浒苔和江蓠对仙居鸡产蛋性能的影响

研究了不同种类、比例的海藻粉对不同日龄仙居蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响。选取10日龄健康仙居蛋鸡2 800只,随机均分为14组,第1组为对照组,其他各试验组分别添加江蓠、浒苔、蝇蛆、蝇蛆皮4种不同种类与比例的添加剂,试验期6个月。结果表明,海藻粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质均有不同程度的提高,其中江蓠、蝇蛆混合添加组产蛋率提高极为显著(P<0.01)、料蛋比下降明显(P<0.05);浒苔粉能显著改善蛋黄颜色(P<0.05)。同时,比较饲喂相同添加剂的试验组发现,10日龄添加组平均日增重普遍高于70日龄添加组。     

江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标、体组成和肠道组织结构的影响

本试验旨在研究江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣替代饲料中鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标、体组成和肠道组织结构的影响。试验共制成5种等氮等脂的饲料,首先配制含60%鱼粉的基础饲料(鱼粉组,作为对照组),然后分别将10%的江蓠、浒苔、藻渣、菌渣与植物蛋白质(谷朊粉、玉米蛋白粉和豆粕)配合后替代基础饲料中35%的鱼粉,投喂初始体重为(16.00±0.11)g的大菱鲆幼鱼77 d。结果表明:1)江蓠、藻渣和菌渣组的增重率、特定生长率与鱼粉组无显著差异(P0.05),浒苔组则显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05);江蓠和鱼粉组的饲料效率无显著差异(P0.05),二者均显著高于浒苔、藻渣、菌渣组(P0.05);鱼粉组的蛋白质沉积率显著高于浒苔、藻渣、菌渣组(P0.05),与江蓠组无显著差异(P0.05)。2)江蓠、浒苔组的鱼体粗蛋白质含量显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05),藻渣、菌渣组的鱼体粗脂肪含量显著高于鱼粉组(P0.05);江蓠、浒苔、藻渣和菌渣组肌肉中组氨酸和牛磺酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05),浒苔和藻渣组肌肉中赖氨酸含量显著低于鱼粉组(P0.05);各组血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和肝脏谷草转氨酶活性无显著差异(P0.05),鱼粉组肝脏谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于江蓠和菌渣组(P0.05),与浒苔和藻渣组无显著差异(P0.05)。3)菌渣组的前肠和中肠皱襞高度显著高于鱼粉组(P0.05),藻渣组的前肠皱襞高度显著高于鱼粉组(P0.05),各组前肠和中肠微绒毛高度无显著差异(P0.05)。综合来看,将10%江蓠、藻渣和菌渣与植物蛋白质配合后替代饲料中35%的鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能无不良影响,并且藻渣和菌渣对大菱鲆幼鱼的肠道组织结构有改善作用。     

日粮中浒苔添加水平对肉鸡免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响

为探讨肉鸡日粮中浒苔添加水平对肉鸡免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响,选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡240只,按单因素随机试验设计分为4组(每组6个重复,每重复10只鸡),分别饲喂浒苔添加量为0(对照组)、2%、3%和4%的日粮,试验期42 d.结果表明:与对照相比,3%的添加量可显著(P<0.05)提高肉鸡二免后新城疫抗体效价水平、血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量;4%的添加量可显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)提高肉鸡后期的外周血T淋巴细胞转化率、免疫器官指数以及血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和白蛋白含量,降低血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙二醛含量,增强血清总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性;各添加水平对肉鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素氮和球蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05).综上所述,浒苔是优良的海藻饲料资源,无毒无害,可以增强机体的免疫和抗氧化功能,改善机体的脂质代谢和蛋白质合成,生产中的建议添加量为3%～4%.     

饲粮中添加浒苔多糖对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加浒苔多糖对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)健康肉公鸡360只,随机分为6组。对照组(D1)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.05%(D2)、0.1%(D3)、0.5%(D4)、0.8%(D5)、1%(D6)的浒苔多糖,试验期42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:肉鸡29~42日龄0.5%浒苔多糖组和1~42日龄0.5%、0.8%浒苔多糖组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);15~28日龄和1~42日龄阶段0.5%浒苔多糖组料重比显著降低(P0.05);浒苔多糖未显著影响平均日采食量(P0.05)。肉鸡42日龄时,1%浒苔多糖组法氏囊指数与对照组差异显著(P0.05);0.8%和1%浒苔多糖组肉鸡血清中IFN-γ的含量显著提高(P0.05);添加水平为0.5%时肉鸡全血中的淋巴细胞转化率显著提高了1.55倍(P0.05);浒苔多糖未显著影响IL-2、IL-6水平、新城疫抗体滴度、胸腺以及脾脏的器官指数。综上,在基础饲粮中添加浒苔多糖可以有效改善肉鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,且以0.5%~1%的添加量最为适宜。     

