铁与维生素A及其互作效应对蛋鸡微量元素铁、锰、锌表观存留率的影响

选用210日龄蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡,采用3×2(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计,研究日粮中不同水平Fe和VA对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期(30～33周龄和34～37周龄)铁、锰、锌表观存留率的影响。日粮铁的添加量分别为0、30、60mg/kg,VA的添加量分别为4000、8000IU/kg。结果表明:日粮不同铁水平对前后期铁、锰表观存留率影响均显著(P<0.05);日粮VA水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响均显著(P<0.05);对后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);对前期锌表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);铁和维生素A的交互作用对前后期铁、锰、锌表观存留率的影响均显著(P<0.05)。结果表明日粮中铁添加量为30mg/kg、VA添加量为4000IU/kg时蛋鸡Fe、Mn、Zn表观存留率最佳。     

铁与维生素A及其互作效应对蛋鸡微量元素铁、锰、锌表观

选用210日龄蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡,采用3&#215;2（Fe&#215;VA）完全随机试验设计,研究日粮中不同水平Fe和VA对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期（30～33周龄和34～37周龄）铁、锰、锌表观存留率的影响。日粮铁的添加量分别为0、30、60mg／kg,VA的添加量分别为4000、8000IU／kg。结果表明：日粮不同铁水平对前后期铁、锰表观存留率影响均显著（P〈0．05）;日粮VA水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响均显著（P〈0．05）;对后期锰表观存留率影响显著（P〈0．05）;对前期锌表观存留率影响显著（P〈0．05）;铁和维生素A的交互作用对前后期铁、锰、锌表观存留率的影响均显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明日粮中铁添加量为30mg／kg、VA添加量为4000IU／kg时蛋鸡Fe、Mn、Zn表观存留率最佳。     

铜和维生素A及其交互作用对饲料中粗蛋白和铜、铁、锌、锰表观存留率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,采用4×2(Cu×VA)完全随机设计,日粮铜的添加量为0、8、150、225mg/kg,VA添加量为1500、5000IU/kg,研究日粮中添加不同铜水平和VA水平对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段(0～4周龄和5～7周龄)粗蛋白表观存留率和铜、铁、锌、锰表观存留率的影响,结果表明:①日粮不同铜水平对前期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01);对前后期铜、铁、锌表观存留率影响均显著(P<0.01);对前后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05)。②日粮不同VA水平对前后期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);对前期铁表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01),对前后期锌的表观存留率均不显著(P>0.05),但P值都小于0.09;对后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05)。③交互作用对前期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01);对后期铜、前期锌、后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);对前后期铁的表观存留率影响均显著(P<0.01)。     

维生素A对鹅生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平维生素A对青农灰鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及组织中维生素A含量的影响。选用1日龄青农灰鹅200只,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鹅。各组在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中分别添加0、1 500、3 000、6 000和12 000 IU/kg的维生素A。试验期12周。结果表明:1)饲粮添加维生素A能显著提高1～4、5～12周龄青农灰鹅平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),降低死淘率,但对料重比影响不显著(P>0.05)。2)4周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低了血清尿酸含量(P<0.05),添加3 000和6 000 IU/kg维生素A极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但对血清总蛋白、血糖和尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05);12周龄时,添加6 000 IU/kg维生素A显著降低血清血糖和尿酸含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但不同水平维生素A对血清总蛋白、尿素氮的含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着饲粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,血清及肝脏中维生素A含量极显著增加(P<0.01)。由此可见,本试验条件下,以生长性能作为衡量标准,1～4周龄青农灰鹅饲粮维生素A适宜添加水平为8 000 IU/kg,5～12周龄为9 000 IU/kg;以血清生化指标作为衡量标准,1～4、5～12周龄维生素A添加水平均以6 000 IU/kg为宜。     

