血细胞免疫研究进展

综述红细胞和白细胞免疫研究进展 ,对于进一步了解血细胞在正常的生理活动中和一些疾病的病理生理发展过程中的作用以及探讨血细胞的免疫调节机制有一定的启发。     

鸡贫血因子感染雏鸡后血液凝血物质的变化

对１日龄雏鸡感染鸡贫血因子（ＣＡＡ）后血浆的凝血酶时间，凝血酶原时间，部分凝血活酶时间，纤维蛋白原含量及副凝试验等指标进行了检测。结果表明，感染ＣＡＡ雏鸡血浆凝血时间和部分凝血活酶时间分别于感染后７－２８日和１４－２１日明显延长；凝血酶原时间和纤维蛋白原含量于７－１４日虽吴现延长或减少，但无统计学意义；副凝试验于感染后７－１４日呈阳性反应。     

Validation of the oscillometric blood pressure monitor Vet20 SunTech in anesthetized healthy cats

ObjectiveTo evaluate a veterinary-specific oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) system according to the guidelines of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Consensus Statement.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 33 client-owned cats (20 females and 13 males).MethodsCats were premedicated with methadone (0.3 mg kg⁻¹) and alfaxalone (2 mg kg⁻¹) intramuscularly. After 15 minutes anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (3%) in 100% oxygen by facemask while breathing spontaneously. A 22 gauge catheter was placed in the median caudal artery and systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures were measured. NIBP measurements were collected by placing the cuff (40% of limb circumference) on the right or left antebrachium. The agreement between the two methods was evaluated with the Bland–Altman methods, and the oscillometric NIBP device was evaluated using the ACVIM guidelines for validation of devices.ResultsData from 30 of the 33 cats were analyzed. Five paired measurements were taken from each cat, totaling 150 paired measurements. Mean bias (limits of agreements) for SAP, DAP and MAP were 2.7 (−22.7 to 28.1), 0.9 (−22.3 to 24.2) and 1.3 (−20.4 to 23.0). The oscillometric NIBP passed all validation criteria, except correlation which was <0.9 for SAP, DAP and MAP.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe Vet20 did not meet all validation criteria by the ACVIM. However, all criteria except correlation were met.     

幼年藏獒血液生理生化指标的研究

对内地生活藏獒37只（雌性19只,雄性18只）断奶时（45日龄）的部分血液生理生化指标进行测定分析,比较了雌雄藏獒的血液生理和生化指标的差异;内地藏獒与西藏高原藏獒、一般犬的差异。结果表明：在测定的12项生理值和12项生化值中,仅单核细胞百分数雌雄之间有显著差异（P〈0．05）,其他指标均无显著差异。内地藏獒与一般犬相比,仅白细胞数、血糖等指标无显著差异,其他各指标均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。内地藏獒与高原藏獒相比,除了白细胞数和血小板数外,其他指标均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。此结果将为内地藏獒养殖及疾病的防治提供基础数据。     

A prospective, randomized comparison of Oxyglobin (HB-200) and packed red blood cell transfusion for canine babesiosis

Objective – To establish the efficacy of Oxyglobin (HB-200) in canine babesiosis and compare it to standard therapy, packed red blood cell transfusion (pRBCT) with respect to improvements in specific parameters of blood gas, acid-base, blood pressure, and subjective evaluations.
Design – Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.
Setting – Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital.
Animals – Twelve dogs (8–25 kg) naturally infected with Babesia rossi and a hematocrit of 0.1–0.2 L/L (10–20%).
Interventions – Treatment groups were randomized to receive either 20 mL/kg of Oxyglobin or pRBCT over 4 hours via a central venous catheter. Transfusions were followed by lactated Ringer's solution infusion. Rectal temperature, femoral arterial and mixed venous blood sampling, oscillometric blood pressure, and subjective assessment of patient status (habitus), and appetite were performed at time points 0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Main Results – Dogs presented with a hypoalbuminemic alkalosis; hyperchloremic, dilutional acidosis; normotensive tachycardia; pyrexia; depression; and anorexia. Both treatments produced similar results, with the exception of significant differences in pH (4 h); PCO₂ (4 h); hemoglobin (8 h, 24 h); mean arterial pressure (48 h); albumin (4 h, 8 h); habitus (8 h, 48 h); and appetite (24 h). Arterial O₂ content was higher for pRBCT than Oxyglobin at 72 hours, but central venous PO₂ did not differ between groups or over time and was consistently subnormal.
Conclusions – Oxyglobin provides similar overall improvements to pRBCT in dogs with anemia from babesiosis, with respect to blood gas, acid-base and blood pressure, although patients receiving packed cells tended to have more rapid normalization of habitus and appetite.     

