支配鸡输卵管蛋白分泌部的感觉神经元定位--CB-HRP法逆行追踪

采用霍乱毒素辣根过氧化物酶（ＣＢＨＲＰ）标记法，逆行追踪鸡输卵管蛋白分泌部初级感觉神经元位置。结果显示，两侧颈静脉神经节、结状神经节以及颈１２至腰荐１２脊神经节出现标记细胞，左侧的标记细胞明显多于右侧。在脊神经节的分布区域内，有两个相对集中区，分别位于胸５至腰荐２和腰荐８至腰荐１０。颈静脉节和结状节的标记细胞数量比脊神经节的少。表明，鸡输卵管虽属单侧发育器官，但其蛋白分泌部接受双侧感觉神经的分布，只是以同侧（左侧）神经支配为主；感觉神经既经脊神经途径传入，也由迷走途径传入，但以前者为主，文中还对交感与副交感传入途径的优势现象进行了讨论。     

辣根过氧化物酶标记法研究鸡直肠传入神经元的分布

采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）逆行追踪法研究了鸡直肠感觉传入神经元的分布，证明鸡直肠脊神经感觉传入神经元集中分布于双侧T5～LS3和LS7～LSl2脊神经节，峰值位于T7和LS10脊神经节；LS7-LS12区段脊神经节内标记细胞明显多于T5～LS3区段脊神经节内的标记细胞；标记细胞为椭圆形和圆形。     

支配鸡输卵管蛋白分泌部的感觉神经元定位：CB—HRP法逆行追踪

采用霍乱毒素－辣根过氧化物酶标记法，逆行追踪鸡输卵管蛋白分泌部初级感觉神经元位置。结果显示，两侧颈静脉神经节，结状神经节以及颈１２至腰茬１２脊神经节出现标记细胞，左侧的标记细胞明显多于右侧。在脊神经节的分布区域内，有两个相对集中区，分别位于胸５至腰茬２和腰荐８至腰荐１０。     

鸡胸腺副交感传入神经元的定位及其初级传入纤维在中枢内的投射—CB—HRP...

将ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ注入鸡一侧胸腺内，通过逆行和跨神经节追踪鸡胸腺副交感传入神经元的定位及其初级传入纤维在中枢的投射，其结果如下：①在双侧迷走神经结状节内出现标记细胞，标记细胞以大型细胞为主，呈长椭圆形和梭形的双极神经元，亦发现少量假单极神经元，还发现两个多极神经元。②双侧颈静脉神经节和岩神经节内出现标记细胞，标记细胞以小型细胞为主，突起不明显。③在闩前、闩后双侧孤束核内发现传入纤维的标记终末，在闩后０     

环颈雉泄殖腔一侧壁受双侧传入神经的支配—CB—HRP法研究

将CB－HRP溶液注入环颈雉泄殖腔的一侧壁内，逆行追踪其初级传入神经元及跨节追踪其中枢突在脊髓内的投射。试验结果表明：①标记细胞出现于双侧T4－S9脊神经节内和双侧迷走神经结状节内，以注射侧为主。②注射侧标记的初级传入纤维比对侧的粗。     

环颈雉泄殖腔一侧壁受双侧传入神经的支配--CB-HRP法研究

将CB-HRP溶液注入环颈雉泄殖腔的一侧壁内,逆行追踪其初级传入神经元及跨节追踪其中枢突在脊髓内的投射.试验结果表明①标记细胞出现于双侧T4～S9脊神经节内和双侧迷走神经结状节内,以注射侧为主.②注射侧标记的初级传入纤维比对侧的粗.     

兔颈前神经节感觉纤维终末的起源--HRP法研究

以３０％ＨＲＰ注入５只家兔颈前神经节,在Ｃ１－Ｔ２脊神经节、迷走神经结状节、颈静脉神经节、舌咽神经近节和远节以及三叉神经节均出现标记细胞,以舌咽神经远节最多,占４２．５５％;Ｃ１－Ｔ２脊神经节次之,占３４．１９％;其余各神经节标记细胞均在１０％以下。标记细胞均以中小型细胞为主。５例均未见膝神经节。结果表明,投射至颈前神经节的感觉纤维来源广泛,为“以交感神经节为中心的中枢外短反射环路”理论和针灸机理     

