氟啶虫酰胺10%可湿性粉剂防治柑橘蚜虫、粉虱等4种柑橘嫩梢期害虫田间药效试验

氟啶虫酰胺属于吡啶酰胺类杀虫剂,为了探明其对柑橘木虱、粉虱、蚜虫、潜叶蛾等柑橘嫩梢期主要害虫的防治效果,于2014年进行了田间小区药效试验。结果表明,氟啶虫酰胺10%可湿性粉剂对柑橘蚜虫(桔蚜和桔二叉蚜)的防效最好,33.3mg/L药后3、7d的防效都超过97.7%;其次是柑橘粉虱,药后2~20d防效为61.52%~86.75%;对柑橘木虱和潜叶蛾的防效较差。防治柑橘木虱的2次试验,仅25.0mg/L在药后3d的防效达56.5%,其余防效均低于50%;33.3mg/L对柑橘潜叶蛾药后5d的防效为34.66%;氟啶虫酰胺10%可湿性粉剂对柑橘蚜虫和柑橘粉虱的防效较好,推荐使用浓度为33.3~50mg/L;对柑橘木虱和柑橘潜叶蛾的防效较差。     

橘潜叶甲、恶性叶甲和柑橘潜叶蛾的识别与防治

橘潜叶甲和恶性叶甲属鞘翅目叶甲科．柑橘潜叶蛾属鳞翅目潜蛾科．这3种柑橘害虫近年在城固县一些柑橘园为害较重,在生产中常被混淆。笔者现将这3种害虫进行对比,以引起大家重视。     

浙西地区柑橘木虱的发生规律与防控对策

柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是为害柑橘的主要害虫之一.20世纪80年代初期,浙江省柑橘木虱仅在温州、丽水和台州等柑橘种植局部区域为害.现已在温州、台州、丽水、金华、宁波、衢州等6市.约全省3/4的橘区广泛发生.2003年浙西橘区衢州市首次发现柑橘木虱,对当地柑橘生产带来严重威胁.     

200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂防治柑橘潜叶蛾的药效试验

在砂糖橘秋梢抽出5 cm前喷施200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC能有效防治柑橘潜叶蛾;药后7 d再喷施1次200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC,保梢效果在93%以上。试验表明,喷药28 d后,灭虫保梢效果显著,建议防治柑橘潜叶蛾使用200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 3 000~4 000倍液。     

湖北柑橘主产区主要病虫害种类及防治技术

为摸清湖北柑橘主产区主要病虫害种类及发生特点,2017年～2018年通过实地调查,并采集标本进行种类鉴定。结果表明,湖北柑橘主产区主要病害有11种,以柑橘炭疽病、沙皮病、绿斑病(青苔病)、根腐病为害最严重;主要害虫有19种,以柑橘红蜘蛛、潜叶蛾、柑橘大实蝇为害最严重。本文对几种主要病虫害提出了防控措施。     

4种剂型噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的田间防治效果

2018年—2019年,采用田间小区试验评价了噻虫胺4种剂型(30%悬浮剂、18%包埋颗粒剂、13.5%壳聚糖微球和0.5%颗粒剂)及2种施用方式(喷雾和沟施)对柑橘木虱的防治效果。结果表明:叶面喷施30%噻虫胺悬浮剂60 mg/kg处理对幼年树及成年树上柑橘木虱的控制效果好且持效期约30 d,而药后46~96 d的防治效果大幅下降,难以控制其为害。在幼年树根部周围拌毒土沟施时,噻虫胺18%包埋颗粒剂和13.5%壳聚糖微球0.1~0.2 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的控制效果较好,且持效期长达96 d;0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂0.1 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的效果好且持效期达46 d,而药后66~96 d的防治效果下降明显,难以控制其为害;在0.1 g/株剂量下,0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂药后7~30 d的效果最好、18%包埋颗粒剂次之、13.5%壳聚糖微球稍差,而18%包埋颗粒剂药后46~96 d的效果最佳、13.5%壳聚糖微球次之、0.5%颗粒剂稍差。在成年树根部周围沟施时,噻虫胺18%包埋颗粒剂、13.5%壳聚糖微球0.6~0.8 g/株处理对柑橘木虱的控制效果好且持效期长达89 d,而0.5%噻虫胺颗粒剂0.2 g/株处理的效果较好且持效期长达89 d;在0.2 g/株剂量下,不同剂型噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的防效差异与幼年树基本一致。此外,当剂型、剂量及施用方式均相同时,噻虫胺对柑橘木虱的控制作用略低于噻虫嗪。综上所述,在柑橘生产实践中,若田间柑橘木虱发生量大,应喷施1次30%噻虫胺悬浮剂60 mg/kg;为有效控制幼年树柑橘木虱为害,应于初发期拌毒土沟施1次,使用药剂为18%噻虫胺包埋颗粒剂,用量为0.2 g/株;针对成年树柑橘木虱,则需将其用量增至0.6 g/株。     

