山羊心脏淋巴系的研究

在４０例山羊心外膜下多点注入３０％普鲁士蓝氯仿溶液，解剖观察心脏淋巴管及其淋巴流向；选择注射较好的心脏标本制成透明铺片，镜下观察测定淋巴管管径，并摄影记录。结果表明，山羊心脏的毛细淋巴管起自一盲端，并吻合成淋巴管丛，淋巴管有瓣膜，粗细不均。三级淋巴管汇入锥旁室间沟或冠状沟附近的四级淋巴管。四级淋巴管汇合成淋巴干，山羊心脏的淋巴干分２种类型，即双干型与单干型。淋巴干一般注入气管支气管左淋巴结，有时右淋巴干直接注入胸导管。心房壁薄，淋巴管比心室少而细     

猪喘气病流行病学和流行特点

猪喘气病是猪肺炎支原体引起的一种猪的慢性呼吸道传染病。主要症状是咳嗽和气喘。主要病理变化发生在胸腔内,肺畦是病变的主要器官,以融合性支气管肺炎为病变特征。急性病例以肺水肿和肺气肿为主,慢性病例以肺脏尖叶、心叶、中间叶和膈叶前缘呈“肉样”或“虾米样”实变为主。随着我国畜牧业现代化的发展,许多集约化、工厂化、     

猪病肺部的常见病理变化

1小叶性肺炎 病变发生的部位在肺部前腹侧，即尖叶、心叶、中间叶、膈叶的前腹侧。若为气道传播可见扇形状分布的病灶，若有淋巴管蔓延发炎，可见小叶邻近问质性炎症区；若为血源性散播，则在更广泛区域乃至全肺可见小叶性病变。     

猪气喘病的诊断与防治

猪气喘病是由肺炎支原体引起猪的一种慢性、接触性传染病.主要临诊症状是咳嗽和喘气.剖检变化为肺的尖叶、心叶和膈叶的对称性实变,以及肺门淋巴结增生.     

猪支原体肺炎的诊治报告

猪支原体肺炎属国家二类动物疫病,是由猪肺炎支原体引起猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病,俗称猪气喘病,亦称猪地方流行性肺炎。临床上以咳嗽、气喘为主要症状,特征性病变是在肺的心叶、尖叶、中间叶及膈前下缘有实变区(融合性支气管肺炎病灶),肺门淋巴结肿大。2004年6月11日,宁蒗县某     

生猪宰后检验中常见几种肺脏病变感观鉴别

肺脏在宰后检验中病变检出率比其它实质器官为高 ,下面结合自己的实际工作 ,谈谈生猪宰后检验中几种常见病理变化的感官鉴别和处理。1肺丝虫本病是由后圆科后圆属的线虫寄生于猪的气管和支气管内所引起的肺炎。肺脏病变部位表面有灰白色隆凸 ,界限分明 ,呈肌肉硬变的病灶。切开后从支气管流出粘稠分泌物及白色丝状虫体 ,有的肺小叶因支气管赌塞发生局限性肺气肿及部分支气管扩张。处理 :寄生轻微者割除病变部分 ,重者销毁。2气喘该病是由猪肺炎支原体引起的猪的一种传染病。病变肺部显著膨大 ,有不同程度的水肿和气肿 ,病变位于两肺尖叶、心…     

人工感染猪支原体肺炎的病理学观察

用猪肺炎支原体人工感染仔猪。发病猪临床表现轻度咳嗽和气喘。尸体剖解可见肺呈心叶、尖叶、中间叶和膈叶边缘胰样变,支气管淋巴结肿胀,切面湿润;右心室肥大、心包积液;肾脏稍肿大,色褐黄;肝脏轻度肿大,色泽较黄。病理组织学变化为细支气管周围有淋巴细胞增生,形成"管套"或结节,肺泡壁上皮细胞变性、坏死;肝细胞、肾小管上皮细胞颗粒变性。     

猪气喘病（猪地方流行性肺炎）的诊断与防治

猪气喘病是由肺炎支原体引起猪的一种慢性、接触性传染病。主要临诊症状是咳嗽和喘气。剖检变化为肺的尖叶、心叶和膈叶的对称性实变。以及肺门淋巴结增生。病多呈慢性经过．常有其他病菌继发感染。     

猪气喘病的诊断与治疗

猪气喘病是由肺炎支原体引起的猪的一种慢性、接触性传染病.主要临诊症状是咳嗽和喘气.剖检变化为肺的尖叶、心叶和膈叶的对称性实变,以及肺门淋巴结增生.该病临诊上发病较多,现将一典型病例诊断和治疗报告如下：     

猪支原体肺炎的中医治疗法

猪支原体肺炎,又名猪气喘病、猪霉形体炎、猪地方流行性肺炎,是由猪肺炎支原体感染而发生的一种接触性慢性呼吸道传染病。病变特征主要是肺脏心叶、尖叶、膈叶和中间叶实变或胰变,以及肺淋巴结增生。     

Die Vasa pulmonalia der Hausziege

The vasa pulmonalia of the goat
The blood vessels in the lung of the goat, which until now have received little attention, are described in detail for the first time. With regard to the segments of the lung, blood vessels are bronchovascular units in the lobi craniales, lobus medius and lobus accessorius, but bronchoartery units in the lobi caudales. We investigated the types of branches of the Aa. pulmonales dextra et sinistra, the inter- and intraspecific principles of the outlet of the pulmonary veins and the importance of bronchopulmonary segmentation of the lungs.     