浒苔粉对肉鸭生长性能、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同水平的浒苔对肉鸭生长性能、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标的影响。288只1日龄的健康樱桃谷雏鸭,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每组重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加2%、3%、4%的浒苔干粉,试验期42 d。结果表明:日粮中添加3%和4%的浒苔干粉可显著提高日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05);可显著提高平均活体重、屠宰率、半净膛率(P0.05);添加4%的浒苔干粉可显著提高全净膛率(P0.05);添加2%~4%的浒苔干粉可显著提高胸肌率(P0.05);添加3%和4%的浒苔干粉可显著提高肉鸭的免疫器官指数(P0.05);日粮中添加3%浒苔干粉可显著提高血清总蛋白和白蛋白的含量(P0.05)。由此可见,浒苔是一种良好的新型鸭饲料,可提高肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能、改善机体蛋白的合成,生产中建议添加量为3%~4%。     

日粮中不同添加水平浒苔粉对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

选取80只330日龄健康商品代海蓝褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每重复4只,研究不同浒苔添加水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。分别在基础日粮中加入0.0%(对照组)、2.0%(处理1)、3.0%(处理2)、4.0%(处理3)的浒苔粉,调整原料配比使各处理日粮的营养水平基本一致。结果表明:随着浒苔粉添加量的增加,试验鸡的饲料采食量、产蛋率、蛋黄色度、蛋黄中磷脂和蛋白质含量有显著提高,而料蛋比、破蛋率、蛋黄中胆固醇含量则显著下降。     

浒苔粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗应激的影响

为研究浒苔粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗应激的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,挑选初始体质量为2.7 g左右的凡纳滨对虾35000尾,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加2%浒苔粉。随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3500尾,在室内流水养殖系统进行为期70 d的养殖试验,养殖池面积15 m2/个。然后对生长、存活率、消化及免疫相关酶等指标进行测定。结果表明:浒苔粉组终末均重、质量增加率及特定生长率均高于对照组,但两个试验组之间差异不显著(P 0.05);浒苔粉组饲料转化率和成活率分别较对照组提高109.7%和36.4%(P 0.05);浒苔粉组脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性较对照组提高47.1%和26.5%(P 0.05)。浒苔粉组超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组提高31.9%(P 0.05);浒苔粉组24 h死亡率较对照组降低58.8%(P 0.05)。综上所述,在本次试验条件下,饲料中添加浒苔粉能改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、免疫及抗应激能力。     

日粮添加橙子皮粉和柑橘粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加橙子皮粉和柑橘粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及抗氧化性能的影响。试验选择25周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡1200只,分为两个试验,每个试验600只鸡,分别分为5个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在对照组日粮中添加0.04%、0.08%、0.16%、0.32%的橙子皮粉和0.04%、0.08%、0.16%、0.32%的柑橘粉,试验共进行11周,包括预饲期1周。结果显示:与对照组相比,0.32%橙子皮粉组显著降低蛋鸡产蛋率(P 0.05);0.08%柑橘粉组较对照组显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率(P 0.05),而0.16%柑橘粉组较对照组显著提高蛋黄重量(P 0.05)。随着日粮中橙子皮粉或柑橘粉添加水平的升高,蛋黄和鸡蛋胆固醇含量表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05),其中0.08%和0.16%橙子皮粉组较对照组显著降低了蛋黄和鸡蛋胆固醇含量(P 0.05),而0.16%柑橘粉组蛋黄和鸡蛋胆固醇含量最低(P 0.05)。日粮添加0.16%和0.32%橙子皮粉或0.04%和0.15%柑橘粉较对照组显著降低了血清胆固醇含量(P 0.05),而日粮添加0.16%和0.32%橙子皮粉或0.16%柑橘粉较对照组显著降低了血清甘油三酯的含量(P 0.05);日粮中橙子皮粉和柑橘粉添加水平对血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量均表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05)。与对照组相比,0.16%橙子皮粉组显著提高了血清SOD、CAT活力、氧自由基清除率和铁螯合率(P 0.05);橙子皮粉对铁螯合率和柑橘粉对T-AOC的影响为显著线性关系外(P 0.05),对其他抗氧化指标均表现为显著二次曲线效应(P 0.05)。所以,橙子皮粉和柑橘粉均能降低血清和蛋黄中胆固醇水平,改善蛋鸡抗氧化性能,日粮中适宜的橙子皮粉或柑橘粉添加水平可以达到0.32%。     

杜仲叶粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及蛋黄胆固醇的影响

试验旨在研究杜仲叶对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及蛋黄胆固醇的影响。选取720只327日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复36只蛋鸡。对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%杜仲叶粉。预试期1 w,正式试验期7 w。结果显示,1.0%组、1.5%组蛋鸡的产蛋率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。1.0%组鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。1.0%组、1.5%组蛋鸡血清总胆固醇（TC）含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。各试验组蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。1.0%组、1.5%组蛋黄胆固醇含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究表明,日粮中添加杜仲叶粉可以改善蛋鸡的产蛋率和蛋品质,降低血清总胆固醇和蛋黄胆固醇含量,提高抗氧化能力,杜仲叶粉推荐添加量为1.0%。     

饲粮中不同水平浒苔对蛋鸡蛋黄品质、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中不同水平浒苔对蛋鸡蛋黄品质、抗氧化能力和血清生化指标的影响.试验选取80只330日龄健康商品代海蓝褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每重复4只.4个组的饲粮中浒苔添加水平分别为0(对照组)、2.0%(Ⅰ组)、3.0%(Ⅱ组)、4.0%(Ⅲ组),试验期为49 d.结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅲ组蛋黄色...     

