蛋鹌鹑高产饲养技术

鹌鹑具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力高、抗病力强、易饲养等特点.鹌鹑蛋营养丰富,既是良好的食品,又是食疗的珍品;同时鹌鹑蛋还可以加工成无铅皮蛋、虎皮蛋及清水鹑蛋罐头、鹑蛋粉、鹑蛋松等再制蛋品,深受消费者喜爱.蛋鹌鹑饲料报酬高,40～50日龄开产,年产蛋最在260～300枚左右,因此饲养鹌鹑是一项应该大力推广的养殖业.     

无铅溏心鹌鹑皮蛋最佳配方的研究

研究采用多配方重复试验的方法确定加工鹌鹑皮蛋的最佳配方。在试验中，通过对各配方在不同时期进行质量检查，经对比筛选，结果表明：料液NaOH浓度5．5％～6．0％最为理想，成品质量优良，工艺稳定可靠。     

鹌鹑饲养技术要点

鹌鹑具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力高、抗病力强、易饲养等特点。鹌鹑蛋营养丰富，既是良好的食品，又是食疗的珍品；同时鹌鹑蛋还可以加工成无铅皮蛋、虎皮蛋及清水鹑蛋罐头、鹑蛋粉、鹑蛋松等再制蛋品，深受消费者喜爱。蛋鹌鹑饲料报酬高，40～50日龄开产，年产蛋量在260～300枚。     

高产蛋鹌鹑的饲养管理

鹌鹑具有生长快、成熟早、繁殖力高、抗病力强、易饲养等特点。鹌鹑蛋营养丰富，既是良好的食品，又是食疗的珍品。同时，鹌鹑蛋还可以加工成无铅皮蛋、虎皮蛋及清水鹑蛋罐头、鹑蛋粉、鹑蛋松等再制蛋品，深受消费者喜爱。蛋鹌鹑饲料报酬高，40～50日龄开产，年产蛋量在260～300枚左右，因此，饲养蛋鹌鹑是一项值得推广的养殖项目。     

鹌鹑皮蛋的加工新法

以鹌鹑蛋为原料加工的皮蛋，不仅营养丰富，而且具有特殊的风味和保健功能，深受广大消费者的喜爱。笔者结合多年的实践对鹌鹑皮蛋的加工进行了系统的比较试验，优化出最佳的工艺新配方，现将其加工新法介绍如下：     

浸泡液中NaOH浓度对鸡皮蛋成型时间及品质的影响

本试验以鸡蛋为原料，采用石灰纯碱浸泡法加工工艺，分别用CuSO4和ZnSO4为辅料加工皮蛋，监测浸泡液中不同时期各NaOH浓度梯度下浸泡液中的pH，鸡皮蛋内蛋白和蛋黄的pH变化规律以及不同浸泡时期料液NaOH浓度对皮蛋成型、质量、感官的影响。结果表明：NaOH浓度为4．8％的铜盐组以及5．1％的锌盐组和铜盐组，蛋黄内外均呈现墨绿色，溏心大，松花多，蛋白弹性好，不粘手。     

无铅溏心鹌鹑皮蛋的加工

以鹌鹑蛋为原料加工皮蛋,不仅营养丰富,而且具有特殊的风味和保健功能,深受广大消费者的喜爱。笔者结合多年的教学实践,对鹌鹑皮蛋的加工进行了系统的比较试验,优化出最佳的工艺配方,现介绍如下:1料液配制配料:鹌鹑蛋10千克、开水10千克、生石灰2千克、纯碱0.8千克、食盐0.3千克、红茶末0.2千克、硫酸酮0.012千克、硫酸锌0.012千克。料液调制:先将纯碱、红茶末放入缸底,然后将开水倒入缸中,随即放入硫酸酮、硫酸锌,充分搅拌后再逐渐放入生石灰,最后加入食盐,搅拌均匀,冷凉待用。验料:有条件的地方可采用酸碱滴定法测定料液中氢氧化钠的浓度(…     