家兔大结肠及三焦俞穴区传入神经元的节段性分布——HRP、CT-HRP法研究

选用健康家兔31只,分组用HRP和CT—HRP法研究了家兔大结肠及三焦俞穴区传入神经元的节段性分布。结果:大结肠传入神经元胞体弥散性分布于双侧T_2～Co_1脊神经节和左、右迷走神经结状节内,脊神经节的标记细胞主要集中于T_(12)～L_4,高峰节段为L_1和L_2,L_7～S_1段为少标记或无标记细胞区;从标记细胞的数量看,大结肠的神经传入途径以伴随交感神经传入为主,随副交感神经传入的纤维以迷走神经传入途径为主;脊神经节内的标记细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,以中、小型细胞为主,大型细胞较少。迷走神经结状节内的标记细胞均为中、小型细胞,以小型细胞为多;三焦俞穴区传入神经元胞体位于T_8～L_4脊神经节内,多集中于T_11～L_3,其传入纤维投射到T_11～L_3,段脊髓的第Ⅰ～Ⅳ层,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ层最为密集;大结肠与三焦俞穴区传入神经元胞体在T_8～L_4脊神经节内重合,其主峰值范围基本一致。     

用辣根过氧化物酶标记法对鸡盲肠传入神经元分布的研究

用辣根过氧化物酶逆行法研究鸡盲肠感觉神经元的定位。结果表明，被标记的支配盲肠的初级传入神经元位于Ｔ２－ＬＳ１和ＬＳ８－ＬＳ１２脊神经节，峰值位于Ｔ５，Ｔ６，ＬＳ９和ＬＳ１０脊神经节；在颈静脉神经节，结状神经节和脊髓内未见到标记细胞。     

仔猪子宫角传入神经的起源—HRP法研究

本实验用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法研究了仔猪子宫角传入神经的起源,结果如下: 一、标记细胞出现于T_(10)—S_3背根节,主要集中在L_2、L_3及S_1、S_2背根节。在注射子宫角前半部组、后半部组及全子宫角组,标记细胞出现的背根节范围基本相同。 二、标记细胞出现于双侧背根节,注射侧出现的标记细胞数明显多于对侧。这表明仔猪子宫角的感觉经双侧背根节传入脊髓,以同侧传入占优势。 三、标记细胞以小型为主,大、中型较少。它们混杂散在分布于整个背根节内。 四、胸腰部背根节出现的标记细胞数约为骶部的四倍,结状节中未出现标记细胞,表明猪子宫角的感觉主要经交感途径传入,小部分经副交感途径传入,不经迷走神经传入。     

Localization of sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons innervating the heart of the Beijing duck by means of the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons were labeled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into various regions of the heart in 33 Beijing ducks. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the heart were located in the paravertebral ganglia C15 (C16 is the last cervical segment in the duck) to T3, especially in the ganglion T1. The coronary sulcus and ventricle were more abundantly innervated by sympathetic neurons than the atrium. The left side of the heart was preferentially innervated by sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the left side of paravertebral ganglia but the right side of the heart were equally supplied from the right and left ganglia. Within the medulla oblongata, the number of labeled vagal preganglionic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus was much greater than that in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Labeled neurons of the nucleus ambiguus were found in many ducks injected into the coronary sulcus. Cardiac sensory neurons were observed in the dorsal root ganglia C15 to T2 (highest in the ganglion T1) and in the nodose and jugular ganglia of the vagus nerve. These labeled neurons probably form the afferent and efferent limbs of cardiac reflexes and control circulation in the Beijing duck.     

马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布——HRP法研究

用HRP法对5匹马盲肠感觉神经元的节段性分布规律进行了研究。结果:标记细胞出现在T_2～L_4脊神经节内。其中T_(8～15)脊神经节内数量最多,其次是T_(3、7)和T_(16、17),其余脊神经节内的标记细胞数量较少。盲肠的感觉神经元,以小细胞为主,中细胞次之,大细胞最少。感觉神经均传入双侧脊神经节中,标记细胞的数量右侧明显地多于左侧(二者之比约4:1)。     

Location of sympathetic postganglionic and sensory neurons innervating the testis in the male chicken