番石榴叶抽提物对柑橘木虱驱避效果

通过使用不同浓度的番石榴抽提物处理九里香枝条上的叶片,比较柑橘木虱停留在试验组与对照组之间的数量差异,分析番石榴抽提物的驱避作用。结果表明,用高于7.5 g/L番石榴抽提物处理叶片,可观察出番石榴抽提物对柑橘木虱有驱避效果。而用15 g/L和20 g/L番石榴抽提物处理叶片,对木虱有显著的驱避作用。     

四唑虫酰胺SC防治柑橘潜叶蛾田间保叶效果试验

为有效防治柑橘潜叶蛾,保护柑橘枝梢,2020年在广西永福县选择200 g/L四唑虫酰胺SC进行了田间防治柑橘潜叶蛾试验,验证该药4 000倍液和10 000倍液的保叶效果。药后20 d,该药4 000倍液、10 000倍液防治柑橘潜叶蛾叶片被害指数分别为2.06和10.54,保叶效果分别为95.25%和75.61%。以4 000倍防效最好,优于对照药剂200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 4 000倍液和2%阿维菌素EC 2 000倍液的处理,在夏梢抽发始期使用1次,叶片被害率明显降低。     

螺虫乙酯防治柑橘木虱药效试验

柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病菌的传播媒介。为控制柑橘黄龙病的为害与传播,进行了螺虫乙酯防控柑橘木虱的试验。结果表明,24%螺虫乙酯SC 4 000倍液对柑橘木虱的药后3 d防效为74.24%~87.04%;药后14 d为91.82%~92.62%;药后28 d为39.08%~88.19%,内吸传导性强,防效较好且持效期长,是防治柑橘木虱的有效药剂。     

九里香挥发物对柑橘木虱的引诱效果及混配筛选试验

为明确九里香Murraya exotica挥发物对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的引诱效果,筛选田间诱杀柑橘木虱的高效混配物组合,采用Y-型嗅觉仪室内测试柑橘木虱对10种九里香挥发物的行为反应,并测定挥发物混剂对柑橘木虱引诱的增效作用以及九里香挥发物混剂对柑橘木虱的田间诱杀效果。试验结果表明,β-石竹烯、D-柠檬烯和芳樟醇对柑橘木虱均有显著的引诱效果,引诱率分别为80.00%、83.33%和73.33%,显著高于其它7种挥发物;混剂B(β-石竹烯∶D-柠檬烯∶芳樟醇=3∶3∶1)对柑橘木虱的引诱率达到88.89%,显著优于其它混剂,增效作用较好;田间悬挂黄色诱虫瓶15 d后,混剂B平均诱集到的柑橘木虱数量为23.3头/瓶,显著优于其它混剂,为矿物油对照的33倍。     

适配太阳能诱虫器诱杀柑橘木虱LED光源的筛选

柑橘木虱(Dia phorina citri)是柑橘黄龙病的传播媒介.为达到治虫防病的目的,在室内利用昆虫行为反应器开展适配太阳能诱虫器的LED光源筛选,结果表明:柑橘木虱成虫对光照强度分别为1 800 lx和4 310 lx的蓝光和绿光(波长分别为460 nm和531 nm)在光照时长为17 h时的趋光性最佳,相同波长条件下,其趋光性与光照强度和光照时长成正相关.该研究结果为进一步探索适宜田间柑橘木虱测报和高效诱杀的LED光源提供理论依据.     

