鸡转移因子脂质体与鸡新城疫疫苗对鸡体内淋巴细胞增殖转化的影响

为了探讨鸡转移因子脂质体(CTFL)对鸡细胞免疫的作用,试验采用游离鸡转移因子(CTF)、CTFL和鸡新城疫(ND)疫苗接种试验鸡,通过淋巴细胞转化试验计算刺激指数,了解鸡体内淋巴细胞的变化情况。结果表明:CTFL配合ND疫苗使用时,无论是血液淋巴细胞的刺激指数还是脾脏淋巴细胞的刺激指数均高于游离的CTF组和单独使用疫苗组,且作用时间长。说明CTFL相对CTF具有某种作用优势。     

岩陀多糖和灯盏花黄酮复合物对免疫抑制大鼠的免疫调节作用

研究中药岩陀多糖和灯盏花黄酮对免疫抑制大鼠免疫调节作用。实验室水提法提取岩陀多糖,醇提法提取灯盏花黄酮。将岩陀多糖和灯盏花黄酮提取物按1∶1配制成复合物,21只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、免疫抑制模型组、岩陀多糖和灯盏花黄酮复合物组,适应性饲养3 d后除空白对照组外,其余2组腹腔注射环磷酰胺3 d致其免疫力低下,第8天复合物组灌胃200 mg/kg复合物,其余2组灌喂等量蒸馏水,灌胃7 d。在第0天、第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天、第35天眼部采血,分别进行白细胞数、淋巴细胞数和IgG的检测。复合物按照4.0 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL、0.5 mg/mL浓度进行猪外周血淋巴细胞体外试验。结果显示,在第7d与空白对照组比较,免疫抑制模型组的白细胞数、淋巴细胞数、IgG含量极显著降低(P0.01),表明免疫抑制模型建立成功。白细胞数,淋巴细胞数、IgG含量整体呈先下降后升高最后接近于正常值,与模型组比较,复合物组能提升白细胞数及淋巴细胞数,其中白细胞数在21 d出现峰值(P0.01),淋巴细胞数在第14天出现峰值(P0.01),对Ig G含量无明显的影响;各浓度复合物的刺激指数均大于1,且浓度越大,刺激指数越大,说明复合物的浓度越大,越能刺激淋巴细胞转化。试验表明中药岩陀多糖和灯盏花黄酮复合物对免疫抑制大鼠有免疫增强作用。     

氦—氖激光,免疫抑制剂抗大鼠器管移植排斥反应的研究

本试验首次应用大剂量氦－氖激光照射，免疫抑制剂及二者相配合，研究其对大鼠全厚皮片移植和全胰十二指肠移植排斥反应的抑制效应。结果表明：日剂量为３９．７２４５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的氦－氖激光照射，可提高移植皮片的存活时间，其与减量的二免疫抑制剂配合应用效果更显著，氦－氖激光照射可推迟大鼠全胰十二指肠移植排斥反应的发生时间，降低排斥反应的发生程度及延长胰脏移植物的存活时间，氦－氖激光与减量的硫唑嘌呤配合应用，上     

氦－氖激光、免疫抑制剂抗大鼠器官移植排斥反应的研究

本试验首次应用大剂量氦－氖激光照射、免疫抑制剂及二者相配合，研究其对大鼠全厚皮片移植和全胰十二指肠移植排斥反应的抑制效应。结果表明：日剂量为３９．７２４５Ｊ／ｃｍ￣２的氦－氖激光照射，可提高移植皮片的存活时间，其与减量的二免疫抑制剂配合应用效果更显著，氦－氖激光照射可推迟大鼠全胰十二指肠移植排斥反应的发生时间、降低排斥反应的发生程度及延长胰脏移植物的存活时间，氦－氖激光与减量的硫唑嘌呤配合应用，上述作用效果更为显著，且与环孢素Ａ的作用效果接近。     