Sympathetic postganglionic and sensory neurons were labelled by injections of horseradish peroxidase into the testis of the male chicken. The total number of labelled neurons in the paravertebral, prevertebral, dorsal root and nodose ganglia was 943 on average for five chickens. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons were located in the paravertebral ganglia T3-LS3 (10% of the total number of labelled neurons), especially in T6 and T7, and in the prevertebral ganglia adjacent to the adrenal glands and aorta (19%). They were found almost ipsilaterally. No labelled neurons were observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Sensory neurons were found bilaterally in the dorsal root ganglia T2-LS3 (71%), especially in T5 to T7. Over a quarter of labelled sensory neurons were located in the contralateral dorsal root ganglia. In the nodose ganglia, only a few labelled sensory neurons were observed (much less than 1%). These results indicate that, unlike the ovary, the testis of the chicken tends to be innervated by ipsilaterally located sympathetic postganglionic and sensory neurons, with the sensory neurons being more numerous than the sympathetic postganglionic neurons.     

Co‐expression of PACAP with VIP,SP and CGRP in the Porcine Nodose Ganglion Sensory Neurons

Our previous study revealed the expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in sensory distal ganglion of the vagus (nodose ganglion) neurons in the pig. As these neuropeptides may be involved in nociception, the goal of these investigations was to determine possible expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), SP and CGRP in the pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide‐immunoreactive (PACAP‐IR) porcine nodose perikarya. Co‐expression of these substances was examined using a double‐labelling immunofluorescence technique. To reveal the ganglionic cell bodies, the pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used. Quantitative analysis of the neurons revealed that 67.25% of the PGP 9.5+ somata in the right‐side ganglion and 66.5% in the left side, respectively, co‐expressed PACAP‐IR. Moreover, 60.6% of the PACAP‐IR cells in the right‐side ganglion and 62.1% in the left, respectively, co‐expressed VIP. SP‐IR was observed in 52.2 and 39.9% of the right and left ganglia, respectively. CGRP was found in 27.7 and 34.1% of the right and left distal ganglion of the vagus, respectively. High level of co‐expression of PACAP with VIP, SP and CGRP in the distal ganglia of the vagus sensory perikarya directly implicates studied peptides in their functional interaction during nociceptive vagal transduction.     

Distribution of sympathetic and afferent neurones innervating the submandibular gland in the sheep

The distribution of sympathetic and sensory neurones innervating the submandibular gland (SMG) in sheep was studied using retrograde tracing technique. The retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB) was unilaterally injected into the SMG in five juvenile male sheep under general anaesthesia. After a 4-week survival period, all the animals were reanaesthetized, perfused transcardially with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and ganglia, which could be considered as a potential sources of sympathetic, and afferent innervation of the gland were bilaterally collected. The FB-labelled sympathetic neurones were found in the ipsilateral superior and middle cervical ganglion. Many labelled neurones were distributed in the ipsilateral jugular and nodose ganglia of the vagus nerve and smaller numbers of the nerve cells were also found in ipsilateral C1-C3 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). No labelled neurones were observed in the ipsilateral stellate ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, C4-C8 DRG and in all contralateral ganglia. The present study revealed that the majority of sympathetic neurones projecting to the sheep SMG are found in the superior cervical ganglion but some of them are also distributed in the middle cervical ganglion. Most of the afferent neurones are located in the jugular and nodose ganglia of vagus nerve but C1-C3 DRG also comprise some of these nerve cells.     

鸡胃的副交感节前神经元和感觉神经元的定位——HRP法研究

本文用ＨＲＰ法研究了鸡胃的副交感节前神经元和感觉神经元的定位，结果如下：１．将ＨＲＰ注入腺胃左侧壁后，标记的感觉神经元位于双侧颈静脉神经节和运神经节，以颈静脉神经节占优势（６３．２％）；标记的运动神经元位于双侧走神经背侧运动核的大细胞亚核后部、中间小细胞亚核和腹侧小细胞亚核前部，在多形细胞亚核及疑核内也出现少数标记细胞。２．将ＨＲＰ注入肌胃左侧壁后，标记感觉神经元位于双侧大细胞亚核、多形细胞亚核和     

Horseradish peroxidase study of the location of extrinsic efferent and afferent neurons innervating the colon of dogs