黄芩苷对H6N6禽流感患鼠血液指标的影响

为了研究黄芩苷对H6N6禽流感(avian influenza,AI)病毒感染小鼠的血液学指标的影响。选用6-8周龄小鼠108只,随机平均分为阴性对照组、病毒阳性组、低、中、高黄芩苷治疗组和西药对照组;攻毒:阴性对照组尾静脉注射灭菌生理盐水0.2mL/只,其余各组均尾静脉注射H6N6禽流感病毒(108EID50) 0.2mL/只;治疗:攻毒3 d后进行灌胃给药,黄芩苷治疗组(0.014,0.028,0.056 mg/只/d),西药对照组(0.39 mg/只/d),病毒阳性组、阴性对照组每天给予等体积灭菌生理盐水,分别于治疗后3、6、9 d采血进行血常规检测。通过对各组别患鼠血液中白细胞、红细胞和血小板数目变化的分析。结果表明:(1)治疗后3、6、9 d高剂量黄芩苷组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数目均极显著低于病毒阳性组和低、中剂量黄芩苷组(P0.01);(2)在治疗3、6和9 d时淋巴细胞数目和淋巴细胞百分比均极显著或显著高于病毒阳性组、低剂量黄芩苷治疗组和中剂量黄芩苷治疗组(P0.01或P0.05),与西药对照组差异不显著(P0.05);(3)在治疗3、6和9 d时,所有黄芩苷治疗组红细胞数目、血红蛋白浓度和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量均极显著高于病毒阳性组(P0.01),与阴性对照组合西药对照组差异不显著(P0.05);(4)在治疗3、6和9 d时所有黄芩苷治疗组血小板数目均极显著低于病毒阳性组(P0.01)。小结:黄芩苷在较高浓度时,对H6N6禽流感引起的炎症反应,具有降低白细胞总数,抑制出血反应的作用。     

羊驼生物学特性和血循环系统的特点

详细论述了 2 0 0 2年 6月我国新引进的经济价值极高的经济动物———羊驼的生物学特性和血循环系统的特点。     

Adaptation of ostriches to transport‐induced stress: Physiometabolic response

This study assessed the effects of five different transport periods on physiometabolic responses and gas exchange in ostriches. It included 138 ostriches that were assigned to five experimental groups. G₁ included 78 birds that were set aside as a reference group (RG). Each one of the four remaining experimental groups included 20 ostriches, which were transported in the following manner: G₁ on one occasion for a period of 1 h; G₂ on one occasion for 2 h; and G₃ on one occasion for 3 h; G_4a was made up of the ostriches from G₁ but they were shipped on a second occasion, for 2 h (making a total of 3 h); finally, G_4b was that same group, but after a third transport period, on this occasion during 3 h (for a total of 6 h). Groups G₂ and G₃ presented the most marked blood alterations (P < 0.05), including an increase in pH, hypocapnia (27.8 ± 0.80 mmHg), hypernatremia (171.75 ± 1.84 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (0.95 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and hyperglycemia (224.05 ± 3.94 mg/dL). Also, group G₃ presented the lowest hematocrit values (26.5 ± 0.47 HTC%). Therefore, transporting ostriches with no prior experience for 3 h caused the most pronounced physiometabolic changes.     

圈养山魈血液生理生化指标测定

应用SysmexF820血球计数仪和OLympusAU400全自动生化分析仪对成都市动物园圈养的23只山魈的89个血液样本的45项生理生化指标进行测定和统计分析,结果表明,山魈血液常规值RBC、HGB、HCT及生化值BUN雄性高于雌性,生化值LDH、HBDH雄性低于雌性,其他项目山魈雌雄间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在成年与非成年山魈测定值比较中,血液常规值RBC、WBC、HGB、HCT、PLT、LYMPH%、LYMPH#及生化值ALB、A/G、Tb、Ib、ALP、Ck、LDH、HBDH、Ca、P、γGGT、K成体低于非成年山魈,而血液常规MO GR%及生化值GLB、Db、BUN、Cr、GLU成年高于非成体,其他项目差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

脑外伤大鼠血液黏度、气体变化及其相关性研究

目的：探讨脑外伤大鼠血液黏度和气体短期内的变化规律及其相关性,探寻其变化规律并分析变化原因。方法：通过大鼠脑外伤模型检测大鼠脑外伤后不同时间点右心房混合静脉血血液黏度和血液气体的变化。结果：脑外伤后血液黏度和对照组比较显著增高（P〈0.05）,在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次高峰;血液pH值在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次低峰,PCO2在伤后30 min、1 d出现2次高峰,PO2在伤后出现下降,12 h达到低峰。结论：脑外伤可致血液黏度增高、血液pH值下降、PCO2升高、PO2下降。     

