水稻苗期稻茎毛眼水蝇经济阈值的研究

接虫试验表明，水稻苗期每丛稻茎毛眼水蝇卵数（Ｘ_１）、为害株数（Ｘ_２）与产量损失（Ｙ）的关系符合下列方程：Ｙ＝－７．３１＋３．０１６ｘ１±２．１５，ｒ＝０．９８０４；Ｙ＝－６．７＋３．５３ｘ２±２．１９，ｒ＝０．９８０２。早稻产量损失的主要原因是受害后千粒重和实粒数减少；晚稻为千粒重下降。根据当前的稻谷价格、防治费用等，导出水稻苗期稻茎毛眼蝇的经济阈值为每丛４．６粒卵或３．７４株受害。经大田验证，与实际基本相符     

番茄田二代棉铃虫发生为害规律及其防治研究

第２代棉铃虫是危害番茄最严重的世代，９５％左右的卵产在番茄植株顶尖至第４复叶层的嫩梢、嫩叶、果萼和茎基上，平均每株落卵３２．８粒。在番茄上的卵量和幼虫量与第１代蛾量密切相关，卵量（Ｙ_１）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ_１＝一３１５．９＋１．７７８３Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８５６２，幼虫量（Ｙ_２）与第１代蛾量（Ｘ）关系式为：Ｙ_２＝３１．３＋０．１３４Ｘ，ｎ＝６，ｒ＝０．８６５２。在第２代棉铃虫产卵初盛期应用Ｂ.ｔ菌剂含孢子１００亿个／ｍＬ２００倍液喷雾３次，或１．８％爱福丁乳油４５ｍＬ／６６７ｍ^２对水７５ｋｇ喷雾２次，防效显著。     

青稞品种抗麦鞘毛眼水蝇的初步研究

不同青稞品种麦鞘毛眼水蝇着卵量与其倒三叶叶基部脉间距、平均严重度均呈正相关［Ｙ＝２．４７６９＋０．０３３１Ｘ（ｒ＝０．５７４７^＊）、Ｙ＝４２．６３４６＋１．３４２４ｘ（ｒ＝Ｏ．７６２５）］此外，旗叶和倒一叶叶鞘内叶绿素、蛋白质含量与平均严重度也呈正相关［Ｙ＝３０．７９５７＋８．３４４２Ｘ（ｒ＝０．６１９１^＊）、Ｙ＝２３．６７＋３．９０４４ｘ（ｒ＝０．５５５９^＊）］；蛋白质含量与千粒重产量损失率之间有显著的负相关性［Ｙ＝５５．１４８３－２．４６３３Ｘ（ｒ＝─０．５７８６）］。试验表明不同青稞品种对麦鞘毛眼水蝇存在着一定的理化抗性和耐害性。     

稻纵卷叶螟百丛虫苞密度的快速查法

采用Ｉｗａｏ的Ｍ^＊＝α＋βＸ回归式测定稻纵卷叶螟，虫苞种群的α＝０．４３３４＞０，β＝１．３１４９＞１，判定虫苞为聚集分布型；在ｔ＝１，Ｄ＝０．２时其理论抽样数为ｎ＝３５．８/Ｘ＋７．８７；利用有虫苞丛率（Ｐ）与百丛虫苞密度（Ｙ）的关系，建立Ｇｅｒｒａｒｄ模型为Ｙ＝１５７．９７６［－ｌｎ（１－Ｐ）］^{１．０６１６}，其抽样精度可达９０％以上     

春小麦植株高度与灰翅麦茎蜂危害率的关系

试验表明,春小麦植株高度与灰翅麦茎蜂危害率呈极显著正相关,回归方程为Ｙ＝－１１.２４６２＋０.２９６６Ｘ,ｒ＝０.７８２１。植株高度１００ｃｍ以上,断茎率普遍在２２％以上,７０ｃｍ以下,断茎率仅有２.６５％～４.０７％。     