滴施不同水溶肥对玉米产量形成的影响

为了探索不同类型水溶肥对滴灌玉米生产的影响,验证专利配方施肥及施用方法对玉米生产的效果。研究了专利配方施肥(X7)、磷酸脲(X1)、氨基酸粉(X2)、腐植酸钾(X3)、水溶性纳米有机肥(X4)、含氨基酸水溶肥(X5)、含氨基酸水溶肥半量(X6)和不施肥(X8,CK)8个处理6种新型水溶肥料对玉米生产状况及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)滴施氨基酸粉和腐植酸钾能够提早玉米发芽,两处理一周的出苗率均超过50%;氨基酸粉、腐植酸钾和磷酸脲能够促进滴灌玉米发芽率,发芽率均超过90%。(2)专利配方施肥叶面积指数LAI最高,显著高于其他处理。(3)专利配方施肥在一定程度上促进玉米生长,整株生物量为:拔节期,X7X5X6X3X4X1X2X8;开花期,X7X6X5X4X2X1X3X8;成熟期,X2X6X7X4X3X5X1X8。(4)含氨基酸水溶肥的干物质转移量和干物质转移效率对籽粒贡献率最高,显著高于专利配方施肥处理,干物质转移对籽粒贡献率可达43.36%。(5)含氨基酸水溶肥和专利配方施肥有利于玉米产量增加,较不施肥处理分别增产44.5%和46.5%。     

Distribution,biology, ecology and control of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama,a major pest of citrus: A status report for China

Abstract

The Asiatic citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a major pest of citrus in China. Its status derives, not from the damage it causes, but from its role as the only known vector in China of huanglongbing, a phloem-limited bacterial disease of international importance. The disease can devastate orchards within a few years of planting. It also poses a major threat to endangered indigenous citrus germplasm in Asia and Australasia. The distribution, biology, ecology and control of the psyllid in China are reviewed in these contexts. Constraints and challenges related to control of the vector in China are discussed.     

Chemical compounds effective against the citrus Huanglongbing bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' in planta

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide and is threatening the survival of the Floridian citrus industry. Currently, there is no established cure for this century-old and emerging disease. As a possible control strategy for citrus HLB, therapeutic compounds were screened using a propagation test system with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle and citrus plants. The results demonstrated that the combination of penicillin and streptomycin (PS) was effective in eliminating or suppressing the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium and provided a therapeutically effective level of control for a much longer period of time than when administering either antibiotic separately. When treated with the PS, 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected periwinkle cuttings achieved 70% of regeneration rates versus <50% by other treatments. The 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterial titers in the infected periwinkle plants, as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, decreased significantly following root soaking or foliar spraying with PS. Application of the PS via trunk injection or root soaking also eliminated or suppressed the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium in the HLB-affected citrus plants. This may provide a useful tool for the management of citrus HLB and other Liberibacter-associated diseases.     

Rate, placement and timing of aldicarb applications to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in oranges

BACKGROUND: The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a cosmopolitan insect pest of citrus and vectors the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, a suspected causal organism of citrus greening or ‘huanglongbing’ disease. Aldicarb 150 g kg^?1 GR (Temik^® 15 G) was evaluated at three rates, two placements and three timings for ACP control in orange trees. RESULTS: Application of aldicarb at 5.6, 2.8 and 1.4 kg AI ha^?1 in March 2006 reduced adults by 58–66%, 45–46% and 25–37% respectively compared with untreated controls in two separate trials. No difference was observed in placement (one versus two sides of the tree) or tree size (8 years old versus 12 years old). Application at 5.6 kg ha^?1 in January 2007 reduced adults by 86% and shoot infestation by 77% in spring, and was generally better than the November and especially February applications. Even more striking results were evident on adults caged on treated plants for 25 days in March. Spiders and ladybeetles were equally abundant in treated and untreated trees. CONCLUSION: Aldicarb application at 5.6 kg ha^?1 to the bed side of mature citrus trees 2–3 months before spring growth can suppress ACP through spring without a direct effect on principal psyllid natural enemies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物挥发性成分对柑桔潜叶蛾产卵行为的影响

柑桔潜叶蛾成虫对寄主和产卵部位的选择是其生存和种群发展的生物学基础。人工叶片法试验结果表明，寄主植物幼嫩叶中的挥发性化学物质对柑桔潜叶蛾成虫产卵有明显的引导作用，但不同柑桔品种对成虫产卵的影响没有显著差异，显示其含有相同的挥发性物质。用非寄主植物叶片试验发现，其挥发性物质对成虫产卵有明显的驱避干扰作用。马缨丹和印楝叶对成虫产卵的驱避中量(ORD50)分别为13．5和49．4mg鲜叶。     