Pulmonary blood vessels in goats]

The blood vessels in the lung of the goat, which until now have received little attention, are described in detail for the first time. With regard to the segments of the lung, blood vessels are bronchovascular units in the lobi craniales, lobus medius and lobus accessorius, but bronchoartery units in the lobi caudales. We investigated the types of branches of the Aa. pulmonales dextra et sinistra, the inter- and intraspecific principles of the outlet of the pulmonary veins and the importance of bronchopulmonary segmentation of the lungs.     

The macroanatomy of coronary arteries in donkeys (Equus asinus L.)

The aim of this study was to define the arteries that supply the cardiac muscle in donkeys with regard to their course and possible variations. Six hearts belonging to donkeys of different age and sex constituted the material of the study. Following exposition of the arteries by means of injection of latex coloured with Rotring ink to a. coronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra, dissection was performed. The arterial vascularization of the heart in donkeys was determined to be supplied by a. coronaria sinistra and a. coronaria dextra which originate from the aorta. A. coronaria sinistra, measured to be larger than a. coronaria dextra, was determined to have its origin at the aorta, at the level of the free border of valvula semilunaris sinistra, and to extend between truncus pulmonalis and auricula sinistra. The mentioned artery was detected to give off two branches, namely, ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus circumflexus sinister which extend in sulcus interventricularis paraconalis and sulcus coronarius, respectively. However, a. coronaria dextra was determined to have its origin at the beginning of the aorta, at the level of valvula semilunaris dextra, and to extend to margo ventricularis dexter between truncus pulmonalis and auricula dexter. This study has revealed ramus interventricularis subsinuosus and ramus circumflexus dexter to intercommunicate by means of anastomosis and to form a. coronaria dexter. Examination of material revealed the absence of anastomosis between r. circumflexus sinister and r. circumflexus dexter. Branches named rami septales, originating from ramus interventricularis paraconalis and ramus interventricularis subsinuosus were determined to supply septum interventriculare. Ramus proximalis atrii sinistri was determined to have its origin at ramus circumflexus sinister whereas ramus proximalis venriculi dextri was determined to stem from the beginning of a. coronaria dextra in the material of this study. However, examination of the cranial and caudal branches of ramus coni arteriosi, revealed the cranial branch to be ramus proximalis ventriculi dextri in a cadaver.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND RADIOGRAPHIC INDIRECT LYMPHOGRAPHY FOR VISUALIZATION OF MAMMARY LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND THE SENTINEL LYMPH NODE IN NORMAL CATS

The potential of computed tomography indirect lymphography (CT‐indirect lymphography) and radiographic indirect lymphography to demonstrate the draining lymphatic vessels and sentinel lymph node of normal mammary glands was tested in 31 healthy female cats. The lymphatic drainage of each mammary gland was studied initially by CT‐indirect lymphography after intramammary injection of 0.5 ml of iopamidol, followed by images acquired at 1, 5, 15, and 30 min after injection. One day after CT‐indirect lymphography, the lymph drainage of the mammary gland was assessed using radiographic indirect lymphography after intramammary injection of 0.5 ml of ethiodized oil followed by radiographs made at 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after injection. The time between intramammary injection and opacification of the draining mammary lymphatic vessels and the sentinel lymph node, the duration of adequate opacification of the draining mammary lymphatic vessels and of the sentinel lymph node and also the number and course of draining mammary lymphatic vessels and location of sentinel lymph node were compared for CT‐indirect lymphography vs. radiographic indirect lymphography in each examined gland. This results suggest that radiographic indirect lymphography is easy to perform and can be used for accurate demonstration of the draining lymphatic pathways of mammary glands in radiographs made at 5–30 min after injection. However, CT‐indirect lymphography was able to better demonstrate small lymphatic vessels and accurately define the exact topography of the sentinel lymph node in images acquired at 1 min after injection.     