新型预混料对小鼠免疫调节作用的研究

试验探讨新型预混料“促免1号”的免疫调节作用。设3个剂量的试验组和空白对照组。采用小鼠内脏体质量比、ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化试验(MTT法)、迟发型变态反应(足跖肿胀法)、碳廓清试验和血清溶血素试验。结果表明,中剂量“促免1号”对小鼠体质量、脏器质量比、淋巴细胞转化功能、迟发型变态反应(DTH)、碳廓清指数、吞噬指数和血清抗体积数均有显著的提高作用。因此,“促免1号”具有免疫调节作用。     

谷氨酰胺二肽对断奶仔猪肠道免疫的影响

采用体外淋巴细胞转化试验研究谷氨酰胺(Gln)及丙氨酰谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gln)对早期断奶仔猪肠系膜淋巴结细胞增殖的影响。摘取28日龄断奶仔猪肠系膜空、回肠淋巴结,分离淋巴细胞,接种于含不同浓度Gln或Ala-Gln的培养液中37℃培养72h后,四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定细胞增殖。Gln浓度为2mmol/L时,淋巴细胞刺激指数最大;Ala-Gln浓度为1mmol/L时,淋巴细胞刺激指数最大。增加Gln或Ala-Gln浓度并没有增加其效应。本试验表明Gln和Ala-Gln均可以促进丝裂原植物凝集素(PHA)刺激的淋巴细胞增殖,在一定浓度范围内Ala-Gln与Gln具有相似的作用。     

马针刺麻醉手术前后淋巴细胞转化试验观察

淋巴细胞转化与机体的细胞免疫性有密切关系。目前在医学界淋巴细胞转化试验已应用于机体细胞免疫功能的测定。本试验是根据T-淋巴细胞在抗原的刺激下可能转化成大型淋巴母细胞,采用植物     

沙棘黄酮抗衰老作用及对大鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响研究

目的:研究沙棘黄酮对D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠抗氧化及免疫功能的影响。方法:试验选取体质量(180±20)g的Wistar大鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、沙棘黄酮低剂量组、沙棘黄酮中剂量组和沙棘黄酮高剂量组。除正常对照组外,其余各组以125 mg/(kg·d)的剂量皮下注射D-半乳糖建立衰老模型,正常对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水。在注射D-半乳糖同时,沙棘黄酮低、中、高各剂量组大鼠分别以50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg的剂量灌服沙棘黄酮溶液,正常对照组及模型对照组灌服等剂量的蒸馏水,1次/d,连续给药42 d。试验结束后,检测各组大鼠组织和血液中的SOD、MDA、GSH-Px、CAT、MAO、NO水平以及免疫器官脏器指数、白细胞数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、血清溶血素含量及淋巴细胞阳性率。结果:沙棘黄酮各剂量组大鼠的血清、心脏、肝脏、脑组织中的SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力均高于模型组,以中、高剂量组最为显著。沙棘黄酮中剂量组大鼠血清的NO含量极显著低于模型组(P0.01),其余各组大鼠血清和脑的NO含量显著低于模型组(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮各组大鼠的血清、心脏、肝脏、脑的MDA含量显著低于模型组(P0.05),低剂量组大鼠心脏和脑的MDA含量低于模型组,差异不显著(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮中剂量组ANAE阳性淋巴细胞率极显著高于模型组(P0.01),其余各组的白细胞数和ANAE阳性淋巴细胞率显著高于模型组(P0.05),低剂量组与模型组差异不显著(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮低剂量和中剂量组脾脏指数高于模型组,但差异不明显(P0.05),其余各组胸腺指数和脾脏指数显著高于模型组(P0.05)。沙棘黄酮低剂量组血清溶血素高于模型组,但差异不明显(P0.05),高剂量组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率极显著高于模型组(P0.01),其余各组血清溶血素和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率显著高于模型组(P0.05)。结论:沙棘黄酮具有抗衰老和提高机体非特异型免疫的功能。     

