木霉分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜叶片抗氧化系统及枯萎病防效的影响

采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的3株木霉菌,即哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)809、拟康氏木霉菌(Trichoderma pseudokoningii)886和棘孢木霉菌(Trichoderma asperellum)525,利用盆栽试验,测定了木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化能力及对枯萎病防效的影响。结果显示:3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效均在66.81%以上,且以拟康氏木霉菌886厚垣孢子防效最高,达到81.46%;当黄瓜幼苗长至三叶一心时,与CK(即只接种病原菌)相比,经哈茨木霉菌809、拟康氏木霉菌886、棘孢木霉菌525分生孢子以及厚垣孢子处理后,黄瓜幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈下降趋势,而保护性酶包括过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈上升趋势,其中以拟康氏木霉菌886厚垣孢子的变化幅度最显著;拟康氏木霉菌886厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片相对电导率、MDA含量分别比CK下降了47.74%、41.40%;而叶片中的POD、CAT、APX、SOD活性则分别比CK增加了318.11%、155.36%、157.09%和300.34%。研究表明3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子均能通过改善黄瓜幼苗叶片抗氧化能力,增加保护酶活性,提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。     

外源硫化氢对干旱条件下玉米幼苗抗氧化特性的影响

采用10%PEG模拟干旱胁迫的方法,研究了外源硫化氢对干旱条件下玉米幼苗根系和叶片抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT和APX)、膜脂过氧化指标(MDA和膜透性)及叶片非酶抗氧化物质类胡萝卜素含量等抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明:与单独干旱处理相比,0.01、0.1、0.3、0.6 mmol·L-1和1.0 mmol·L-1Na HS使干旱条件下叶片类胡萝卜素含量分别增加了33.3%、63.3%、96.6%、80.0%和26.6%,使叶片POD活性分别增加了14.5%、36.6%、50.3%、91.1%和80.1%。此外,0.01、0.1 mmol·L-1和0.3 mmol·L-1Na HS均能显著提高叶片SOD、CAT、APX活性及根POD、APX活性,并显著降低根叶细胞质膜透性和MDA含量。0.6 mmol·L-1Na HS则使叶片SOD和CAT活性及根POD活性分别提高了7.4%、16.3%和45.0%,并使叶MDA含量及根细胞质膜透性分别降低了12.0%和18.0%。1.0 mmol·L-1Na HS却使根叶APX活性分别降低了13.3%和34.9%,并使叶细胞质膜透性及根MDA含量分别提高了130.1%和10.5%。以上结果说明,低浓度外源硫化氢可以有效提高干旱条件下玉米幼苗的抗氧化能力,尤其是0.3 mmol·L-1Na HS处理效果最好。     

水杨酸处理对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

以丹参幼苗为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施0.75 mmol/L的水杨酸(SA)对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗相对含水量、电解质渗漏率、H2O2和丙二醛含量、4种抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的进行,丹参幼苗叶片相对含水量降低,H2O2含量增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛含量升高,水杨酸处理则延缓了这些参数变化;尽管SA处理后,CAT、APX活性暂时降低,但在随后的胁迫过程中,丹参幼苗叶片SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性显著高于对照。由此可知:水杨酸处理提高了丹参幼苗抗氧化酶活性,增强了植株对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。     

低温胁迫下外源SA对酿酒葡萄幼苗抗氧化酶活性及内源SA含量的影响

北方春季倒春寒限制了葡萄的栽种范围，严重影响了葡萄的产量和品质。利用室内模拟低温处理研究低温胁迫对葡萄幼苗膜氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性及内源SA含量的影响，结果发现，4℃、12℃低温处理相较于25℃而言，葡萄幼苗叶片MDA含量分别增加135.64%和68.38%,保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性以及内源SA含量显著上升，4℃、12℃处理上升幅度分别为133.05%、53.33%、129.17%、46.22%和59.65%、26.67%、29.17%、24.65%。4℃与12℃处理相比，抗氧化物酶活性及内源SA含量均明显增加，SOD、POD、CAT活性以及内源SA含量分别增加45.97%、21.05%、77.42%及17.31%。恢复常温生长后低温处理幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性及内源SA含量没有明显降低，对葡萄幼苗组织的修复具有持续作用，且4℃处理的幼苗抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性分别是12℃处理的1.29倍、1.09倍、1.30倍。利用相关性及逐步回归分析法发现低温下叶片内源SA与MDA含量(R²=0.648)、SOD(R²     