山羊血淋巴结的解剖学观察

对山羊血淋巴结的输入和输出管道进行了追踪解剖学观察，发现所观察到的山羊血淋巴结位于淋巴循环的径路上，过滤的是含有红细胞的淋巴液而不是血液，所观察到的山羊血淋巴结就是淋巴结。     

Evaluation of the pathology,pathogenesis and aetiology of auricular elephantiasis in slaughter pigs

Ears from slaughter pigs with auricular elephantiasis (n = 24) and the corresponding lymph nodes (lnn.) (n = 26) were grossly, histopathologically and microbiologically examined. Immunostaining for IgM, IgG, Cd3epsilon and bacterial antigens of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was performed by indirect enzyme-based techniques. Ears were variably thickened depending on the sampled area (basis, centre and apex). However, at all locations the thickness, the length from basis to apex and the weigh of whole ears with elephantiasis were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The corresponding lnn., that is, ln. parotideus superficialis and profundus, had also increased significantly (P < 0.01) in volume. Histopathologically, lesions of the ears and the corresponding lnn. revealed changes characterized by diffuse fibrosis intermingled with multiple pyogranulomatous foci containing asteroid bodies. In the majority of lesions, four distinct zones due to different cellular infiltrates encircled the central core of the asteroid bodies. In several lesions, the pyogranulomatous foci were contained within the lymph vessels. Immunohistochemically, only the bacterial antigen of S. aureus was detected within the cytoplasm of the macrophages and/or in the asteroid bodies of the ears (41.5%) and in the regional lnn. (30.8%). An abundant number of IgM, IgG and CD3epsilon-positive cells were present in all the pyogranulomatous lesions, whereas a positive IgG-staining was observed only in a single asteroid body. Thus, porcine auricular elephantiasis is a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation that is frequently positive for S. aureus and is lymphogenically spread. Therefore, the lesions of the ears with auricular elephantiasis and the corresponding lnn. should be termed auricular botryomycosis and botryomycotic lymphadenitis, respectively. Moreover, as the disease is observed frequently in slaughter pigs it must also be considered according to the welfare of the animals and in relation to post-mortem meat inspection.     

The Lymph Drainage Pattern of the Mammary Glands in the Cat: A Lymphographic and Computerized Tomography Lymphographic Study

Seventy-three clinically normal, lactating cats were used to investigate the lymph drainage of 73 mammary glands. In 50 cats of the first group, the number of lymphatic vessels emerging from the examined mammary gland, their course and the lymph nodes into which they are drained were studied by indirect lymphography (IL) after intramammary injection of an oily contrast medium. In 23 cats of the second group, the lymph drainage of the mammary glands was studied by computerized tomography indirect lymphography (CT-IL) after intramammary injection of a water soluble contrast medium. The following day, the lymph drainage of the mammary gland examined by CT-IL was studied by IL, as it was described in the first group, for comparison purposes. The main conclusions drawn after this study were as follows: lymph drains from the first and second mammary glands with one or rarely two or three lymphatic vessels to the accessory axillary lymph nodes. Lymph drains from the third mammary gland with one or two and rarely three lymphatic vessels usually to the accessory inguinal lymph nodes or to the accessory axillary lymph nodes. In some cases, it drains to both lymph nodes simultaneously or it may rarely drain only to the medial iliac lymph nodes. The fourth mammary gland with one or two and rarely three lymphatic vessels usually drains to the accessory inguinal lymph nodes. It may rarely drain only to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Mammary lymphatic vessels that cross the midline and lymphatic connection between the mammary glands were not demonstrated. No differences in the mammary lymph drainage pattern between IL and CT-IL were found.     

Die Arterien der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane Japanischer Wachteln (Coturnix coturnix japonica) und ihre Entwicklung nach dem Schlupf

A total of 83 male Japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. Neoprene-Latex, Tensol-Cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. In most of male Japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the A. testicularis originated from the Aorta descendens through a common trunk with the A. renalis cranialis. But in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the Aorta descendens on either side. In 9 quails had the A. testicularis accessoria originating independently from the Aorta descendens and running cranially or caudally in short distance to the normal A. testicularis. The arteries for the Ductus deferens were divided into 3 categories. The Rami ureterodeferentiales craniales were spread out from A. testicularis or Rami epididymales. The Rami ureterodeferentiales medii came from the A. renalis media and the A. renalis caudalis. The Rami ureterodeferentiales caudales originated from the A. caudae lateralis and A. pudenda. The Receptaculum ductus deferentis, the Corpus vasculare paracloacalis and the Phallus nonprotrudens in the Cloaca were supplied from the thick Ramus cloacalis of the A. pudenda. The Ramus bursalis of this artery supplied the Glandula proctodaealis and the Bursa cloacalis, and was also thick. The arteries to the genital organs were observed in the 11 day old male quail. The A. pudenda began developing at about 30 days after hatching when the quail's body matured. While the A. testicularis began developing at about 40 days after hatching when the male Japanese quail was full of the spermatogenic activity.