“养猪生产中的微量元素营养”专栏(四) 动物矿物质需要与环境污染间的平衡

当猪舍规模变得越来越大且每个猪舍均饲养数千头猪时,随之产生的富含氮、磷、钾和其他矿物质的废水每年则高达数千吨,这越来越引起了人们的担忧,要求养猪业采取负责任的行动以减少此类污染源的呼声越来越高。     

动物矿物质需要与环境污染问的平衡

当猪舍规模变得越来越大且每个猪舍均饲养数千头猪时，随之产生的富含氮、磷、钾和其他矿物质的废水每年则高达数千吨，这越来越引起了人们的担忧，要求养猪业采取负责任的行动以减少此类污染源的呼声越来越高。     

现代化标准化阳光猪舍应用效果的试验

为验证现代化标准化阳光猪舍的应用效果,进行饲养试验。试验分为饲养产仔母猪试验和饲养育肥猪试验两部分,选择长大与大长二元产仔母猪以及健康、体重和日龄相近的杜长大与杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪。结果显示试验组的产仔数、初生个体重、发病数、发病率、断奶数、断奶成活率、断奶个体重、日增重和料重比等均优于对照组。本次试验证实,实际饲养过程中阳光猪舍健康养殖模式综合配套技术具有实用性。     

规模猪场防疫体系存在的问题及解决措施

1存在的问题 1.1猪场设计不利于防疫 由于受资金、土地和当时养猪水平的限制,数千头或更大规模的猪场布局在1个区域内,猪舍间距也较小。有的猪场则采用所谓的一体化设计模式,将数以千计的不同年龄的各类猪饲养在同栋猪舍内。     

平衡法则—微量元素需求与环境污染

随着养猪生产规模越来越大,一个猪舍内饲养几千头猪是司空见惯的事。因此人们也越来越关注每年百万吨因生猪养殖而造成的氮、磷、钾和高浓度微量元素的污染排放问题。越来越多的呼声要求养猪业承担责任以降低因养猪生产排放而造成的污染。     

长·大杂种母猪的繁殖性能观察

观察了长·大杂种母猪及其亲本(父本长白、母本大约克)和杂种母猪的与配公猪本洛克猪近两年初产和第二胎268窝的繁殖成绩:1.初产:总产仔数分别为10.2头,9.29头、9.46头和9.20头;产活仔数分别为10.05头、8.88头、8.98头和9.07头;35日龄断奶45日龄窝重分别为138.37千克、113.86千克、115.23千克和117.52千克。2.经产:总产仔数分别为11.81头、10.2头、11.61头和9.92头;产活仔数分别为11.56头、9.70头、11.39头和9.67头;35日龄断奶45日龄窝重分别为149.30千克、113.1千克、128.47千克和121.35千克。长·大杂种母猪的繁殖性能显著优于双亲及其与配公猪品种,表现出显著的杂种优势。     

冬季保暖对生长猪生长性能效果试验

l 试验目的华中地区四季分明,夏季炎热,冬季寒冷,最低温度-8℃,持续期长达2～4个月,冬季在敞开式猪舍养猪,增重慢,效益低.本试验目的通过卷帘布封闭猪舍,利用猪自身热量保暖,探索适宜华中地区生长猪舍的最佳设计.     

自然通风式哺乳猪舍环境及母猪繁殖性能季节性变化规律研究

为探究华南地区两广小花猪自然通风哺乳猪舍环境及母猪繁殖性能季节性的变化规律,本研究监测了华南地区不同季节1栋哺乳猪舍内外温湿度、二氧化碳浓度及母猪繁殖性能相关指标。结果表明：哺乳猪舍在春季、夏季和秋季平均温度高于27℃、平均相对湿度高于80%;冬季舍内平均温度为24.8℃,平均相对湿度低于80%;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度最高,日平均值为2 058 mg/m³;夏季断奶窝仔猪数、仔猪断奶窝重和仔猪平均日增重低于其他3个季节(P<0.05),且随着温度和温湿指数的升高而降低(P<0.05)。综上,华南地区采用自然通风舍饲养的两广小花猪哺乳母猪的繁殖性能随舍内温度和温湿度指数的升高而降低。     