铁与维生素A及其互作效应对肉仔鸡的生产性能、铁、铜、锰、锌表观存留率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡504只 ,随机分为9组 ,每组4个重复 ,每重复14只鸡 ,公母比为1 :1 ,采用3×3(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计 ,研究了日粮中不同水平的Fe和VA对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0～4周龄和5～7周龄 )的生产性能与铁、铜、锰、锌表观存留率的影响。日粮铁的添加量分别为0 ,30 ,60mg/kg ,VA的添加量分别为750,1500,2700IU/kg。结果表明 :①常规日粮中添加铁对肉仔鸡的生产性能影响不显著 (P>0.05) ,添加VA对前后期体增重及日采食量影响均不显著 (P>0.05) ,但对料重比影响接近显著 (P≈0.05) ,Fe和VA交互作用对体增重影响显著 (P<0.05)。②日粮不同铁水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响显著 (P<0.01) ,随着日粮铁水平的增加 ,铁的表观存留率下降 ;对前后期铜表观存留率的影响均不显著(P>0.05) ;对前后期锰表观存留率的影响显著 (P<0.01) ,随着日粮铁水平的增加 ,锰的表观存留率下降 ;对前期锌表观存留率的影响均不显著(P<0.05) ;对后期锌表观存留率的影响均显著 (P<0.01)。③日粮不同VA水平对前后期铁表观存留率的影响显著 ,随着日粮VA水平的增加 ,铁的表观存留率上升 (P<0.05) ;对前后期铜表观存留率的影响均不显著(P>0.05) ;日粮VA水平对前后期锰表观存留率的影响均显著(P<0.01) ,前期VA(1500IU/kg)组锰     

肉仔鸡体内锌和维生素A互作效应及其对锌表观存留率的影响

本研究采用二因素多水平有重复实验设计 ,研究了日粮中不同锌和维生素A水平对肉仔鸡体内维生素A代谢、锌在肝脏和胫骨中的沉积及锌表观存留率的影响。锌的添加水平为40、80、120、160、200、320mg/kg;维生素A的添加水平为2700和8800IU/kg。结果表明 ,在相同的维生素A水平下 ,血清维生素A浓度随日粮锌水平的提高而提高 ,肝脏的维生素A浓度则相应下降 ,说明锌对动员肝脏维生素A入血有重要作用。但当锌的添加量为320mg/kg 时 ,血清、肝脏和肾脏的维生素A浓度均较高 ,说明日粮较高的锌水平在动员肝脏维生素A入血的同时 ,可能也促进了肠道对维生素A的吸收。日粮较高水平的维生素A(8800IU/kg)有促进肝脏和胫骨锌沉积的趋势。日粮锌水平对锌的表观存留率有显著影响 ,表观存留率随锌水平的提高先提高 ,而后又下降     

铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨铁、铜、锰、锌含量的影响

本研究旨在探讨铁和V_A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨中微量元素铁、铜、锰和锌含量的影响。选用27周龄蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡,采用3×2(铁×V_A)完全随机试验设计。试验期8周,分为27~30和31~34周龄两个阶段。日粮铁的添加量分别为0、30和60 mg/kg,V_A的添加量分别为4 000和8 000 IU/kg。结果表明:日粮添加不同水平铁对27~30周龄胫骨锌含量有影响显著(P0.05),对31~34周龄胫骨中铁、锰和锌含量有影响显著(P0.05);日粮V_A添加水平对27~30周龄胫骨铁含量的影响极显著(P0.01),V_A对30~34周龄胫骨铁浓度的影响不显著(P0.05);铁和V_A互作效应对27~30周龄胫骨铜含量的影响显著(P0.05),对31~34周龄胫骨铁和锰含量的影响显著(P0.05)。结果提示:在蛋鸡常规日粮中添加低剂量的铁和高剂量的V_A可获得较理想的胫骨矿物质元素沉积。     