外源一氧化氮供体SNP 对NaCl 胁迫下多裂骆驼蓬幼苗氧化损伤的保护效应

研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对NaCl胁迫下多裂骆驼蓬幼苗生长和氧化损伤的影响.结果表明:正常生长条件下喷施SNP能促进多裂骆驼蓬幼苗的生长,而NO信号传递途径关键酶鸟苷酸环化酶(GC)抑制剂亚甲基蓝(MB)明显抑制幼苗的生长;喷施SNP预处理显著缓解了NaCl胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制,明显降低了NaCl胁迫下叶片丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O_2~(·-))和H_2O_2的积累及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性;使抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及(Spd+Spm)/Put比值显著提高,而MB逆转了SNP对NaCl胁迫幼苗生长的促进作用及MDA、H_2O_2、CAT、POD、ASA、GSH和(Spd+Spm)/Put的调节作用,但对SNP调节O_2~(·-)、SOD和APX的效应无明显影响.表明外源NO可能通过GC介导的cGMP依赖和非cGMP依赖两条途径参与盐胁迫下活性氧代谢的调节,从而缓解盐胁迫导致的氧化损伤,促进多裂骆驼蓬幼苗的生长.     

干旱条件下钙和赤霉素混合处理小麦种子对胚部抗氧化酶活性的影响

在20%PEG6000模拟干旱的条件下,用0.5?Cl2、50mg/L赤霉素(GA)以及0.5?Cl2 50mg/LGA浸种,研究不同浸种处理对小麦种苗胚部抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果发现,Ca GA浸种处理的种子在生长过程中,尤其是在生长的第1天和第3天,其过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性在各处理中最低,抗坏血酸—过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性也维持在很低水平。表明Ca GA浸种使小麦胚部在干旱条件下保持较低的氧化状态,有利于小麦萌动和出苗。     

拟康氏木霉菌剂对黄瓜幼苗生长、抗氧化系统及枯萎病防效的影响

于2019年5—8月采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886菌株，通过盆栽实验，测定不同菌剂施用量对黄瓜幼苗生长、抗氧化系统以及对黄瓜枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明：拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高对黄瓜枯萎病的防效，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂应用效果最好，对黄瓜枯萎病的防效达到83.98%；与CK（只接种病原菌）相比，拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积、根冠比和壮苗指数，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗形态建成的促进效果最好；拟康氏木霉不同施用量均能提高瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量，降低叶片中的MDA含量和质膜透性，其中10⁵ cfu·g^-1拟康氏木霉厚垣孢子菌剂对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统促进效果最好；在播种后30 d，黄瓜幼苗叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、APX、PPO活性和Pro含量分别比CK提高了119.96%、213.75%、139.29%、97.53%、101.15%、70.38%，相对电导率、MDA含量则分别比CK下降了46.10%、60.28%。研究表明拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子菌剂通过提高黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统能力，促进了幼苗形态建成，提高了对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。     

高浓度臭氧对春小麦膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

利用开顶式气室(OTC)研究了高浓度O3对春小麦叶片膜脂过氧化程度、活性氧含量、抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,随着臭氧浓度的升高,不同生育时期小麦叶片的相对电导率、MDA含量显著上升(P<0.01);穗粒重明显下降(P<0.05);O2-.产生速率和H2O2含量显著增加(P<0.05)。SOD活性、CAT活性、POD活性随生育进程和O3浓度升高而显著下降。而对抗氧化物如类Car含量、ASA含量的影响不显著。臭氧浓度增加,促使小麦叶片膜的伤害,引发了膜脂过氧化作用,产生了过多的活性氧自由基,破坏了抗氧化系统功能,影响了叶片的正常生理代谢。     

茉莉酸甲酯对辣椒抗青枯病的诱导效应及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探索茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)诱导辣椒抗青枯病的效应及与抗氧化酶活性的关系,以感青枯病品种粤红1号和抗青枯病品种辛香8号辣椒为试验材料,分别用浓度为0.025、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L的MeJA浸种12 h和喷雾48 h处理后,接种浓度为107CFU/mL的青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum,测定MeJA对青枯病菌的抑制活性以及辣椒幼苗的病情指数、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量。结果表明,0.025～1.0 mmol/L MeJA对青枯病菌无抑制作用;MeJA浸种处理对粤红1号和辛香8号辣椒幼苗的诱导效果最高,分别为21.38%和25.17%,而喷雾处理的诱导效果可依次提高至31.64%和37.30%,且诱导效果随MeJA浓度先升高后降低。与对照相比,MeJA处理后2个品种辣椒幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均随MeJA浓度先升高后降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则先降低后升高;CAT、POD、APX和GR活性最大值均为抗病品种辛香8号经MeJA喷雾处理后所达峰值,依次为13.51、49.27、11.58和5.28 U/g FW,MDA含量最低值为13.58μmol/g FW,而SOD活性最大值为感病品种粤红1号经MeJA喷雾处理所达峰值,为364.31 U/g FW。表明MeJA预处理可有效诱导辣椒抗青枯病,其诱导效应与其激活幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性和降低丙二醛含量有关。     