大剂量激光照射,免疫抑制剂及二者配合应用对大鼠全胰十二指肠移…

用健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠制备糖尿病模型，以成功的模型大鼠作为受体，健康雄性大鼠为供体，行全胰十二指肠移植术。用移植成功大鼠进行大剂量激光照射、免疫抑制剂及二者配合抗移植排斥反应的实验，于术后隔天监测血糖、尿糖的变化，于术后７天及出现血糖、尿糖持续升高时采取移植胰脏，进行病理组织学观察，以了解排斥反应的发生与程度。结果表明，日剂量为３９．７２４５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２的激光照射，可推迟排斥反应的发生时间、降     

蛋白酶解物对10日龄仔猪淋巴细胞转化的影响

试验用大豆蛋白酶解物、面筋蛋白酶解物和酪蛋白酶解物作为刺激因子 ,在体外对经PHA诱导的 1 0日龄的 4头仔猪淋巴细胞进行培养。旨在观察这 3种蛋白酶解物对仔猪淋巴细胞的分裂增殖的影响 ,以便为研究其在体内是否对机体免疫功能有影响提供一定的依据。试验结果表明 :与对照组 (自体对照 )相比 ,尽管研究的 4头仔猪间个体差异比较明显 ,但总体趋势是 3种蛋白酶解物 ,均能不同程度地刺激经PHA诱导的 1 0日龄仔猪外周血淋巴细胞的转化 ,且大豆蛋白酶解物的促淋巴细胞转作用最强。大豆蛋白酶解物组的刺激指数比对照组分别提高了 2 0 96倍、 1 1 65倍、 0 74倍和 0 39倍 ;面筋蛋白酶解物组的刺激指数比对照组分别提高了 1 0 96倍、 8 85倍、 2 41倍和 0 63倍 ;酪蛋白酶解物组的刺激指数比对照组分别提高了 1 82倍、 1 96倍、 1 54倍和 0 73倍。     

Renal Allograft Survival in Outbred Mongrel Dogs Using Rabbit Anti-Dog Thymocyte Serum in Combination With Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy With or Without Donor Bone Marrow

Therapeutic renal transplantation in dogs is currently being investigated as a treatment for end-stage renal disease. This pilot study examines the effect of donor bone marrow (DBM) infusion and antithymocyte serum (ATS) in combination with immunosuppressive drug therapy in prolonging renal allograft survival in dogs. Seven normal outbred mongrel dogs received an unmatched renal allograft. All dogs received rabbit anti-dog thymocyte serum (RADTS), prednisone (Pr), cyclosporine-A (CsA) and azathioprine (Aza). In addition, three dogs (group 1 test) received DBM and four dogs (group 2 control) did not receive DBM. Serum CsA levels were measured throughout the study. Immunosuppressive therapy was gradually reduced with Pr, CsA, and Aza withdrawn at 200,450, and 680 days, respectively. Allograft rejection was treated with prednisolone sodium succinate. One dog in group 1 and one in group 2 died as a result of infectious canine rhinotracheitis and rejection early in the study. Renal allograft torsion occurred in one group 1 dog. The remaining four dogs survived the 2 years of the study. The dogs in group 2 (three dogs) all rejected the renal allograft after total drug withdrawal, the surviving dog in group 1 did not. This study demonstrates that RADTS, Pr, CsA, and Aza in combination can prolong renal allograft survival in mongrel dogs, whereas DBM may enhance the unresponsive state.     