冬季发酵床养殖模式对猪舍环境及猪生产性能的影响

研究冬季发酵床养猪模式对猪舍环境、猪生产性能及免疫性能的影响.试验选用60头三元杂交断奶仔猪,分为两个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复6头猪.对照组为传统的水泥地面猪舍养殖模式,试验日粮为基础日粮+10%杆菌肽锌20mg/kg与10%硫酸粘杆茵素20mg/kg;试验组为发酵床猪舍养殖,试验日粮为基础日粮+O.1%日本酵素.测试指标为猪舍温度、相对湿度、悬浮颗粒浓度、氨气浓度、猪料肉比、平均日增重及血清IgA、IgM、IgG浓度.试验时间106d.结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了猪舍温度(P<0.05),极显著降低了猪舍氨气和悬浮颗粒浓度(P<0.01),对猪舍相对湿度无显著影响;试验组显著提高了平均日增重、饲料转化率及血清IgA、IgG浓度(P<0.05),对血清IgM浓度无显著影响.试验表明冬季发酵床养猪模式可改善猪舍环境,提高猪的生产性能与免疫性能,优于水泥地面养殖模式.     

一起疑似猪蓝耳病的治疗体会

辽宁省北部某村外养猪小区饲养生猪2616头,分20栋猪舍饲养,其中第七栋猪舍中有3个单元的40千克育肥猪发病,在2周内波及整栋猪群。经笔者诊治后痊愈,现报告如下。     

Biosecurity: safeguarding your veterinarian: client: patient relationship.

Biosecurity is the management practice that reduces the opportunities for infectious agents to gain access to, or spread within, a food animal production unit. As the public's concern for food safety continues to be directed toward the producer, a well-defined and well-documented biosecurity plan will be a significant factor in ensuring that animal products are safe, wholesome, and acceptable. Veterinarians are the initial control point for biosecurity and therefore are expected by their clientele and the general public to assist in establishing, defining, refining, and practicing biosecurity programs.     

难忘的编外烈士赛虎

2004年“五一”黄金周,我推辞一切应酬,约老战友李强一同踏上北去的列车,去看望我们的战友——长眠在那里的编外烈士赛虎。     

Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis: part 1: pathophysiology

Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a common disease process in the dog.(1) The immune-mediated polyarthropathies are divided into two major categories: erosive (or deforming) and nonerosive (or nondeforming). Understanding the pathophysiology of the immune attack on affected joints is paramount in choosing the most effective therapy for managing canine IMPA. This review article is the first of a two-part series and focuses on the pathophysiology of IMPA. The second article in this series, to be published in the March/April 2012 issue, concentrates on the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis.     

Interspecies allometric scaling: prediction of clearance in large animal species: part II: mathematical considerations

Interspecies scaling is a useful tool for the prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters from animals to humans, and it is often used for estimating a first-time in human dose. However, it is important to appreciate the mathematical underpinnings of this scaling procedure when using it to predict pharmacokinetic parameter values across animal species. When cautiously applied, allometry can be a tool for estimating clearance in veterinary species for the purpose of dosage selection. It is particularly valuable during the selection of dosages in large zoo animal species, such as elephants, large cats and camels, for which pharmacokinetic data are scant. In Part I, allometric predictions of clearance in large animal species were found to pose substantially greater risks of inaccuracies when compared with that observed for humans. In this report, we examine the factors influencing the accuracy of our clearance estimates from the perspective of the relationship between prediction error and such variables as the distribution of body weight values used in the regression analysis, the influence of a particular observation on the clearance estimate, and the 'goodness of fit' (R(2)) of the regression line. Ultimately, these considerations are used to generate recommendations regarding the data to be included in the allometric prediction of clearance in large animal species.