三种叶面肥在新疆两种葡萄上应用效果的比较研究

研究了3种叶面肥对红地球葡萄和木纳格葡萄产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在葡萄不同生育时期喷施螯合氨基酸钙液肥、腐植酸液肥和平衡营养肥,均明显增加了2个葡萄品种叶片叶绿素SPAD值、产量、可溶性固形物含量和还原型Vc含量,显著降低可滴定酸含量。其中红地球葡萄和木纳格葡萄,以连续喷施4次螯合氨基酸钙液肥效果最好:每公顷产量增幅分别为8.50%和17.15%,明显高于其它两喷肥处理,品质也好于其它两喷肥处理。     

LncRNA在柑橘木虱与黄龙病病原菌互作中的差异表达分析及验证

为明确柑橘黄龙病的唯一自然传播媒介——柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri的长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是否参与调控黄龙病病原菌Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas)的侵染及复制,采用生物信息学预测及PCR扩增方法进行lncRNA的预测、特征分析、验证及差异表达分析。结果显示,柑橘木虱的13个转录组RNA-Seq数据中共有10 192个lncRNA基因,对应15 747条lncRNA转录本;与蛋白质编码基因相比,柑橘木虱lncRNA具有更少的外显子数量和更短的转录本长度;随机选取的10条lncRNA基因中,有7条lncRNA基因在无菌柑橘木虱广州品系或赣州品系中有表达,其中1条lncRNA基因TCONS_00034665在无菌广州品系和无菌赣州品系中存在差异表达;带菌和无菌柑橘木虱成虫中预测获得2个差异表达的lncRNA基因TCONS_00096118和TCONS_00234564,实时荧光定量PCR验证发现TCONS_00234564与预测结果一致,在带菌柑橘木虱成虫中高表达。表明lncRNA参与了黄龙病病原菌与寄主柑橘木虱的互作。     

Quantification and ecological study of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus hosts,rootstocks and the Asian citrus psyllid

The use of proper management strategies for citrus huanglongbing (HLB), caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) and transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) (Diaphorina citri), is a priority issue. HLB control is based on healthy seedlings, tolerant rootstock cultivars and reduction of ACP populations. Here, dynamic populations of Las in different citrus hosts and each instar of ACP were studied, together with the seasonal growth and distribution of Las in different tissues, using conventional and TaqMan real‐time PCR. Different levels of susceptibility/tolerance to HLB were seen, resulting in different degrees of symptom severity and growth effects on hosts or rootstocks. Troyer citrange, Swingle citrumelo and wood apple were highly tolerant among 11 rootstock cultivars. Regarding distribution and seasonal analysis of Las, mature and old leaves contained high concentrations in cool temperatures in autumn and spring. Las was detected earlier through psyllid transmission than through graft inoculation, and the amounts of Las (AOL) varied in different hosts. Thus, different AOL (10⁴–10⁷ copy numbers μL^?1) and Las‐carrying percentages (LCP; 40–53.3%) were observed in each citrus cultivar and on psyllids, respectively. Furthermore, both AOL and LCP were lower in nymphs than in adult psyllids, whereas the LCP of psyllids were not affected by increasing the acquisition‐access time. The present study has significant implications for disease ecology. The combination of early detection, use of suitable rootstocks and constraint of psyllid populations could achieve better management of HLB disease.     

Annual and polyetic progression of citrus canker on trees protected with copper sprays

The effects of copper sprays on annual and polyetic progress of citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, in the presence of the Asian citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella), were evaluated in a study conducted in a commercial orchard in northwest Paraná state, Brazil, where citrus canker is endemic. Nonlinear monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to monthly disease incidence data (proportion of leaves with symptoms) for each treatment for three seasons. The logistic model provided the best estimate of disease progress for all years and treatments evaluated and logistic parameter estimates were used to describe polyetic disease dynamics. Although citrus canker incidence increased during each of the seasons studied, it decreased over the whole study period, more so in copper‐treated trees than in water‐sprayed controls. Copper treatment reduced disease incidence compared with controls in every year, especially 2004–2005, when incidence was ca. 10‐fold higher in controls than in treated plots (estimated asymptote values 0·82 and 0·07, respectively). Copper treatment also reduced estimated initial disease incidence and epidemic growth rates every year.