采用浸泡、涂膜制作鹌鹑皮蛋的新工艺

松花皮蛋是我国著名的特产之一,相传已有数百年的历史了。历年来我国制作松花皮蛋都是以鸭蛋为主要原料进行生产的。近年来随着国内养鸡业和多种养殖业的大量发展,特别是我国北方部分地区,已采用了鸡蛋和鹌鹑蛋来制作松花皮蛋。由于八十年代以来养鹑业的大力发展,使鹌鹑皮蛋已开始进入了蛋品市场。我所自一九八三年以来,进行了鹌鹑皮蛋的大量研究工作,最近试制成功的松花皮蛋以风味独特,色泽鲜美,在     

安陆市神丹保健食品有限责任公司

湖北农腾集团安陆市神丹保健食品有限责任公司,融种鹑繁育、蛋鹑饲养、鹌鹑皮蛋加工于一体,是目前中南地区最大的鹌鹑生产基地和唯一的鹌鹑皮蛋加工专业场家。公司现存笼朝鲜龙城鹌鹑纯系和隐性白羽鹌鹑纯系种鹌鹑共２万套,年可向社会提供蛋鹑苗２００万只。公司采用“...     

鹌鹑养殖女能人胡应仙

<正>云南省会泽县金钟镇中河村委会10组农家妇女胡应仙苦心钻研鹌鹑养殖技术,依靠科技,走上了鹌鹑养殖脱贫致富路,年收入40多万元,还带动当地20多位姐妹走鹌鹑养殖、鹌鹑蛋加工及销售一条龙的致富路。     

基于ImageJ图像处理技术检测家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数和良卵率

家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数、良卵率是蚕种品质检验的2项重要指标。为了提高检验效率,利用ImageJ图像处理软件建立检测家蚕一代杂交种良卵数、良卵率的新方法。分别利用这种图像处理方法和人工计数方法检测12个家蚕品种的蚕卵样本每克蚕卵的良卵数、总卵数,采用新方法检测获得的结果数据的相对误差均<1%。对2种方法获取的每克蚕卵良卵数、总卵数数据进行t测验,其t值均小于t0.05(22)=2.074,说明2种检测方法获取的检测结果差异不显著。相关性分析表明,利用2种检测方法对每克蚕卵良卵数、总卵数的检测结果的相关系数分别为0.9979、0.9982,2种检测方法获得的结果数据间呈极显著的线性相关。与人工计数检测方法相比,采用ImageJ图像处理技术的检测方法具有方便快捷的特点,可用于生产上家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数、良卵率检测。     

An epidemiological analysis of Salmonella enteritidis contamination in a rat-infested chicken layer farm, an egg processing facility, and liquid egg samples by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

In order to determine the epidemiological link between the Salmonella Enteritidis contamination in a rat-infested chicken layer farm, an attached egg processing facility and liquid egg samples, several S. Enteritidis isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and bacteriophage typing. A total of 33 S. Enteritidis strains were isolated from a total of 4,081 samples. Similar pulsed-field patterns were generated by S. Enteritidis isolates from liquid eggs, rats and effluent water. Additionally, only two phage types were detected among the S. Enteritidis isolates, PT 1b and PT 6. These results suggest that S. Enteritidis isolates from rats, egg processing facility, and liquid eggs are genetically related. Furthermore, S. Enteritidis infection in rats in layer farms poses a serious public health concern and should be included in future epidemiological studies.     