淮北地区麦蚜危害及药剂控制策略研究

通过对淮北地区小麦上蚜虫发生危害调查明确,麦株上的蚜量（Ｘ）与小麦千粒重（Ｙ）之间有极显著的负相关关系。其回归方程为Ｙ＝３８.５９１１－００９３９８Ｘ（ｒ＝－０.９２４４）。目前生产上大面积使用的５０％粉多威可湿性粉剂、５０％抗蚜威可湿性粉剂等对麦蚜均表现高效。根据麦蚜危害和药剂防治的投入产出比提出了淮北地区小麦穗期麦蚜的防治策略,应用后效益显著。     

麦蚜指数调查法的田间应用

采用麦蚜指数调查法进行田间穗蚜计数,所用时间较实际逐个计数明显缩短。本试验平均百穗缩短调查时间１２.９２ｍｉｎ,利用方程Ｙ＝－６２.５＋４.６２Ｘ,推算出的蚜量,误差不超过１头／穗     

药剂涂干对苹果蚜虫的防效及天敌影响的研究

采用饱和－Ｄ最优回归设计,建立以苹果蚜虫校正减退率为目标函数的氧乐果（Ｘ_１）、久效磷（Ｘ_２）两因子效应编码值回归模型Ｙ＾（％）＝１０５.５６＋２１.２７Ｘ_１＋１６.１０Ｘ_２－２２.３２Ｘ^２_１－１８.１０Ｘ^２_２,计算得出：５～６ａ生苹果树每棵用４０％氧乐果乳油３.１５ｍｌ和５０％久效磷乳油２.８８ｍｌ混配药液,加面汤粘着剂３者共１０ｍｌ涂干,施药后７ｄ,苹果蚜虫校正减退率期望防效可达１００％,残效期达１５ｄ以上,且对蜘蛛、瓢虫、草蛉等主要天敌无明显影响。     

小麦条锈病不同病级损失率测定及其应用

测定了小麦条锈病不同病级所造成的小麦产量损失率 ,探讨了损失率以及田间产量损失程度的简便测算方法。小麦条锈病病级与小麦穗粒数、千粒重、穗重关系密切 ,其回归方程式分别为:Y₁=62.29-3.11X±1.16(r=-0.9920);Y₂=44.79-2.74X±1.98(r=-0.9708);Y₃=2.68-0.235X±0.08(r=0.9937)。小麦中后期功能叶受害损失较大 ,最终集中表现在穗重降低上 ,损失率回归方程为:Y₃′=9.27X-5.76±3.07(r=0.9937)。上穗危害损失率回归方程为:YY₃ ′=3.00X+0.64±0.58(r=0.9958) ,经测验相关系数均为极显著。中后期叶片受害病级 1级时损失率为3.5% ,以后每增加1个级别穗重降低0.235g ,损失率增加9.27% ;上穗危害穗部病级增加 1级穗重降低0.1g ,损失率增加3%     

三化螟越冬代始蛾期与年发生量相关预测

根据１９７９～１９９３年的１５ａ观测结果，组建了三化螟年发生量（Ｙ）与越冬代始蛾期（Ｘ，以４月１０日为零）的回归预测方程，即Ｙ＝６．４４２－０．２０１Ｘ。该方程回测符合率达１００％，１９９４～１９９６年预测结果与实际相符，能够应用于测报工作。文中并分析了三化螟越冬代始蛾期与年发生量相关关系产生的直接和间接原因。     

烟草赤星病危害烤烟产量产值损失测定

在烤烟生长中后期 ,应用40%菌核净500倍液人为控制烟草赤星病发生程度 ,形成不同危害梯度 ,以研究烟草赤星病对产量产值的影响。经试验分析 ,建立数学模型。中上等烟产量损失率(Y₁)与病情指数(X)的关系式:Y₁=0.1516+1.2824X;产值损失率(Y₂)与病情指数(X)的关系式:Y₂=0.3239+0.9831X。     