THE EFFECT OF METHIMAZOLE ON THYROID UPTAKE OF PERTECHNETATE AND RADIOIODINE IN NORMAL CATS

Many hyperthyroid cats referred for thyroid imaging and 131I therapy are concurrently or recently receiving antithyroid medications. The effect of the antithyroid drug, methimazole, on thyroid uptake of 99mTcO4 and 123I was evaluated in 8 normal cats. Quantitative analysis was used to determine the normal percent dose uptake of 99mTcO4 and 123I, the change in thyroid:salivary ratios (T:S) of 99-TcO4 over time, and the duration of the methimazole effect on thyroid uptake of 123I. Methimazole was administered to 5 cats for 3 weeks in which a hypothyroid state was obtained; 3 cats served as non-treatment controls. 99mTcO4 and 8 and 24 hour 123I imaging was repeated after 3 weeks of methimazole therapy (time of maximum T4 suppression). Methimazole was then discontinued and 123I images and serum T4 concentrations were repeated at 1, 4, 9, 15, and 24 days post withdrawal. The percent dose uptake of 99mTcO4 increased throughout the acquisition period with maximum uptake occurring 4 hour post injection. The baseline 20 min. T:S ratio for controls and treatment cats were 0.79 +/- 0.08 and 0.81 +/- 0.05 respectively; with a peak value of 1.29 +/- 0.23 and 1.31 +/- 0.18 at 4 hours. The baseline T:S ratios were not significantly different from 20 minutes to 2 hours, however they were significantly elevated at 4 hours post injection. Baseline, 8 and 24 hour percent dose uptake of 123I were 2.1 +/- 0.42% and 7.04 +/- 1.24%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the T:S ratio in the treatment group at all time points. The 8 hour percent dose uptake of 123I at 1, 4, and 9 days post methimazole withdrawal were significantly increased and peaked at 4 days. The 24 hour uptake was significantly increased at 4 and 9 days, with peak uptake at 9 days post-methimazole withdrawal. The 123I percent dose uptake decreased to baseline values by day 15 post withdrawal. Radioiodine uptake is not inhibited by methimazole treatment in normal cats, and is significantly enhanced after recent withdrawal. This finding is supportive of a "short term rebund effect" with maximal enhanced uptake between 4 and 9 days after discontinuing antithyroid drugs. The increased uptake of 99mTcO4 may also affect the interpretation of 99mTcO4 thyroid scintigraphy for 2-3 weeks.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporin for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs

The efficacy of cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis was evaluated based on the systematic review of prospective clinical trials published between 2001 and 2005. Ten studies with adequate design characteristics were included. These studies enrolled 799 dogs, 672 (84%) treated with CsA, 160 (20%) with placebo, 74 (9%) with oral glucocorticoids and 23 (3%) with antihistamines. Treatment duration varied from 2 weeks to 6 months. For safety analysis, data were available from 660 dogs. Lesion scores were improved from baseline in the range of 30-52%, 53-84% and 52-69% after 4, 6 and 16 weeks, respectively. The percentage of dogs with only mild pruritus rose from 0-13% at inclusion to 32-59% and 46-90% after 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. In most studies, the frequency of CsA administration could be reduced to every other day in 40% to 50% of patients after 4 weeks and to twice weekly in 20-26% of the dogs after 12-16 weeks. Meta-analysis confirmed highly significant effects of CsA compared to placebo, but none between oral CsA and glucocorticoids. The initial disease severity, age or body weight of subjects did not influence treatment success. Improvement by more than 50% over baseline of lesion scores was predictive of a better response during treatment maintenance. Vomiting and soft stools/diarrhoea were the most frequent adverse events seen at least once during the studies. These occurred in 25% and 15% of subjects, respectively. The frequency of each other type of adverse events was lower than 2.1%. In summary, the administration of CsA for the treatment of canine AD was found to be as effective as that of glucocorticoids, and adverse effects were minimal.     