不同储存温度下鸡蛋表面和内部真菌动态研究

试验旨在通过检测商品鸡蛋在不同储存温度和时间蛋壳表面和内容物中真菌的数量和类别，了解真菌污染的动态变化，为改善鸡蛋储存条件并延长保鲜期提供参考。采取冀南某养殖小区不同养鸡场180枚新鲜鸡蛋，分别在25和4 ℃无菌环境下储存42 d，每7 d进行一次蛋壳和蛋液的真菌数量和类别检测。真菌数量检测参照国家标准GB 4789.15-2016；真菌种类鉴定采用形态观察结合rDNA-ITS序列分析法。试验结果显示，鸡蛋内外真菌检出率和数量均随储存时间延长而显著增长；蛋壳比蛋液真菌检出时间早、检出率高，蛋液处理组真菌检出率在21~28 d快速增长；在相同时间点，25 ℃处理组真菌数量（菌落数）显著高于4 ℃处理组，蛋壳处理组显著高于蛋液处理组（P<0.05）；在蛋壳和蛋液中共分离鉴定了168个真菌菌株，分属于18个种（属），其中优势属为青霉属（Penicillium sp.），优势种为草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalicum）；蛋液与蛋壳处理组的总菌落数和分离株数分别呈显著（P<0.05）和极显著相关（P<0.01）。综上，在采样养殖场环境下，鸡蛋的真菌污染普遍存在；样品真菌检出率和菌落总数均随储存时间延长呈明显上升趋势；冷藏（4 ℃）是防止鸡蛋真菌污染扩展的有效方法；蛋液的真菌污染可能主要来自蛋壳表面的真菌污染；样品鸡蛋污染真菌的多样性较高，其优势种属多为环境常在菌，但污染真菌中也有部分致病或产毒种类。     

沉性大卵径鱼卵的观察方法与虹鳟的胚胎发育

虹鳟等冷水性鱼类产沉性卵,由于卵膜较厚,不作特殊处理,肉眼无法直接观察其胚胎发育的过程。该研究分别采用0.6%~1.0%胰蛋白酶酶解透明、透明液处理和5%甲醛固定剥膜的方法对虹鳟的受精卵进行处理,在显微镜下比较3种处理方法并对虹鳟胚胎发育进行观察。结果表明,用胰蛋白酶适度处理以后,卵膜呈透明状态,可以用显微镜清楚的观察到各个发育时期;用透明液处理以后,卵膜仍然较厚,在发眼前期,仅可观察到胚胎的大致发育时期,发眼期以后,虽然可以观察到每一个发育时相,但效果较差;采用甲醛固定后卵膜及卵内物质变性,胚胎固化形态稳定,发育时相得以固定,机械去除卵膜以后,各发育时相清晰可见,进而可以深入研究其胚胎发育。通过对甲醛固定以后的胚胎观察,可以将虹鳟的胚胎发育分为囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、眼球色素出现期和循环期等21个时期。     

液体蛋的超高压杀菌效果试验研究

液体蛋的超高压处理,与传统的热处理相比有许多优越性,具有十分广阔的应用前景。本文研究了液体蛋超高压处理后细菌致死率与处理压力、保压时间的关系。结果表明,液体蛋中细菌致死率随压力和保压时间的增加而增大;压力为440MPa、保压10min时,细菌致死率为99．72％,保压20min时,细菌致死率为99．909／6。压力为400MPa、保压20min,蛋液的初始细菌总数由13100cfu／mL降到31cfu／mL,完全符合国家鸡蛋卫生标准细菌总数小于100cfu／mL的要求。经感官评定,室温下,密封于消毒培养皿中未经处理液体蛋10天后开始发霉、变质,而经过300MPa、保压10min处理的液体蛋30d以后依然新鲜如初。     

Resistance to thiabendazole, fenbendazole and levamisole in Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species in sheep on a Kenyan farm

Resistance to thiabendazole (TBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ) and levamisole (LVM) in naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep was investigated on a farm where anthelmintic resistance was suspected. This was measured by both the in vitro egg hatch assay, and reductions in faecal egg and worm counts in treated animals. In the egg hatch assay, nematode eggs were incubated in various concentrations of either TBZ or LVM. The level of resistance was expressed as the drug concentration inhibiting 50% of the eggs from hatching (LC50). The nematode population had LC50 values of 0.26 microgram ml-1 TBZ and 3.12 micrograms ml-1 LVM. In the faecal egg and worm count reduction test, naturally infected sheep were treated with either TBZ (88 mg kg-1), FBZ (10 mg kg-1) or LVM (15 mg kg-1). Faecal egg and total worm counts from these sheep were then compared with counts from untreated sheep. TBZ, FBZ and LVM failed to reduce the faecal egg counts and total worm counts by more than 90%. Based on the identification of larvae from faecal cultures, the most predominant nematode species in the resistant population were Haemonchus (62%) and Trichostrongylus (28%). TBZ reduced faecal egg counts for both species by less than 90%. FBZ and LVM also reduced Haemonchus spp. eggs by less than 90%. Other nematode species numbers did not satisfy criteria for the determination of efficacy.     