稻水蝇危害水稻产量损失研究

采用相关分析和通径分析法研究了稻水蝇危害与水稻产量损失的关系。结果表明:水稻产量(y,kg/hm²)与田间虫口密度(x,头 /m²)、穗损失率 (x₅,% )间0.01水平显著时的关系符合方程:y^=9433.965-6.6637x₁-402.7469x₅;产量损失(Y,kg/hm²)与田间虫口密度(x,头/m²)间关系符合下列方程 :Y^=-13.4989+6.0043x(r=0.9647^**)。通径分析显示 ,穗损失率和虫口密度对产量建成直接效应最大 ,分别为-0.9218和-0.1422     

小麦禾谷缢管蚜的危害损失和防治指标研究

禾谷缢管蚜种群数量和危害历期是造成小麦产量损失的主要因素。采用累积虫日作为危害量指标 ,建立了蚜虫危害量与小麦产量损失的回归模型 ,即Y₁=1.4250+5.3529×10^-4X₁,Y₂=1.1780+0.0106X₂ ,确定了禾谷缢管蚜的动态防治指标     

Early assessment of the yield loss in rice due to the brown planthopper using a hyperspectral remote sensing method

The brown planthopper (BPH) is an important pest in rice. Rice losses due to BPH's damage are often more than 10% of yield. Assessments on loss rates from BPH are now basically dependent on experiential indices. However, early assessments on rice yield losses using hyperspectral data are still rare. In this study, reflectance from rice canopy was measured in net cages after different densities of BPH release. Results showed that reflectance in the near-infrared region (750–1000 nm) from milk grain stage, and in 400–531 nm and 567–705 nm from mature grain stage was closely related to BPH density. These spectral indices: red-edge parameters (λ_r, Dλ_r, Sλ_r), ratio of the maximal reflectance in green (490–560 nm) to minimal reflectance (640–740 nm) in red (R_GREEN/R_RED), ratio of the near-infrared peak (R_NIR) to R_RED, normalized difference vegetation index between R_NIR and R_RED and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) from both milk and mature grain stages, indicated BPH densities well. As expected, rate of loss in rice grain was higher with increasing BPH density. SAVI, Dλ_r, Sλ_r and reflectance at 760 nm (R₇₆₀) from milk grain stage were significantly correlated with rates of loss in panicle, and 1000-grain weight and multiple-linear regression models for detecting loss rate were established. The hyperspectral reflectance from rice at milk grain stage can be used to assess rice yield losses due to BPH and improve management policies.     

小麦白粉病反应型和产孢量的关系

利用小麦的6个品种及小麦白粉菌的3个小种研究了小麦苗期白粉病反应型与产孢量之间的关系。分别用累积单斑产孢量(LBSY)、累积单位面积产孢量(LASY)与反应型组建了反应型-产孢量关系模型:Y_1=exp(1.7178×lnX 0.0256X-2.484)(LBSY法);Y_2=exp(1.5168×lnX 0.052X-2.309)(LASY法)(X为反应型,Y为产孢系数)。通过LBSY方法获得反应型0,1,2,3~-,3,3~ ,4~-,4所对应的产孢系数分别为0,0.09,0.29,0.49,0.60,0.71,0.96,1。     

稻茎毛眼水蝇生物学特性研究

稻茎毛眼水蝇是一种水稻害虫。为阐明该虫的发生特点,为防治提供依据,作者采用室内饲养观察和田间定期调查相结合的方法,对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:稻茎毛眼水蝇在江西1年发生7代,以幼虫越冬。成虫羽化、交配、产卵均在白天进行。羽化高峰在7:30~10:00之间。1对成虫一生平均交配7.83次,交配持续时间平均4分48秒,经过交配的成虫比未交配的成虫每雌产卵量多10.77粒,产卵前期和寿命分别缩短68.2小时和42小时。成虫产卵喜选择矮秆品种。卵大多数产在叶片下部,单粒产,卵全天24小时均可孵化,孵化盛期在22:00至次日4:00。幼虫取食叶肉和幼穗,在叶鞘内化蛹。     

