第十九期鸡胚原始生殖细胞的冷冻保存

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心,提取第 19期(孵化 72h)性腺中的PGCs,对其应用不同的冷冻保护液和不同的平衡方法进行冷冻保存,并于复苏后进行体外培养。复苏后的PGCS用台盼蓝染色检测其存活率,结果发现:从第 19期性腺中获取的PGCs在同一种冷冻保护液下,采用不同的平衡方法进行冷冻,对PGCs的存活率有显著影响(P<0.05)或极显著影响(P<0.01);平衡方法相同,在不同冷冻保护液之间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著 (P<0.01)差异。PGCs经体外培养 24h后再进行冷冻保存,复苏后其存活率、体外培养存活时间均极显著(P<0.01)短于分离后直接冷冻的PGCs。     

鸡胚19期原始生殖细胞慢速冷冻和玻璃化冷冻保存的研究

本研究对发育至第19期的鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)分离提纯后，在DMEM中添加冷冻保护剂DMSO（二甲基亚砜）、EG（乙二醇）、蔗糖、PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）分别组成6种慢速冷冻保护液和6种玻璃化冷冻保护液，进行超低温冷冻保存。复苏后苔盼蓝染色测定细胞存活率，体外接种培养、传代。结果：①慢速冷冻保存中，PGCs在慢速冷冻液V（10％EG+10% FBS+0.1 mol/L蔗糖）条件下复苏后存活率最高（92.20%），且与慢速冷冻液I（10％ DMSO+10% FBS）存活率之间差异显著（P<0.05）。②玻璃化冷冻保存中，PGCs在玻璃化冷冻液I（10% DMSO+10% EG+20% FBS+10% PVP）条件下复苏后存活率最高（84.15%），且与其余5种玻璃化冷冻液下复苏后存活率之间差异均极显著（P<0.01）。③培养传至第3代的慢速冷冻复苏后PGCs细胞和培养传至第2代的玻璃化冷冻复苏后PGCs细胞，PAS染色、AKP染色呈阳性并保持完整的二倍体核型。     

不同冷冻剂对鸡胚PGCs的保护效应

发育至第19期和第28期的鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞（PGCs）分离提纯后，在DMEM中添加冷冻保护剂DMSO（二甲基亚砜）、EG（乙二醇）、蔗糖进行超低温冷冻保存，比较冷冻保护剂在单独或联合使用条件下对PGCs的冷冻保护效果，复苏后台盼蓝染色测定细胞存活率，体外接种培养、传代。结果表明：（1）第19期PGCs冷冻保存中，10％EG＋10％FBS＋0．1mol／L。蔗糖条件下细胞存活率最高为（92．20±2．18）％，且与10％DMSO＋10％FBS的存活率差异显著（P〈0．05），其余各冷冻保护液间存活率差异不显著；第28期PGCs冷冻保存中，5％DMsO＋5％EG＋10％FBS＋0．1mol／L。蔗糖条件下细胞存活率最高为（92．41±2．82）％，但各冷冻保护液间存活率差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。（2）解冻后体外培养的PGCs，在饲养层和3种细胞因子（I。IF、SCF、bFGF）的共同作用下，可持续增殖，传至第3代的PGCs，PAS染色、AKP染色均呈阳性并保持完整的二倍体核型，仍处于未分化状态。     

不同胚期分离的鸡原始生殖细胞(PGCs)遗传与培养特性比较

根据家禽原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的迁移路径,分别从孵化24h的鸡胚生殖新月(gcPGC)、2.5d的胚血(cPGC)和5.5d的生殖腺(gPGC)中分离PGCs,置于完全培养基中培养,表达干细胞标志物SSEA-1和生殖细胞特异标志物DAZL免疫荧光染色鉴定结果,表明纯化的细胞为PGCs。CCK-8法细胞增殖检测显示,BRL-3A饲养层细胞能明显促进PGCs的体外增殖,与无饲养层条件培养的PGCs间有显著性差异(P<0.05),但不同来源PGCs间无增殖速度的差异。检测这3种不同来源PGCs的集落形成能力,结果显示cPGCs的集落形成率最高,集落体积最大。real time-PCR结果显示多能性相关基因nanogv和pouV在gcPGCs中的表达量最高,而生殖相关基因dazl和cvh在cPGCs中的表达量最高。结果表明,体外培养的PGCs保持其体内遗传状况,即gcPGC的多能性最好,cPGC开始进入生殖系分化,而gPGC可能已部分进入减数分裂。而从培养特性上来看,gcPGC由于数量过少难以扩大培养,而gPGC混合的分化细胞过多,cPGC是体外培养和增殖分化研究的最佳细胞来源。     