铅胁迫下干旱对国槐和紫穗槐幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了阐明铅胁迫下国槐和紫穗槐对干旱的生理响应机制,进而对比两者在铅胁迫下的抗旱性,为西北矿区耐铅型抗旱植物鉴选提供依据。通过盆栽试验,以1年生的国槐和紫穗槐幼苗为材料,以土壤相对含水量(SRW)100.00%的无铅处理为对照,其余处理外源铅浓度统一设为2 000 mg·kg~(-1),测定不同水分胁迫强度(土壤相对含水量87.84%,70.00%,52.16%,40.00%)国槐和紫穗槐幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果表明:单一铅胁迫(2 000 mg·kg~(-1))下国槐和紫穗槐抗氧化酶活性高于对照;铅和干旱复合胁迫下,SRW 87.84%、SRW 70.00%、SRW 52.16%的处理,随着干旱胁迫强度的升高,国槐幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均呈先升高后降低趋势且高于对照,紫穗槐SOD和POD活性呈先升高后降低趋势且高于对照,而CAT活性呈先降低后升高趋势;SRW为40%的处理下,国槐的SOD和CAT活性显著低于对照,POD活性略高于对照;紫穗槐SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于对照。铅胁迫(2 000 mg·kg~(-1))对国槐和紫穗槐的抗氧化酶有激活作用;铅胁迫下,紫穗槐对干旱的抗性强于国槐。     

混合盐碱处理下蚕豆叶片生理指标的变化

为了研究蚕豆在混合盐碱胁迫下的生理变化,试验采用3种盐碱胁迫方式KCl/NaCl、KCl/Na₂CO₃、KCl/Na₂SO₄处理2周,测定蚕豆鲜重、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标。结果表明,随着盐碱胁迫时间的延长,蚕豆鲜重表现为先升高后下降趋势,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势,其中脯氨酸含量在处理11d时急剧增加;随胁迫时间的延长,4种抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性增加幅度呈先升高后降低趋势,其中处理11d时,酶活性增加幅度顺序是SOD＞ CAT＞ APX或POD。结论:蚕豆盐碱胁迫中,SOD酶活性发挥首要作用,脯氨酸是一种重要的渗透物质。     

Induction of an antioxidant enzyme system and other oxidative stress markers associated with compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.ciceris

To ascertain if active oxygen species play a role in fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the degree of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) and the activity levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), an apoplastic H₂O₂-forming oxidase, and several antioxidant enzymes, namely ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined spectrophotometrically in roots and stems of ‘WR315’ (resistant) and ‘JG62’ (susceptible) chickpea cultivars inoculated with the highly virulent race 5 of the pathogen. Moreover, APX, CAT, GPX and SOD were also analysed in roots and stems by gel electrophoresis and activity staining; and the protein levels of APX and SOD in roots were determined by Western blotting. In roots, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities, although such responses occurred earlier in the incompatible compared with the compatible interactions. APX, GPX and GR activities were also increased in infected roots, but only in the compatible interaction. In stems, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and APX, CAT, SOD and GPX activities only in the compatible interaction, and DAO activity only in the incompatible one. In general, electrophoregrams agreed with the activity levels determined spectrophotometrically and did not reveal any differences in isoenzyme patterns between cultivars or between infected and non-infected plants. Further, Western blots revealed an increase in the root protein levels of APX in the compatible interaction and in those of SOD in both compatible and incompatible interactions. In conclusion, whereas enhanced DAO activity in stems, and earlier increases in lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities in roots, can be associated with resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpea, the induction of the latter three parameters in roots and stems along with that of APX, GR (only in roots) and GPX (only in stems) activities are rather more associated with the establishment of the compatible interaction.     