Eimeria capricornis n.sp., E. nihonis n.sp., E. naganoensis n.sp., and E. kamoshika n.sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus

Eimeria capricornis n.sp., E. nihonis n.sp., E. naganoensis n.sp. and E. kamoshika n.sp. were detected from the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus. The oocysts of these species were ovoid to ellipsoid, measuring 48.02 +/- 0.53 x 33.93 +/- 0.35 microns, 29.73 +/- 0.45 x 21.01 +/- 0.29 microns, 20.04 +/- 0.05 x 15.77 +/- 0.04 microns and 30.02 +/- 4.24 x 14.58 +/- 2.03 micron, respectively. In all the species the micropyle was observed, but the micropylar cap and oocyst residuum were not present. The polar granules were observed in the oocysts of E. capricornis. The sporocysts of the above species were spherical to elongate ovoid, measuring 15-23 x 8-13 microns, 14-16 x 7-10 microns, 11-13 x 6-8 microns and 8-10 x 6-7 microns, and the sporulation time was 6, 3, 3 and 6 days, respectively. The sporocyst residuum and refractile body were seen in all the species. In the sporocysts of E. naganoensis and E. kamoshika tiny Stieda body was seen, but not in the other two species. These four Eimeria species were not infective to goats.     

Clinical problems of sloths (Bradypus sp. and Choloepus sp.) in captivity.

A 20-yr retrospective study of disease prevalence was carried out for 51 sloths (34 Bradypus sp. and 17 Choloepus sp.) at the S?o Paulo Zoo. A total of 81 clinical disorders were detected, including nutritional (45.7%), digestive (12.3%), and respiratory (12.3%) problems and injuries (6.1%). A definitive diagnosis was not possible in 8.6% of the cases. The incidence of disease varied according to seasonal climate (winter, 32.5%; spring, 24%; summer, 22.9%; autumn, 20.5%), time in captivity (96.4% of diseases occurred within the first 6 mo and 3.6% occurred thereafter), and type of enclosure (quarantine cage, 96.4%; exhibition enclosure, 3.6%). Both young animals (86.7%) and adults (3.2%) were affected. Parasites were identified by fecal examination in 45.4% of animals with clinical illness (Ascaris sp., 80%; Coccidia sp., 20%). Bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii were isolated from feces and/or organs. The first 6 mo in captivity are critical for these animals. Proper management and early identification of medical conditions in captivity have implications for sloth population in the wild.     

Sarcocystis sp. encephalomyelitis in a cat

Abstract: A 5‐month‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for spinal pain, ataxia, and anisocoria. Neuroanatomic localization indicated diffuse or multifocal central nervous system disease. On cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neutrophilic pleocytosis and intracellular protozoal merozoites were observed. The merozoites were oval, 2–4 μm in width and 4–6 μm in length, and had linear arrays of nuclear material concentrated at one pole. Serum was positive for Sarcocystis sp. antibodies and negative for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The organism was determined to be either Sarcocystis neurona or Sarcocystis dasypi based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 ribosomal RNA genomic region. Clinical disease resolved following treatment with 3 different protocols for protozoal infection. This case is the first to demonstrate the antemortem diagnosis and survival of a domestic cat with Sarcocystis sp.‐associated encephalomyelitis. Clinicians and cytopathologists should include Sarcocystis sp. as a differential for feline inflammatory central nervous system disease characterized by neutrophilic pleocytosis.     

牛肉中沙门氏菌的检测

对95份牛肉样品进行沙门氏菌实验室检测,通过增菌、选择性分离培养及生化试验、血清学鉴定等检验,结果3份样品检出沙门氏菌,检出阳性率为3.15%。     

Immune response in farm animals infected or immunised with bacteria of Chlamydia sp. and Chlamydophila sp. genus

Bacteria from genera Chlamydia (Ch.) and Chlamydophila (Chl.) are very pathogenic and may infect humans and animals. They also may cause latent infection, especially in animals. In this paper we discuss the non-specific and specific cellular and humoral immunity in farm animals, after infection or immunisation with Chlamydia sp. and Chlamydophila sp. bacteria. It has been shown, that the infection or immunisation with the microorganisms influenced the activity of polimorphonuclear cells (PMN) and mononuclear cells (MN) in the process of phagocytosis. It has also been shown that the bacteria influenced the amount and activity of lysozyme, activities of myeloperoxidase and lysosomal enzymes. Infection or immunisation with the microorganisms was demonstrated to affect numbers of lymphocytes T and B and those of their subpopulation as well as the activity of cytokines and levels of serum and secreted immunoglobulins. The changes were detected just a few hours after infection or immunisation and persisted for a few days to a few decades.     

Babesia peircei sp. nov. from the jackass penguin

An avian piroplasm, Babesia peircei sp. nov. is described from the jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus. Morphological differences between Babesia peircei sp. nov. and the other valid Babesia spp. are discussed together with the possible vectors.