铁糖注射液对仔猪生长发育的影响试验

铁是构成血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、细胞色素及多种氧化酶的重要成分,为了促进猪的生长,在仔猪出生后第2d于后腿臀部深层肌肉注射韶山大北农动物药业有限公司研制的铁糖注射液(铁硒合剂1mL)。经注射对比,仔猪20日龄体重比对照组提高18.35%,35日龄提高19.57%,60日龄提高19.91%,经F检验都显著提高于对照组(P<0.01)。红血球数和血红蛋白含量测定,仔猪10日龄时分别比对照组提高33.62%,32.75%。20日龄分别提高18.22%和22.56%。经生产中2.1万头仔猪的应用,注射韶山大北农动物药业有限公司研制的铁糖注射液比不注射的,60日龄体重提高10.96%,仔猪成活率达96.67%.提高13.34%。     

Agreement between noninvasive oscillometric and invasive blood pressure measurements in isoflurane-anesthetized guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

ObjectiveTo assess the agreement between an oscillometric device and invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurements in anesthetized healthy adult guinea pigs.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA total of eight adult Hartley guinea pigs.MethodsAll animals were anesthetized; a carotid artery was surgically exposed and catheterized for IBP measurements. A size 1 cuff placed on the right thoracic limb was connected to an oscillometric device for noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) assessment. Concurrent pairs of systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures were recorded simultaneously with both methods every 3 minutes for 30 minutes. Agreement between IBP and NIBP measurements was determined using the Bland–Altman method, considering the recommended standards for the validation of NIBP measurement devices proposed by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM).ResultsThe bias and the 95% limits of agreement were: –14 (–31 to 3) mmHg, –2 (–14 to 10) mmHg and –1 (–13 to 11) mmHg for SAP, DAP and MAP, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe oscillometric device used in this study to measure NIBP did not meet ACVIM criteria for validation. It showed good agreement for DAP and MAP but not for SAP measurements. Considering the small size of these animals and the resulting difficulty in performing percutaneous arterial catheterization, this device might be a useful tool to assess MAP and DAP during anesthetic procedures in adult guinea pigs.     

小熊猫血液生理生化指标的测定

为建立健康成体小熊猫血液生理生化参数指标,选择福州大熊猫研究中心圈养的28只（雌性20只,雄性8只）外观发育正常、临床检查健康的小熊猫作为试验对象,通过食物引诱自行进入夹笼,在无麻醉的情况下,静脉采血。用全自动血细胞分析仪和生化分析仪检测23项血液参数和25项血液生化参数。用SPSS11．5统计软件包对各参数计算平均值（X^-）和标准差（SD）,t检验比较雄性与雌性小熊猫相应指标的差异显著性。测定结果为小熊猫的疾病诊断、动物检疫和相关的研究提供科学的依据。     

农户舍饲奶牛血清钙及游离羟脯氨酸水平测定

采用氯胺T比色法和EDTANa_2滴定法,对重庆市农户舍饲奶牛不同泌乳阶段血清中游离羟脯氨酸与血清钙的水平进行 测定,旨在调查试验条件下奶牛血钙代谢情况以及骨营养不良发生的可能性。结果显示: 在农户全舍饲条件下,血清钙含量Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组,其它各组间差异不显著;Ⅰ～ Ⅵ组血清羟脯氨酸含量分别为2.32±0.37μg/ml、2.36±0.59μg/ml、2.02±0.54μg/ml、1.90±0.44μg/ml、1.98±0.45μg/ml、1.79±0.18μg/ml,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与Ⅵ组差异极显著。采样后2-3个月内进行临床观察,血清游离羟脯氨酸水平与骨营养不良发生率呈现一致性变化。而钙磷摄入不足,比例不当是主要原因。     

贵妃鸡与麒麟鸡杂交F1代血液生理生化指标的测定

为给贵妃鸡（♂）与麒麟鸡（♀）杂交F1代的人工饲养繁殖、健康状况检测以及经济开发等提供科学的参考数据和理论依据,试验对12周龄贵妃鸡与麒麟鸡杂交F1代进行血液生理生化指标测定与分析。结果表明：①血液生理指标：杂交公鸡红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、红细胞压积（HCT）在数值上极显著高于母鸡（P〈0.01）,白血球计数（WBC）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）显著高于母鸡（P〈0.05）;②血液生化指标：杂交公鸡的甘油三酯（TG）、尿酸（UA）指标在数值上显著高于母鸡（P〈0.05）,磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）指标在数值上显著低于母鸡（P〈0.05）。杂交F1代的血液生理生化指标具有相对稳定性,这一结果能为贵妃鸡（♂）与麒麟鸡（♀）杂交F1代疾病诊断、治疗和饲养管理提供参考。     

新疆焉耆马血液生理指标的测定

运用美国雅培公司生产的CD1200型全自动血液分析仪,对21匹健康新疆焉耆马进行红细胞、白细胞、血小板等15项指标的测定.目前我国关于马血液指标的报道很少,对新疆焉耆地区的马血液指标未见有相关的报道,其测定结果可供兽医临床参考.