铜和维生素A及其交互作用对饲料中粗蛋白和铜、铁、锌、锰表观存留存率的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,采用4×2(Cu×VA)完全随机设计,日粮铜的添加量为0、8、150、225mg/kg,VA添加量为1500、5000IU/kg,研究日粮中添加不同铜水平和VA水平对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段(0～4周龄和5～7周龄)粗蛋白表观存留率和铜、铁、锌、锰表观存留率的影响,结果表明:①日粮不同铜水平对前期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01);对前后期铜、铁、锌表观存留率影响均显著(P<0.01);对前后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05)。②日粮不同VA水平对前后期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);对前期铁表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01),对前后期锌的表观存留率均不显著(P>0.05),但P值都小于0.09;对后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05)。③交互作用对前期粗蛋白表观存留率影响显著(P<0.01);对后期铜、前期锌、后期锰表观存留率影响显著(P<0.05);对前后期铁的表观存留率影响均显著(P<0.01)。     

日粮铁和维生素A及其互作效应对蛋鸡蛋内微量元素含量的影响

本试验以商品代海兰褐蛋鸡为试验对象,研究铁和维生素A在产蛋鸡蛋内微量元素含量上的相互关系。选用26周龄健康健壮的育成母鸡432只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,采用3×2(Fe×VA)完全随机试验设计,日粮铁的添加量为0、30、60 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量为4 000、8 000IU/kg。从27周龄开始进行正试期为8周的饲养试验,分别于第30和34周龄,从每重复选取蛋1枚用于微量元素测定。结果表明:日粮添加铁的水平为30、60 mg/kg时,鸡蛋微量元素含量增多;维生素A的水平为8 000 IU/kg时,全期鸡蛋微量元素含量增多;铁(30 mg/kg)组和维生素A(8 000IU/kg)组二者互相作用时,鸡蛋内微量元素含量增多。     

铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨质量的影响

试验旨在探讨铁和维生素A及其互作效应对产蛋鸡胫骨质量(胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径、胫骨重量、胫骨强度、胫骨钙磷含量)的影响。采用3×2(铁×维生素A)完全随机试验设计。饲粮铁的添加水平为0、30、60 mg/kg,维生素A的添加水平为4 000、8 000 IU/kg。试验期为8周,分前期(27~30周龄)和后期(31~34周龄)2个阶段。选用27周龄商品代海兰褐蛋鸡432只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每重复12只鸡。结果表明:饲粮铁的添加量为0 mg/kg时,蛋鸡胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径和胫骨强度均达到最高;随着饲粮维生素A添加水平的增高,产蛋鸡胫骨长度、胫骨中截面直径、胫骨重量和胫骨钙含量均增加;铁和维生素A互作效应对蛋鸡胫骨质量的影响表现为铁(60 mg/kg)×维生素A(4 000 mg/kg)组较好。饲粮添加低剂量铁(0~30 mg/kg)和高剂量维生素A(8 000 IU/kg)可获得较理想的胫骨质量。铁和维生素A之间存在互作效应。     

Clinical and experimental modifications of plasma iron and zinc concentrations in cattle

Plasma iron and zinc concentrations were studied in pyrexic cattle or in cattle experimentally infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or Escherichia coli endotoxin. Plasma iron and zinc levels tended to decline in the animals given endotoxin and in the pyrexic cattle, but the plasma iron level was only modified after experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection. These changes were not always related to pyrexia. Plasma iron and zinc concentrations taken together may be used as an indicator of infection.     

Renal lesions and tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and manganese in experimentally zinc intoxicated sheep

Renal lesions were produced in three out of 10 sheep dosed with large quantities of zinc for two to 14 weeks. Administration of the zinc resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of zinc in the kidneys, liver and pancreas, and of copper and iron in the kidneys and pancreas, and a significant decrease in the concentration of manganese in the pancreas. The sheep with kidney damage had increased plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher mean concentrations of zinc in their livers and pancreases, and of copper and iron in their kidneys, than the sheep with no kidney damage.     

