B超妊娠诊断技术在转基因山羊生产中的应用

用配有7．5MHz探头的超声扫描仪，以胎盘子叶作为主要的判断依据。对310只转基因胚胎移植的受体山羊进行早期妊娠诊断，对检出的怀孕母羊进行了相应的处理。结果表明；胚胎移植后60～65天试验母羊妊娠诊断阴性(B超判断未怀孕)的准确率为98．1％，妊娠诊断阳性准确率为100％。     

奶山羊妊娠早期的B超诊断

自从1976年Lindahl首次将B超用于绵羊妊娠诊断以来，国内外学者先后在该领域进行了广泛的探索。他们将B超诊断绵羊早期妊娠的日期提前到配种后18～19d．使B超诊断绵羊妊娠的准确率达到或接近100％，其中对单胎的诊断准确率达84％～97％，对多胎的诊断准确率达95％～100%。     

B型超声显像技术在实验猕猴繁殖中的应用

采用MEDISON SA-600型超声实时显像仪,以妊娠囊作为主要的判断依据,对658只配种实验猕猴进行早期妊娠诊断的探索。结果表明:妊娠15d诊断准确率为95.5%,20d诊断准确率为100%。同时对猕猴妊娠各期B超影像的特征及猕猴检测的操作特点进行论述。     

B超影像学在奶牛早期妊娠诊断中的应用

应用兽用B超仪对224头奶牛在配种后30d内进行了B超扫描早期妊娠诊断,探索了应用兽用B超诊断奶牛早期妊娠的准确率,描绘了奶牛妊娠典型影像图特征。结果表明,奶牛配种30d内应用B超早期妊娠诊断,比直肠检查方法提前30d以上,诊断准确率达98.83%。本试验为牛场应用B超仪进行奶牛早期妊娠诊断提供了参考资料。     

B型超声妊娠诊断技术在波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化中的研究应用

应用B型超声断层扫描仪对279只波尔山羊胚胎移植受体白山羊和87只自然交配波尔山羊进行早期妊娠检查。在胚胎移植后20～100天试验羊妊娠诊断阴性(B超判断未怀孕)的准确率为100%;正常交配羊妊娠诊断阳性(B超判断怀孕)的准确率为100%;部分胚胎移植后20天左右的受体羊出现假阳性,这可能与胚胎移植后胎儿发育停止或出现流产或手术造成的粘连有关。试验证明,在胚胎移植(2-8细胞胚胎)30天以后进行B超妊娠检查不仅可准确判断妊娠情况,而且能得到胚胎移植羊流产或妊娠中止的数据,试验说明,B超妊娠诊断是目前波尔山羊胚胎移植产业化过程中的一个重要环节。     

猪场B超早期妊娠诊断声像图识别研究

为了在养殖过程中更好地利用B超对母猪进行早期妊娠诊断,试验采用便携式兽用B超仪对300头次母猪进行早期妊娠诊断;同时对11头母猪进行了跟踪检测,得到各时期的声像图及相应的诊断数据。结果表明:B超早期妊娠诊断准确率在配种后21天即可达到100%。     

用血小板计数法对羊进行早期妊娠诊断研究

采用血小板计数法对60只母羊进行超早期妊娠诊断。结果表明，已孕母羊在配种后第7天血小板数平均值降低74±59.98×109个/L，与配种前血小板值相比差异极显著（P<0.01）。未孕母羊的血小板平均值降低2±3.11×109个/L。用本方法诊断为妊娠羊只54只，未孕羊6只，经与实际妊娠情况进行比较，妊娠符合率为92.59%（50/54），未孕的符合率为83.33%（5/6），总符合率达93.33%（56/60）。     

采用血小板计数法对绵羊进行超早期妊娠诊断研究

选择70只健康多浪羊母羊,分为2组:经人工授精受配母羊60只(试验组),未受配母羊10只(对照组)。采用血小板计数法对60只受配母羊进行早期妊娠诊断。结果显示,在配种后第7天怀孕母羊血小板数值降低(74±59.98)×109个/L,与未配种对照母羊血小板值相比,差异极显著(P<0.01);检测受孕羊54只,未孕羊6只,经与临床妊娠检查及产羔结果比较,已孕羊妊娠符合率为92.59%,未孕羊符合率为83.33%,总符合率达91.66%。     

根据乳汁孕酮水平进行奶山羊早期妊娠诊断的研究

为探求西农莎能奶山羊早期妊娠诊断的方法,应用放射免疫法,分别测定6只奶山羊发情同期和153只奶山羊妊娠早期下午末乳的孕酮水平。6只母羊发情0～1天(发情为0天)的孕酮水平最低,均值为0.83±0.28毫微克/毫升,发情第五天后逐渐上升,于第十一至十七天达峰值分别为32.2、23.4、15.9、12.6和34.2毫微克/毫升,此后又陡然下降,恢复到下一发情周期前的基础水平。配种后第十五至二十九天的孕酮值波动在0.30～42.2毫微克/毫升的范围。根据配种后返情及产羔情况观察,产羔羊配种后第二十二至二十五天的孕酮均维持较高水平,均值≥8.3毫微克/毫升,而返情和未产羔羊这四天的孕酮水平则较低(P<0.01),均值<8.3毫微克/毫升。故以8.3毫微克/毫升的孕酮值为判定界限,即:≥8.3毫微克/毫升为妊娠,<8.3毫微克/毫升为未妊娠,准确率是96.5%(109/113),未妊羊是90%(9/10)。据此,作者认为:根据乳汁孕酮水平能够进行西农莎能奶山羊的早期妊娠诊断。采样时间在配种后第二十二至二十五天,采样次数为隔日2次。此外,对判定界限及诊断的准确率等问题、也进行了讨论。     

道塞特羊冷冻精液配种试验报告

利用道塞特公羊冷冻精液对20只发情母羊配种后,不返情母羊14只。配种后第60天、75天,对不返情的14只母羊进行B超妊娠诊断检测,确定怀孕11只,怀孕率为55%。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.