The abdominal portion of the colon of 13 clinically normal dogs was divided into 5 regions (ascending, transverse, left colic flexure, proximal descending, and distal descending), and each region was injected with 30 mg of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The injected colonic region, brain stem, L7-Cd1 portion of the spinal cord, sympathetic trunk ganglia, celiacomesenteric ganglia, caudal mesenteric ganglion, pelvic plexi, distal vagal (nodose) ganglia, and L1-Cd1 spinal ganglia were obtained at post-injection hour 48, sectioned, and processed by use of the tetramethylbenzidine method. The entire length of the colon was found to be under extrinsic influence of the parasympathetic nucleus of cranial nerve X (PX), with the largest average number of labeled cells resulting from injection of the ascending colon. It was also indicated that the entire colon is under extrinsic influence of the sacral portion of the spinal cord because the pelvic ganglia (second-order neurons) of the pelvic plexi contained labeled cells for all colonic regions. The largest average number of labeled cells in pelvic ganglia was seen after injection of the distal portion of the descending colon. Only after injection of the distal portion of the descending colon were labeled cells found in the S1-S3 portion of the spinal cord. Labeled cells in the PX, spinal cord, and pelvic ganglia were found bilaterally. Although the entire abdominal portion of the colon appears to be influenced by cranial and sacral parasympathetic preganglionic (via pelvic ganglia) neurons, the relative importance of the 2 areas seems to be reversed between the ascending colon and distal portion of the descending colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)

In this study, the left and right cranial cervical ganglia (ganglion cervicale craniale) of eight young (four male, four female) domestic pigs weighing around 70-80 kg were inspected macro anatomically. The cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) was found cranio-ventrally of the distal ganglion of the vagus nerve, medial of the jugular process extremity, ventral of the atlas, dorsal of the epiglottis base and medial of the common root (CR) established by the internal carotid and occipital arteries. The internal carotid nerve and jugular nerve ramified from the cranial part of CCG. The jugular nerve gave branches that merged with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Other nerve branches originating from the cranial part of the ganglion reached to the external carotid artery and CR. The internal carotid nerve varied among cadavers in number of branches (two to four). These branches did not travel along the side of the internal carotid artery. The central part of CCG gave thin nerve branches that reached to various anatomical structures including the first and second cervical nerves, wall of the pharynx, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, external carotid artery and CR. The caudal part of CCG gave nerve branches that merged with the vagus, cranial laryngeal nerves, and common carotid artery. The external carotid nerves, which were two or three in number, also originated from the caudal part of CCG. In conclusion, the nerves ramifying from CCG of the pig varied in number among cadavers. Compared with literature raised in other species, there are also differences in number of nerve branches and course pattern of these nerves.     

山羊子宫内胆碱能神经分布及妊娠时的变化

采用乙酰胆碱酯酶组化法，研究了山羊子宫内胆碱能神经的分布，结果，山羊子宫颈是经较丰富，在浆膜和肌层内有神经束伴血管而行并分支分布于血管壁，在粘膜及其皱褶上皮下，粘液腺上皮有神经丛分布，妊娠时子宫颈部的神经分布与未妊娠时相比无明显变化，子宫角部神经密度均低于子宫颈部，其内环行肌层中及其与内膜交界处神经密度略高，神经束伴血管而行并分支分布于血管壁，在子宫腺上皮下及内膜上皮下无神经分布，妊夺时作胎盘内无神经分布外，仍有神经束伴血管而行交分支分布于血管壁，在分布于血管壁的神经纤维减少，结果提示，胆碱能神经主要支配山羊子宫内血管壁及颈部粘液腺上皮和粘膜上皮，妊 时子宫颈部胆碱能神经无明显变化，而子宫角内支配血管壁的胆碱能神经纤维减少。     

山羊子宫内肽能神经分布及妊娠时的变化

采用免疫组化方法，研究了山羊子宫内含P物质（SP）和含血管活性肠肽（VIP）神经的分布。结果，妊娠及未妊娠山羊子宫颈内有粗细不等的神经束行经于外膜和肌层中，神经分支形成丛状分布于血管壁，子宫颈部未见SP神经元胞体及VIP神经元胞体；未妊娠山羊子宫角内SP神经和VIP神经均呈丛状围绕血管并分布于血管壁；妊娠中期的孕角和非孕角均有胎盘形成，除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经同样分支形成丛状分布于血管壁。结果提示，山羊子宫内SP神经和VIP神经主要支配子宫内血管，妊娠时除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经的分布无明显变化。