Effects of planting date and environmental factors on fusarium ear rot symptoms and fumonisin B1 accumulation in maize grown in six North American locations

Fusarium ear rot, primarily caused by Fusarium verticillioides, causes losses in grain yield and quality and can result in contamination of grain by mycotoxins, primarily fumonisin B₁. Disease severity and fumonisin B₁ contamination vary considerably among maize‐growing regions and from year to year. A 2 year field study was conducted in six locations in the USA, to evaluate the roles of planting date, maize hybrid, rainfall, temperature and insect pests in the variation in fusarium ear rot symptoms and fumonisin B₁ contamination. Grain samples were inspected to determine percentage of kernels with fusarium ear rot symptoms, categorized as ‘moulded’ or ‘starburst’; grain was also analysed by ELISA for fumonisin B₁. Hybrid and planting date frequently had significant effects (P ≤ 0·05) on fusarium ear rot and fumonisin B₁ contamination. Earlier planting consistently resulted in lower ear rot severity, fumonisin B₁ levels and insect damage. Mould symptoms were highly correlated with thrips populations (Frankliniella occidentalis) (r = 0·78) and with fumonisin B₁ concentration (r = 0·89). The starburst symptom was not as closely correlated with thrips (r = 0·33) or fumonisin B₁ (r = 0·18). A multiple linear regression model identified highly significant effects on fumonisin B₁ for thrips, lower average daily precipitation after flowering, and location. These results strengthen the evidence that locations with high populations of ear‐infesting thrips and dry conditions after pollination have an increased risk of fumonisin contamination, and suggest that high fumonisin levels are much more likely in visibly moulded kernels compared to those with ‘starburst’ symptoms.     

水稻纹枯病、二化螟为害损失估计及复合经济阈值

采取二次通用旋转设计及病虫2因素7水平全因子试验,研究不同肥密水平及相同条件下纹枯病(A)、第二代二化螟(B)的复合为害损失(AB)。结果表明,对水稻产量的影响,A、B、A×B均达极显著水准,证明病虫存在复合为害关系;复合为害的总损失与肥密因子有关,但受害株的损失与此无关。其损失率大小依次为:A相似文献   

全膜双垄沟播玉米密度对产量及植株性状的影响研究

通过在全膜双垄沟播技术模式下6个耐密型玉米杂交种不同密度（4．5、5．25、6．0、6．75、7．5万株· hm－2）的试验,研究了玉米产量及其性状与种植密度的关系。在本文研究密度范围内,玉米的产量随着密度的增加而增高;当密度达到一定程度之后,随着密度的增加,产量反而下降,二者呈二次曲线模式变化 Y＝－6417．314＋5501．842 X－396．330 X2。结果表明,6个耐密型玉米杂交种在双垄全膜沟播技术模式下最佳密度为6．941万株· hm－2。此密度下各植株性状指标为：穗粒数为499．9粒、百粒重为38．63 g、出籽率为83．71％、穗长为17．5 cm、株高194 cm、茎粗2．14 cm、秃顶长1 cm。株高与密度之间为正相关,函数曲线是幂模型 Y＝140．607 X0．16602,穗粒数、穗粗、茎粗、出籽率4个性状与密度之间为负相关,函数模型均为性状指标随密度的增加而减少的三次曲线。秃顶长、穗长、百粒重与密度的关系呈二次曲线模式变化。密度与秃顶长之间为正相关,与穗长、百粒重之间为负相关。秃顶长随着密度的增大而增加;穗长、百粒重随密度的增加而呈单边下降的变化趋势。穗位高与密度的相关不显著。