H5N1亚型禽流感灭活疫苗免疫鸵鸟后抗体消长规律及免疫程序的研究

为了探讨鸵鸟对H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫原性,做好鸵鸟禽流感的防控工作,采用哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的重组H5N1亚型禽流感疫苗,不同剂量免疫鸵鸟,用HI方法检测母源抗体和免疫抗体,根据母源抗体的衰减和免疫抗体的消长规律确定首免和再免日龄.结果表明,雏鸵鸟母源抗体能维持约3周～8周;8周龄时分组首免,C1组产生的免疫反应优于C2组,抗体峰值能达到7.50 log2,维持时间为9周左右;17周龄时C1组以3.0 mL/羽进行二免,2周后抗体达到7.40log2,3周～7周抗体维持在高峰值,最高达8.80log2,以后逐渐下降,有效抗体水平能维持至接种后25周左右.二免后25周进行三免,以5 mL/羽三免后2周抗体可达到9.80log2,2周～4周抗体维持在最高峰,以后缓慢下降,期间抗体时有起伏,但有效抗体水平约可维持1年时间.三免后45周内抗体水平合格率均在70%以上.根据抗体消长规律,初步推荐了鸵鸟的免疫程序.     

豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物对鸡免疫功能的影响

研究豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物对鸡免疫功能的影响.试验一将200只14日龄健康未免疫雏公鸡随机分为8组,Ⅰ-Ⅳ组动物于14日龄以新城疫活疫苗滴鼻进行第1次免疫,2周后加强免疫1次,V-Ⅷ组不免疫.Ⅰ-Ⅲ组、Ⅴ-Ⅶ组为试验组,分别注射高、中、低(1、2、4 mg/kg)3种剂量的豆类丝核菌次级代谢产物.Ⅳ组和Ⅷ组分别为疫苗对...     

Evaluation of the immune response induced by intradermal vaccination by using a needle-less system in comparison with the intramuscular route in conventional pigs

The immune response induced by intradermal vaccination using a needle-less device was evaluated in conventional pigs in comparison with the more conventional intramuscular vaccination; to this purpose, vaccination against Aujeszky’s Disease (AD) was used as a model of antiviral immunity. Two groups of pigs (n = 10 each) were vaccinated 4 weeks apart respectively by the intramuscular (IM group) and intradermal route (ID group; needle-less I.D.A.L.® vaccinator) with an AD modified live virus. Ten pigs injected with the vaccine adjuvant only were kept as sham-vaccinated controls (C group).On blood samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks post-vaccination (PV) ADV-specific virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies, IFN-γ secreting cells (SC), lymphocyte subsets and IFN-γ gene expression in PBMC were evaluated.VN antibodies increased after the 1st vaccination and peaked after the 2nd vaccination in both vaccinated groups. Also IFN-γ SC reached maximum levels in both groups after administration of the booster dose. Pigs in the control group remained negative for both parameters throughout the study. Flow cytometry showed persistently higher levels of CD3−CD8α+ Natural Killer cells in both vaccinated pigs. The ID group showed an earlier and regulated activation characterized by an increase of cytotoxic CD8β+ T lymphocytes and CD25+ cells after the boosting dose. No statistically significant differences between treated and control groups were detected for memory CD4+CD8α+^low T cells. Upregulation of IFN-γ gene expression in PBMC was detected in ID and IM pigs after both vaccine administrations, although at a different extent. Overall, the results showed that the intradermal vaccine delivery by a needle-less device can prime a strong humoral and cellular immune response comparable to that obtained by the intramuscular vaccination.     

Long-term use of cyclosporine in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis

This retrospective study of 51 dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated with cyclosporine (CsA) for a minimum of 6 months assessed the frequency of dosing and the need for continual treatment to control clinical signs. The study evaluated both medical records and information supplied by the owners in the form of written questionnaires and telephone follow-up. Laboratory parameters, possible adverse effects and owner satisfaction were assessed. The dose of CsA was 5 mg/kg orally per day and dogs received CsA for 6-30 months. At the conclusion of the study period, 28 dogs (55%) needed ongoing CsA to control clinical signs of AD: 8 (15%) received CsA 2-3 days per week, 10 (20%) 4-5 days per week, and 10 (20%) daily. CsA was discontinued in 23 dogs (45%) after 6-24 months due to either a limited response (22%) or after achieving a clinical response (24%). The results suggest that some dogs with AD treated with CsA may not require daily or even ongoing treatment to control clinical signs. Laboratory abnormalities were detected in 13 dogs (25%) during their CsA treatment. Two dogs developed oral growths and three developed hirsuitism. Forty owners (78%) reported no adverse events in their dogs during the treatment period. Thirty-six owners (71%) were satisfied with CsA as treatment for their atopic dog.     