PEG胁迫下不同品系藜麦抗旱性评价

利用不同浓度PEG溶液模拟干旱胁迫，研究5种品系藜麦幼苗的形态、生理生化及光合特性，并对其进行耐旱性评价。结果表明：15%PEG处理下各品系藜麦株高增量、叶面积及生物量显著（P<0.05）低于对照，其中株高增量、叶面积、生物量下降幅度最小的品系分别是NK1、NK2和NK5，分别比对照下降了44.38%、25.39%和48.23%;随着干旱胁迫加剧, 各藜麦品系叶片内相对含水量显著（P<0.05）下降, 叶片的质膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量上升，15%PEG胁迫下NK2和NK3的Pro含量分别是对照的2.69和1.93倍, 超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性均先升后降，SOD、CAT和APX活性在5%PEG处理下达到最大值, 而POD活性在10%PEG处理下达到最大; 随干旱胁迫增强，5种品系藜麦幼苗的净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）和气孔导度（G_s）降低，胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）先降后升，叶绿素（Chl）先升后降，其中NK5品系P_n下降幅度最小，比对照下降了51.15%。运用隶属函数法对藜麦抗旱能力进行综合评定，不同藜麦品系耐旱性为NK5>NK1>NK2>NK4>NK3。     

苦豆子内生真菌诱导子促进宿主生物碱合成积累的生理防卫反应

分别以4株苦豆子内生真菌菌液浓缩物为诱导子，研究不同诱导时间下，各诱导子对苦豆子组培苗中氧化苦参碱（OMA）含量以及防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响。结果显示：4种苦豆子内生真菌的菌液浓缩物均可提高宿主中OMA的积累，其中诱导效果最佳的是内生真菌诱导子XKYKDF₄₀，在0~15 d诱导期间宿主中OMA含量持续增长且始终高于对照，在诱导第15 d达到最高，为3.616 mg·g^-1，是同时期对照组的2.09倍。4种内生真菌诱导子还可诱发宿主中生物碱合成关键酶PAL和3种抗氧化酶（POD、APX和CAT）活性升高。诱导子XKYKDF₄₀激发PAL活性的作用最佳，在诱导第6 d PAL活性达最大值，为61.92 U·g^-1，是同时期对照组的1.42倍；与其他诱导子相比，诱导子XKZKDF₂₇能够明显诱发POD的活性，在诱导第12 d达到最大值，为62.30 U·mg^-1，是同时期对照组的2.70倍；诱导子XKZKDF₁₁可诱导宿主中的APX和CAT活性大幅度提高，在诱导第12 d酶活性达到最高，分别为0.5538 U·mg^-1和19.82 U·mg^-1，是同时期对照组的4.97倍和3.00倍。结果表明，苦豆子内生真菌诱导子的加入不仅激活了宿主组培苗的防御性应答反应，还促进了OMA的合成。     

Evaluation of cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis>) cultivars grown in Eastern Europe and progress in breeding for resistance to angular leaf spot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lachrymans</Emphasis>)

Increased occurrence of cucumber angular leaf spot, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, has caused significant losses in cucumber, Cucumis sativus, yield in Poland in recent years. These losses necessitated evaluation of the level of resistance in cucumber cultivars of mainly Polish breeding, cultivated in Eastern Europe, and initiation of a breeding programme for resistance to this disease. Screening for resistance was performed on 84 cucumber accessions under growth chamber conditions using a highly aggressive strain of P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Most of the screened accessions were either susceptible or displayed intermediate resistance. The screening resulted in the identification of five F₁ hybrid cultivars moderately resistant to angular leaf spot. The identified F₁ hybrids were self-pollinated up to the F₄ generation. Individuals resistant to angular leaf spot were identified. These individuals can be used as a source of resistance to angular leaf spot in future breeding efforts.     

木霉分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜幼苗生理特性及枯萎病防效的影响

采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的3株木霉菌,即哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum 809、拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886和棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525,利用盆栽试验,测定了木霉菌孢子不同类型施用对黄瓜幼苗生长、生理特性及枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明:哈茨木霉809、拟康氏木霉886、棘孢木霉525分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效均在66.81%以上,且以拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子防效最高,达到81.46%。当黄瓜幼苗长至三叶一心时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量均比CK显著上升,以厚垣孢子886的促进效果最显著,其株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量分别较CK增加了85.33%、108.43%、235.29%、144.38%、272.32%。同时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量也均比CK显著上升,厚垣孢子886的促进效果仍最显著,其叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量分别较CK增加了97.47%、86.05%、172.49%、201.91%。     

Salicylic acid alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in Cucurbita pepo leaves

