响.结果表明,成熟培养基中添加10 ng/mL EGF能显著提高卵母细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率(P <0.05).共培组和独培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞成熟率均低于44 h,但差异不显著(P >0.05);共培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞的卵裂率和囊胚率显著高于培养44 h(P <0.05);独培组卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞的卵裂率与44 h无显著差异(P >0.05),但囊胚率显著高于培养44 h后脱卵丘细胞(P <0.05).添加10 ng/mL EGF对猪卵母细胞体外成熟及孤雌胚胎体外发育较好;卵母细胞培养18 h后脱卵丘细胞可提高孤雌胚胎早期发育能力.     

间隙连接对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

该试验通过对牛卵母细胞不同形式的处理,讨论细胞间隙连接对于其体外成熟的影响作用.在最适于卵母细胞体外成熟的浓度(1.2 IU/mL)条件下,发现卵母--卵丘细胞之间的间隙连接对卵母细胞的成熟有着直接的影响,并且是体外成熟的一个有利条件.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

本试验主要探讨了促性腺激素(FSH LH)和17-β-雌二醇(E_2)对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的作用以及卵丘细胞群状态与卵核成熟之间的关系.结果表明:FSH LH对猪卵母细胞的卵丘扩展和核成熟有明显的促进作用,17-β-雌二醇不影响卵丘细胞群的扩展,但能促进卵母细胞的核成熟.卵丘扩展的A、B、C级卵母细胞,其核发育到中期Ⅱ的比例分别为93.75%、83.58%、63.64%,卵丘未扩展的卵母细胞,其核发育到中期Ⅱ阶段的比例极低.     

无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞体外成熟方法的初步探讨

主要探讨无卵丘水牛卵母细胞体外成熟的可行性,以便为研究卵母细胞成熟机理提供模型。无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞随机分为5组,然后分别进行直接成熟培养（M1）,与卵丘细胞单层共培养（M2）,用未扩展的卵丘细胞块包围培养（M3）,与扩展的卵丘细胞团共培养（M4）和用卵巢组织包围培养（M5）。无卵丘的水牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养24 h后检查第一极体（PB1）排出率,随后对这些卵母细胞进行孤雌激活,评定其成熟质量。结果发现,M4组的第一极体排出率明显高于M1组和M5组,其它各组间没有显著差异（P〉0.05）;M5组的孤雌激活卵裂率显著低于M1组和M4组（P〈0.05）,而与M2组和M3组没有显著差异（P〉0.05）,但M3和M4两组的囊胚发育率显著高于M1组和M5组（P〈0.05）。这些研究结果表明：（1）未扩展卵丘细胞包围法和扩展卵丘细胞团支撑法可促进无卵丘水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟,但与卵丘细胞单层共培养没有作用;（2）卵巢组织包围培养不利于水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟。     

Role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 during porcine oocyte maturation

Previous our studies have shown that CD44, the principal receptor for hyaluronan, is present on cumulus cells during oocyte maturation. Although hyaluronan-CD44 interaction has been implicated in cumulus expansion and/or oocyte maturation, the full significance of CD44 remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to further investigate the role of CD44 in cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in pigs. We demonstrate here in that CD44 has a key role in oocyte maturation but not in cumulus expansion. Previous studies have reported the physiological significance of cumulus expansion in oocyte maturation. However, our results suggest that cumulus expansion is a necessary condition for oocyte maturation, but that it is not sufficient on its own. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that the CD44 of the in vitro-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) had a larger molecular weight and more terminal sialic acid, which has been proven to inhibit the hyaluronan-binding ability of the receptor, than the CD44 of the in vivo-matured COCs, indicating that the hyaluronan-CD44 interactions during in vitro maturation might be insufficient compared with those in vivo. The insufficient interactions of hyaluronan-CD44 during in vitro maturation may cause the inferior capacity of fertilization and development of oocytes matured in vitro.     