Effects on the Local Immunity in the Testis by Exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Mice

Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to induce spermatogenic disturbance through oxidant stress and affect the immune system as an adjuvant. However, the effect of DEHP on the testicular immune microenvironment has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined the testicular immune microenvironment after exposure to doses of DEHP, previously identified as no-observed-adverse-effect levels. Adult male mice were administered food containing 0%, 0.01% or 0.1% DEHP and then testes were analyzed. The results showed that a slight but significant spermatogenic disturbance appeared in the 0.1% DEHP group but not in the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. It was also demonstrated that lymphocytes and F4/80- and MHC class II- positive cells were significantly increased with the elevation of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expressions in the testes of not only the 0.1% DEHP group but also the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. Histochemical analyses involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer showed that a little blood-borne HRP had infiltrated into the lumen of a few seminiferous tubules beyond the blood-testis-barrier in both the 0.1% and 0.01% DEHP groups at 8 weeks. This indicates that a dose of DEHP that has little effects on spermatogenesis can change the testicular immune microenvironment with functional damage of the blood-testis barrier.     

Effect of multiple oral dosing of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in healthy beagles

Fluconazole (Fcz) is successfully used in human organ transplant patients as an antifungal therapy. However, Fcz can increase the cyclosporine (CsA) trough level and lead to CsA nephrotoxicity. In canine renal transplantation, CsA has been used as a major immunosuppressant, and it is important to control its trough level. However, the interaction of Fcz with CsA has not yet been reported in dogs. In this study, the effect of Fcz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of CsA in four healthy beagles was investigated using a four-period crossover design. The treatments included CsA alone (A), CsA + multiple-dose Fcz 50 mg (B), CsA + multiple-dose Fcz 25 mg (C) and CsA + single-dose Fcz 50 mg (D). Blood CsA concentrations were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hr after CsA administration. The AUC(0-12) and C(max) values for treatment B were significantly higher than those for the other treatments. In particular, the AUC(0-12) of treatment B was about two times higher than that of treatment A. Fcz administration did not significantly prolong the half-life or mean residence time of CsA. The results of our study show that administration of multiple therapeutic doses of Fcz can significantly increase the CsA blood concentration, which might partially depend upon the Fcz blood concentration. When Fcz is used in CsA-based canine renal transplantation, it may be necessary to adjust the CsA trough level by decreasing the dose.     

A toxicity study of low‐dose rate half‐body irradiation and chemotherapy in dogs with lymphoma

Thirteen dogs with previously untreated multicentric lymphoma were enrolled in a prospective study investigating the effects of low‐dose rate total body irradiation (TBI) and chemotherapy. Dogs received either 6 or 8 Gy TBI in half‐body fractions, 2 weeks apart. Toxicity consisted of mild to moderate haematological and gastrointestinal (GI) signs. One dog died from treatment complications. Anorexia was noted independent of dose. Haematological toxicity was more common and more severe after 8 Gy treatment. GI toxicity was more likely postcaudal half‐body irradiation with 8 Gy. Other than leukotrichia, late effects from radiation were not observed. Results indicated that haematological and nonhaematological toxicity was dose dependent. However, the protocol was well tolerated and treatment intensification using a 2‐week inter‐radiation interval was possible in all dogs treated with 6 Gy. Preliminary survival data for these dogs were very encouraging, providing a strong rationale to analyse the efficacy of low‐dose rate irradiation (LDRI) in canine lymphoma.