The effects of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) infection and pretreatments with salicylic acid (SA) on biomass accumulation of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani) were investigated. The response of photosynthesis, transpiration and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves was also considered. Significant reductions in growth parameters (i.e. leaf area, biomass and shoot height), photosynthesis and chlorophyll a and b content were detected in ZYMV-infected leaves in comparison to healthy controls. Antioxidant enzyme activities were increased up to 3-fold for peroxidase (POD), 2-fold for ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities and 1.3-fold for SOD activity by virus infection. ZYMV infection also caused increases in H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. These results suggest that ZYMV infection causes oxidative stress in pumpkin leaves leading to the development of epidemiological symptoms. Interestingly, spraying pumpkin leaves with SA led to recovery from the undesirable effects of ZYMV infection. Leaves treated with 100 μM SA three days before inoculation had the appearance of healthy leaves. No distinct disease symptoms were observed on the leaves treated with 100 μM SA followed by inoculation with ZYMV. In non-infected plants, SA application increased activities of POD and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibited APX and CAT activities.In contrast, SA treatment followed by ZYMV inoculation stimulated SOD activity and inhibited activities of POD, APX and CAT. In addition, MDA displayed an inverse relation, indicating inhibition of lipid peroxidation in cells under SA treatment. It is suggested that the role of SA in inducing plant defense mechanisms against ZYMV infection might have occurred through the SA-antioxidant system. Such interference might occur through inhibition or activation of some antioxidant enzymes, reduction of lipid peroxidation and induction of H₂O₂ accumulation following SA application.     

The effect of silicon on antioxidant metabolism of wheat leaves infected by Pyricularia oryzae

This study investigated whether the increase in wheat resistance to blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, potentiated by silicon (Si) is linked to changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Wheat plants (cv. BR 18) were grown in hydroponic culture with either 0 (–Si) or 2 mm (+Si) Si and half of the plants in each group were inoculated with P. oryzae. Blast severity in the +Si plants was 70% lower compared to the ?Si plants at 96 h after inoculation (hai). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities were higher in the leaves of the ?Si plants compared with the +Si plants at 96 hai. This indicates that other mechanisms may have limited P. oryzae infection in the +Si plants restricting the generation of reactive oxygen species, obviating the need for increased antioxidative enzyme activity. In contrast, glutathione reductase (GR) activity at 96 hai was higher in the +Si plants than in the ?Si plants. Although the inoculated plants showed significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) than the non‐inoculated plants, lower MDA concentrations were observed in the +Si plants compared with the ?Si plants. The lower MDA concentration associated with decreased activities of SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GST, suggest that the amount of reactive oxygen species was lower in the +Si plants. However, GR appears to play a pivotal role in limiting oxidative stress caused by P. oryzae infection in +Si plants.     

植物根围促生细菌菌剂增强玉米干旱耐受性研究

选用植物根围促生细菌(PGPR)菌剂BBS处理玉米幼苗,研究干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片相关生理特性及基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫15 d后,BBS处理组玉米幼苗的萎蔫程度显著低于对照组;处理组植株叶片MDA含量仅为对照组的74.35%,叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别是对照组的3.39倍和1.07倍;处理组植株叶片ZmP5CS1的表达水平及SOD活性均显著高于对照组;BBS处理组植株叶片在干旱胁迫过程中一直保持较低的H_2O_2含量。研究得出,BBS处理能够有效减缓干旱胁迫对玉米幼苗造成的伤害,进而加速正常浇水后的恢复。处理组植株叶片NCED1和ZmDREB2.7的高水平表达也表明干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗与BBS的互作过程可能有依赖ABA信号途径及不依赖ABA信号途径的共同参与。     

硅对盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗生理效应的影响

以酿酒葡萄"赤霞殊"(Cabernet Sauvignon,CS)1年生扦插苗为试材,采用营养液水培系统,研究了根施外源硅(K2SiO3·9H2O,Si)对盐(50 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗叶片生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫处理下,葡萄幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O2-')产生速率加快,过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对膜透性增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强;组织含水量降低;施用2.0mmol/L Si明显抑制了O2-、H2O2和MDA的积累,增加了组织含水量,并进一步提高了抗氧化酶SOD和POD的活性.说明外源Si可通过提高盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗体内的抗氧化酶活性,从而降低活性氧(ROS)水平,一定程度上减轻盐胁迫对植株所造成的细胞膜脂过氧化伤害,增强其耐盐性.