桑蚕两广二号蚕种延期冷藏实用化探讨

探索延期冷藏两广二号桑蚕种的有效时间和最适贮藏方法，可以提高生产中大量延期冷藏种的利用率。对已经冷藏160d．320d两广二号蚕种进行延期冷藏调查研究，试验中对蚕种设计了单式冷藏浸酸、单式冷藏不浸酸、复式冷藏浸酸、复式冷藏不浸酸区等处理方式。主要调查了实用孵化率、绝食80h蚁蚕生命率。结果表明延期冷藏蚕种孵化率随着冷藏时间增加而呈下降趋势，不浸酸区孵化率稍高于浸酸区，复式冷藏孵化率稍高于单式冷藏。     

Genetic Relations between Reproduction,Chick Weight and Maternal Egg Composition in a White Leghorn Line

Selection is a viable way to increase egg dry matter, an important trait for the egg processing industry, but simultaneously a change in the embryonic environment takes place. The main purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the percentage of fertile eggs of eggs set (FERT), percentage of eggs hatched of fertile eggs (HATCH), percentage of live chicks 2 weeks post-hatch of hatched eggs (SURV/h) and of fertile eggs (SURV), and their genetic correlations with egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, yolk proportion, albumen dry matter and mean chick weight in a White Leghorn selection line. Direct and maternal heritabilities were low for FERT, HATCH and SURV, and non-existent for SURV/h. All direct-direct genetic correlations between reproduction traits and egg composition traits were not significant. Maternal-direct genetic correlations between HATCH and egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, yolk proportion and albumen dry matter were - 0.22, - 0.30, 0.28, 0.52 and 0.26, respectively. Similar correlations were found between SURV and egg composition traits. No significant genetic relationship was found between chick weight and post-hatch survival. In conclusion, within the range of values for egg composition in this study, selection for an increased egg dry matter should not impair reproduction.     

Residue Detection of Tetracyclines in Eggs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The study was aimed to establish the method of simultaneous detection of four kinds of tetracyclines,including oxytraoycline,tetracycline,chlortetracycline and doxyeycline in eggs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The eggs samples were detected with HPLC after through the procedure of extraction of 0.1 mol/L Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine buffered solution,purification of Oasis MAX solid-phase extraction column,gradient elution of taking acetonitrile-0.01 mol/mL trifluoroacetic acid as mobile phase,separation with reverse liquid chromatography.The results showed that the calibration curves of four kinds of tetracyclines were linear correlated in the concentration range of 30 to 1 000 ng/g which the limits of detection was 10 ng/g and the limit of quantification was 50 ng/g.The average recoveries were 67.3% to 81.4%,relative standard deviations of intraday was 2.7% to 14.3%,relative standard deviations of inter-day was 0.9% to 5.0%.This mothod established in this study could simultaneously detect oxytetracycline,tetracycline,chlortetracycline and doxycycline drug residues in egg and it had high sensitivity,accuracy and precision.The method was rapid and simple to operate.     

高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中四环素类药物残留方法研究

试验旨在建立同时检测鸡蛋中土霉素、四环素、金霉素和多西环素4种四环素类药物残留的高效液相色谱法。将鸡蛋样品用0.1 mol/L Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲溶液提取,通过Oasis MAX固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈—三氟乙酸(0.01 mol/mL)为流动相,梯度洗脱,反相液相色谱分离测定。结果显示,4种四环素类药物在30~1 000 ng/g范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为10 ng/g,定量限为50 ng/g,平均回收率为67.3%~81.4%,日内相对标准偏差为2.7%~14.3%,日间相对标准偏差为0.9%~5.0%。本研究建立的高效液相色谱法可同时检测鸡蛋中的土霉素、四环素、金霉素和多西环素的药物残留,该方法灵敏度、准确度和精密度较高,操作快速、简单。