五指山近交猪胚胎生殖细胞(EG)嵌合体在我国移植产仔

采集25~28日龄的五指山小型猪(WZSP)胚胎原始生殖嵴细胞(PGCs),用于 WZSP生殖细胞(EG)建系培养技术研究。研究发现:以DMEM含15%胎牛血清、0 1 mol/L巯基乙醇等为基础培养液,分别添加生长因子20 ng/mL LIF、40 ng/mL hSCF、20 ng/mL hbFGF,以STO为饲养层,进行 EG培养建系,WZSP 3 d 可出现克隆,其克隆具有出现早,生长数量多,增殖快,成熟亦早,传代率高的特点。培养 7~10 d需传代或冷冻保存。EG类细胞冷冻、解冻后尚可复苏,并传至11代。若基础培养液不添加生长因子,培养 6~10 d后亦可出现 EG克隆细胞株,但其克隆具有出现晚、数量少、增殖慢等特点。研究中还发现25~26日龄的WZSP胚胎的原始生殖嵴小、不易观察、PGCs分离较困难; 27 ~ 28 日龄的 WZSP 胚胎的原始生殖嵴体积大、易观察、便于分离并可获得多量的PGCs。同时对PGCs进行了形态学、体外分化、AKP染色鉴定等研究。2002 年 9-12 月,在中国农业科学院畜牧研究所五指山猪保种场先后从22头超排处理的大白猪供体中,于配种后(当天为 0 d)5 5~7 d实施手术法获得252枚可用胚。将123枚胚胎显微注射WZSP的EG细胞,每枚注射5~15个细胞,与未注射的 103 枚混合分别移植给9头受体,平均每头受体移植胚胎25 11±5 11枚、含注射 EG细胞胚胎 13 67±3 57 枚,其中 7 头分别     

犊牛睾丸支持细胞的分离与冷冻保存

以新生犊牛睾丸为实验对象,应用组合酶法进行支持细胞分离培养,并研究了冷冻保存后支持细胞的生长特性。结果表明:在细胞分离时,消化睾丸组织,分离曲细精管法所获得的细胞悬液中的有效细胞数高于组织剪碎法。支持细胞体外培养,4 h后开始贴壁,3~4 d铺满培养皿底壁,传代后细胞生长较快,2 d即可增殖一代。HE染色,胞质染色较淡,而细胞核染色较深,呈圆形或椭圆形位于细胞质中央或偏位,核仁明显。采用10%FBS+10%DMSO的DMEM液做冷冻液,对细胞进行冷冻保存时,支持细胞的复苏率在65%以上。解冻后的支持细胞体外培养,4h开始有细胞贴壁,24h后大部分细胞贴壁,3~4d铺满培养皿底壁。     

蒙古绵羊原始生殖细胞(PGCs)的分离培养与鉴定

本试验从绵羊胎儿的生殖嵴中分离出原始生殖细胞,经体外培养后进行了初步鉴定。为建立绵羊原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells,PGCs)的培养体系,试验对比了不同培养条件对蒙古绵羊PGCs生长的影响,将得到的胚胎生殖细胞(EG细胞)作形态学、酶学和免疫荧光鉴定。结果表明:绵羊EG细胞集落隆起,边缘整齐,呈鸟巢状,细胞排列紧密;AKP染色为弱阳性;免疫荧光检测特异标志物Oct3/4呈弱阳性,SSEA-1、SSEA-3、SSEA-4、TRA-1-61、TRA-1-80呈强阳性。     

鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞的体外培养

旨在对影响鸡胚胎原始生殖细胞（PGCs）体外培养、传代过程的各种影响因素进行探讨。将分离到的19期鸡胚胎生殖腺的PGCs在以鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）为饲养层，添加细胞因子的培养体系中进行培养、传代。经冷冻保存的PGCs在添加细胞因子的培养体系中能增殖，并具有分化能力。从细胞形态、集落形态、增殖生长能力、核型检测、碱性磷酸酶测定等方面对培养过程中的鸡胚胎PGCs进行检测。结果表明，采用传至3代的CEF为饲养层，多次离散法进行传代所获得的5代鸡胚胎PGCs不但能有效维持PGCs的未分化状态和正常二倍体核型，也具有其作为多能性胚胎干细胞的一系列特征。     

鸡胚原始生殖细胞(PGCs)玻璃化冷冻的研究

对发育至第19期和第28期鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞（Primordial germ cells，PGCs），用6种玻璃化冷冻液1：10％DMS0＋10％EG＋10％PVP，Ⅱ：20％EG＋10％PVP，Ⅲ：20％DMSO＋10％PVP，Ⅳ：10％DMSO＋10％EG＋0．5mol／L Surcose，Ⅴ：20％EG＋0．5mol／LSurcose，Ⅵ：20％DMSO＋0．5mol／L Surcose进行冷冻保存。结果：第19期鸡胚PGCs玻璃化冷冻复苏后存活率，在冷冻液Ⅱ与Ⅳ之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），Ⅴ与Ⅵ之间差异显著（P〈0．05），其余各冷冻液之间差异均极显著（P〈0．01）。第28期鸡胚PGCs玻璃化冷冻复苏后存活率，在冷冻液Ⅳ与Ⅴ之间差异显著（P〈0．05），Ⅲ与Ⅳ、Ⅴ之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），Ⅱ与Ⅲ、Ⅳ之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），其余各玻璃化冷冻液之间差异均极显著（P〈0．01）。复苏后接种培养传至第2代的鸡胚PGCs细胞，PAS染色、AKP染色呈阳性并保持完整的二倍体核型。     

坝上长尾鸡原始生殖细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为了研究坝上长尾鸡的原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell,PGCs),试验分别从孵化至13~15期的坝上长尾鸡鸡胚血液和5.5 d的鸡胚生殖嵴中分离得到PGCs,接种于24孔培养板,以鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)为饲养层,添加细胞因子的培养体系,在温度37℃、95%空气和5%CO2培养箱中进行体外培养和传代,借助组织化学及免疫组织化学方法进行染色,并采用PAS(高碘酸希夫氏染色)、AKP(碱性磷酸酶染色)以及SSEA-1等方法进行鉴定。结果表明:PGCs集落有典型的鸟巢状结构,且PAS、AKP以及SSEA-1染色呈阳性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.