生长激素对体外培养猪COCs影响的研究

研究了生长激素对猪COCs体外成熟过程中卵丘细胞扩展、卵丘细胞凋亡、卵母成熟及孤雌激活后卵裂的影响。结果表明:生长激素(STH)能够促进卵丘细胞扩展,抑制卵丘细胞凋亡,对卵母细胞的成熟和激活后卵裂呈现双重效应。在猪COCs培养液中添加0.15μg/mL STH成熟率(73.83%±1.80%)和卵裂率(64.76%±2.84%)显著高于对照组(mNCSU-23+PMSG(10IU/mL)+hCG(10 IU/mL))及添加0.01、0.05、0.1、2μg/mL STH组(P<0.05),在本实验中为猪卵母细胞体外成熟的最佳条件。     

卵丘细胞对卵母细胞IVM及分子机制的研究进展

卵母细胞的成熟是当前胚胎工程及相关动物生物技术的基础及重要环节,对体外受精、转基因、胚胎克隆以及相关生物技术的发展具有重要的意义,本文主要将卵母细胞体外成熟的分子机制、卵丘细胞对卵母细胞成熟影响因素、目前取得成果以及存在的问题等方面进行归纳总结,为进一步的研究提供理论依据。     

Steroidogenesis and the influence of MAPK activity during in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus oocyte complexes

The aim of this study was to investigate steroidogenesis within porcine cumulus oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation and to examine the possible influence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Porcine cumulus oocyte complexes were matured in vitro with and without the MAPK kinase inhibitor U0126 for 0, 5, 26 and 46 h. The 17β-estradiol and progesterone concentration in the culture medium were then determined. In addition, the mRNA levels of StAR, Cyp11A1, 3β-HSD and Cyp19A1 in cumulus cells were analysed by RT-PCR. Using an immunoblot, the MAPK phosphorylation in cumulus cells and oocytes was examined. During the first 26 h of in vitro maturation, 17β-estradiol secretion was predominant, whereas, after a culture period of 46 h, the progesterone secretion decreased conspicuously. Under the influence of U0126, the secretion of 17β-estradiol increased progressively during the complete maturation period, while progesterone secretion was completely inhibited. The mRNA levels of StAR and Cyp11A1 were not altered by U0126; however, corresponding to the hormone secretion, the gene expression of Cyp19A1 was up-regulated and the expression of 3β-HSD down-regulated. The results suggested an influence of the MAPK on steroidogenesis in cumulus cells comparable to a luteinization factor. Hormone synthesis in cumulus cells during oocyte maturation seems to be regulated by altering expression of Cyp19A1 and 3β-HSD.     

Cumulus Expansion, in vitro Fertilization and Embryonic Development after in vitro Maturation of Bovine Oocytes in the Presence of Follicle Stimulating or Luteinizing Hormone

Contents: Bovine follicular oocytes were matured and fertilize din vitro. The frequency of penetration and subsequent embryonic development were improved considerably, for oocytes cultured in larger volumes allowing larger oocyte groups as compared to the culture of 2 oocytes within 30 μl drops. The effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), present during in vitro maturation, were studied in terms of cumulus expansion, oocyte penetration, male pronucleus formation and embryonic development. Cumulus expansion including mucification was induced by both hormones. Scanning electron microgfaphs revealed that storage of LH as a frozen solution over a long time period (10 months), destroyed its ability to stimulate cumulus mucification, whereas uncoupling of the cumulus cell processes still occurred. LH caused an increase in the percentage of penetrated oocytes with incomplete sperm head decondensation. This effect was also lost after long term storage. Teh resulting total penetration frequency as well as the proportion of oocytes with both pronuclei formed was now similar to that observed with oocytes matured with fresh LH or FSH. Embryonic development was not altered by the replacement of FSH by LH during in vitro maturation .     

牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精技术的研究进展

论述牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精的最新研究进展，包括卵丘卵母细胞复合体、卵母细胞的体内、体外成熟，以及体内、体外的异常成熟和卵母细胞的体外成熟方法，无蛋白质、无血清系统的限定性培养液的研究进展，卵母细胞体外成熟状态与标志的某些理论上的突破；体外受精中精子供体的选择、精子活力和正常形态的选择、冷冻解冻精液的体外获能、精子的体外受精力，以及体外的异常受精；还论述了牛卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精技术在家畜育种和胚胎克隆等方面的应用前景     

Influence of the cumulus and gonadotropins on the metabolic profile of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation

The aim of this work was to examine the influence of the cumulus and gonadotropins on the metabolic profile of porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) during in vitro maturation. Immature COCs were assigned to morphological classes A(1) (with a dense cumulus), A(2) (with a translucent cumulus), B(1) (with the corona radiata), B(2) (with only some remaining cumulus cells) and matured with or without gonadotropins. Glycolysis and ammonia production were higher in the A class COCs; gonadotropins increased both, especially in the A(1) COCs (p?相似文献   

A new three-dimensional glass scaffold increases the in vitro maturation efficiency of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocyte via remodelling the extracellular matrix and cell connection of cumulus cells

At present, many three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been reported, improving the oocyte quality of in vitro maturation (IVM), yet the mechanism still needs to be further explored. Here we examined the effects of a new self-made 3D glass scaffold on buffalo oocyte maturation; meanwhile, the underlying mechanism on buffalo oocyte maturation was also detected. Compared to the two-dimensional (2D) glass dish culture, results revealed that the 3D culture can improve the first polar body rate of oocytes, subsequent cleavage and blastocysts rate of parthenogenetic activation embryos (p < .05). The extracellular matrix-related proteins COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1, FN and cell connection-related proteins N-cadherin, E-cadherin, GJA1 were found higher in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Moreover, in cumulus cells, proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway reported being regulated by FN and E-cadherin including PI3K P85 and p-AKT were also higher in 3D culture. Furthermore, proapoptosis proteins P53, BAX, caspase-3 were lower in both cumulus cells and oocytes in 3D culture, while proteins PCNA and BCL2 showed the opposite result. Results also showed that the apoptosis was inhibited, and the proliferation was enhanced in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Finally, the cumulus expansion-related genes HAS2, CD44, HMMR, PTX3, PTGS2 were found higher in cumulus cells of 3D culture. Taken together, the 3D culture could promote oocyte maturation by regulating proteins correlated with the ECM, cell connection and PI3K/AKT pathway, inhibiting the apoptosis of cumulus cells and oocytes, enhancing the proliferation of cumulus cells and the cumulus expansion.     

胰岛素对犬卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

研究不同浓度胰岛素及不同培养时间对犬卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响,为改善犬卵母细胞体外培养体系提供参考,采用切割法收集卵巢表面卵丘—卵母细胞复合体(cumulus oocyte complexes, COCs),在含有0.6%葡萄糖的TCM199中添加不同浓度的胰岛素（0、3、6、9 IU/mL）,38.5 ℃、5% CO₂培养箱内成熟培养,观察卵丘扩散程度,剥离卵丘细胞获得裸卵后,室温下固定15 min;Hoechst 33342染色,压片,荧光显微镜下观察核形态,用SPSS 14.0软件统计试验数据。不同浓度胰岛素培养48 h后,各组卵丘细胞扩散效果都不明显;卵母细胞核成熟期没有达到减数分裂中期（MⅡ）,但是6 IU/mL胰岛素组生发泡破裂期（GVBD）比率（35.88%±14.63%）显著高于对照组（11.25%±9.75%）;6 IU/mL胰岛素组延长培养时间至72和96 h后,MⅠ-MⅡ期卵母细胞成熟率分别为13.33%±1.5%、20.8%±1.9%。以上结果表明,犬体外成熟培养基中添加胰岛素既没有提高犬卵母细胞核成熟到MⅡ期,也没有改善犬卵母细胞卵丘扩散效果。但是,在6 IU/mL浓度下延长培养时间,相对增加了成熟率。