高铁高锌牛奶的研制

铁是人体必需的微量元素，是组成血液的重要元素。它制造人体红细胞中血红蛋白（即血色素），参与体内氧和二氧化碳的运送，是细胞色素氧化酶、过氧化氢酶等组织呼吸酶的组成成分。由于膳食铁吸收率低（植物性膳食铁吸收率仅为５％左右，含铁较丰富的动物性膳食铁吸收率也不过１４％），因此容易发生缺铁性贫血，特别多见于婴幼儿、少年、孕妇与乳母。我国１９９７年９省市城乡调查结果，１４岁以下儿童贫血患病率为４７．３％。锌在人体中也具有重要的生理、生化功能及营养作用。它参与细胞的所有代谢过程，在组织呼吸和三大营养素及核酸等…     

Copper, zinc and iron levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of copper poisoned sheep

Copper, zinc and iron levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal and copper poisoned sheep. Copper values were within the range recorded for humans but zinc levels were six to 20 times and iron levels were 20 to 30 times higher than values reported for humans. The amount of copper, zinc and iron in the CSF did not increase in sheep dosed with copper and hence it is unlikely that the level of copper in the CSF is related to the changes in the nervous system that have been reported in copper poisoned sheep.     

Effects of Escherichia coli on iron, copper, and zinc metabolism in chicks

The present report describes the effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin and infection on kinetic changes of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) levels in the transport (serum), storage (liver), and immune organs (spleen and bursa of Fabricius) of the chicken. During infection and endotoxin challenge, increased serum and bursal Cu were noted. Infection and endotoxin both led to a redistribution of Fe with a decrease in serum and an increase in the spleen. Infection decreased serum Zn and concomitantly increased hepatic and splenic Zn. Seven days postinfection, when recovery was well underway, hepatic and splenic Cu and splenic Zn were elevated. Hepatic Fe decreased with recovery, whereas splenic Fe increased. Endotoxin and infection changed trace element kinetics. The endotoxin produced tissue elemental alterations similar to the early stages of infection. This indicated that in early infection, some of the disease responses may be due to endotoxin, whereas the later responses may be due to other aspects of infection such as stress.     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

Serum zinc, chromium, and iron concentrations in dogs with lymphoma and osteosarcoma

We compared serum concentrations of zinc, chromium, and iron in dogs with cancer to those of normal dogs. Dogs with lymphoma (n = 50) and osteosarcoma (n = 52) were evaluated. Dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower (P = .0028) mean serum zinc concentrations (mean +/- SD; 1.0 +/- 0.3 mg/L) when compared to normal dogs (1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/L). Dogs with osteosarcoma also had lower mean serum zinc concentrations (1.1 +/- 0.4 mg/L), but this difference was not significant (P = .075). Serum chromium concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma (2.6 +/- 2.6 microg/L, P = .0007) and osteosarcoma (2.4 +/- 3.1 microg/L, P = .0001) compared to normal dogs (4.7 +/- 2.8 microg/L). Serum iron concentrations and total iron-binding capacity were significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma (110.8 +/- 56.7 microg/dL, P < .0001, and 236.6 +/- 45.6 microg/dL, P < .0001, respectively) and osteosarcoma (99.6 +/- 49.3 microg/dL, P < .0001, and 245.0 +/- 43.8 microg/dL, P = .0011, respectively) when compared to normal dogs (175.1 +/- 56.7 microg/dL and 277.1 +/- 47.4 microg/dL). Mean ferritin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma (1291.7 +/- 63.0 microg/L) than in normal dogs (805.8 +/- 291.1 microg/L, P < .0001) and dogs with osteosarcoma (826.5 +/- 309.2 microg/L, P < .0001). Further investigation is needed to explore the clinical significance of these mineral abnormalities in dogs with cancer.     

饲料铜水平对雏鸡组织器官中铜、铁、锌含量的影响

将80只1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸡,对照组喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸铜10、50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,试验期21 d.试验结果表明:随日粮铜添加水平的增加,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量有所增加,尤其是铜添加量为100 mg/kg时,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).肝脏、胫骨中铁含量随铜添加水平的升高而逐渐下降.肝脏、胫骨中锌含量也随铜添加水平的变化而变化.