利用GICA-PCR快速检测瓜类果斑病菌

瓜类果斑病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli,Aac)是瓜类作物上重要的病原细菌,为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。胶体金免疫层析试纸条方便快捷,应用广泛。该方法使用不当会出现假阳性问题,仅适用于病原菌的初筛检测。本研究将Aac胶体金免疫层析方法(GICA)与PCR技术相结合,建立了GICA-PCR检测方法。检测结果表明,该方法在蛋白与核酸2个层面上从发病西瓜叶片上检测到瓜类果斑病菌,有效解决了试纸条检测的假阳性问题,提高了瓜类果斑病菌检测的准确性,值得推广应用。     

免疫检测试纸条法检测西瓜子中的瓜类果斑病菌

将西瓜子进行表面消毒后破碎,用无菌水于4℃浸泡4h,取300μL浸提液加入250mL细菌液体培养基中,28℃150r/min培养3d,取培养液0.7mL与Agdia公司提供的瓜类果斑病菌检测试纸条样品浸提网袋中的缓冲液混匀,取混合液1mL用于免疫检测试纸条检测.该方法可有效检测出西瓜子中是否带有瓜类果斑病菌(Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli(Schaad et al.)Willems et al.).     

番茄褐色皱果病毒胶体金免疫试纸条的研制

 番茄褐色皱果病毒(tomato brown rugose fruit virus, ToBRFV)是一种新发病毒,严重威胁番茄的安全生产。为了快速、简便地检测该病毒,我们制备了ToBRFV胶体金免疫试纸条。本研究以ToBRFV粒子为免疫原,通过杂交瘤技术制备了17个抗ToBRFV的单克隆抗体。将不同单抗两两组合分别作为胶体金标记抗体和硝酸纤维素膜检测线上的捕获抗体,共获得272个配对组合的胶体金试纸条。通过特异性测定筛选到一组配对抗体制备的试纸条能够在5 min内特异识别ToBRFV,而与番茄斑驳花叶病毒、番茄花叶病毒、烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、辣椒轻斑驳病毒、马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、番茄褪绿病毒、番茄斑萎病毒、番茄黄化曲叶病毒等无交叉反应。灵敏度分析表明,该试纸条可从稀释12 800倍的番茄叶片病汁液中检测到ToBRFV,也可检测到50 ng ToBRFV粒子。本研究制备的胶体金试纸条使用方便,灵敏度高,特异性强,适合田间大批量样品检测,可用于ToBRFV的精准监测及早期预警。     

瓜类细菌性果斑病研究进展

瓜类细菌性果斑病是发生在甜瓜、西瓜等葫芦科植物上的一种严重的世界性病害,此病是典型的种传细菌性病害,病原为嗜酸菌属西瓜种(Acidovorax citrulli)。本文围绕瓜类细菌性果斑病菌的分离检测、致病机理、遗传多样性及防治等方面的研究进展作一概述,阐明了瓜类细菌性果斑病的研究现状。     

黄瓜细菌性角斑病免疫胶体金检测试纸条的研制

 应用免疫胶体金技术进行黄瓜细菌性角斑病(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans)的快速检测研究。为了研制黄瓜细菌性角斑病的免疫胶体金检测试纸条,通过柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金,选择25 nm胶体金标记黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌多克隆抗体(CMb)。采用双抗夹心法,将CMb-胶体金复合物包被在胶体金结合垫上,将羊抗兔二抗和CMb包被在硝酸纤维素膜上,分别作为质控线(C)和检测线(T),组装成试纸条。该试纸条检测灵敏度为106 cfu/mL,与唐菖蒲疮痂病菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens biovarⅡ)等26个菌株无交叉反应,特异性强,检测时间为15 min。稳定性试验表明试纸条在37℃条件下放置15 d可保持检测结果的可靠性。用试纸条对田间采集的病叶进行检测,C线和T线清晰可见,缓冲液对照呈阴性反应。本试纸条可应用于生产上黄瓜细菌性角斑病早期快速检测,进而指导病害防治。     

马铃薯X病毒和马铃薯Y病毒胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制

采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记马铃薯X病毒和马铃薯Y病毒的兔多克隆抗体。用微定量喷头在硝酸纤维素膜上喷好病毒检测线和羊抗兔抗体质控线,制成免疫层析检测试纸条。马铃薯X病毒试纸条检测烟草病汁液可稀释10000倍(重量/体积)马铃薯Y病毒试纸条检测烟草病汁液可稀释1000倍。10min内即可出检测结果。两种试纸条相互测试,未出现交叉反应。用健康和缓冲液对照测试,两种试纸条结果都为阴性。田间采集的马铃薯叶片用试纸条检测的结果和酶联结果相吻合。在密封、干燥、低温的条件下保存,有利于维持试纸条的稳定性。     

我国瓜类细菌性果斑病发生现状和综合防控策略

瓜类细菌性果斑病是西甜瓜等葫芦科作物上的一种检疫性病害,本文从病害的发生历史、传播及流行特点等方面综述了瓜类细菌性果斑病在我国的发生现状,提出了政府部门、种子种苗生产单位和种植户应共同采取措施对病害进行综合防控,以防止病害进一步传播扩散的策略。     

黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌检测试纸条的研制

应用胶体金免疫层析技术研制了黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌[Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder 1930) Dowson1939]检测试纸条.采用柠檬酸三钠法还原氯金酸制备胶体金,标记黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌多克隆抗体,将金标抗体喷涂在结合垫上,将黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌抗体和羊抗兔二抗包被在硝酸纤维素膜上作检测线和质控线,组装制成黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌检测试纸条.用试纸条检测黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌的结果表明,制备的试纸条特异性好,与其他常见植物病原细菌等无交叉反应,对黄瓜叶片中黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌的最低检测限为106 cfu/mL,能在5～15 min内快速检测出黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌,适合田间现场快速检测黄瓜细菌性白枯病病菌.     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测烟草环斑病毒

采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒 ,标记烟草环斑病毒的抗体 ,制成免疫层析检测试纸条。检测粗提纯病毒的灵敏度为 1 0 0 0ng/ml,病汁液稀释 1 0 0 0倍后仍可快速检出。对大豆病种子、烟草冻干病叶等不同材料进行检测也有良好的效果 ,1～ 2min即可出现结果。用 9种不同的病毒进行测试 ,未出现非特异性反应。     

番茄环斑病毒和烟草环斑病毒复合型胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制

采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记番茄环斑病毒和烟草环斑病毒的兔多克隆抗体,用微定量喷头在硝酸纤维素膜上喷好2条病毒检测线（T线）和1条羊抗兔抗体质控线（C线）,制成复合型免疫层析检测试纸条。一张试纸条在10min内,可同时检测出这两种病毒。试纸条检测番茄环斑病毒和烟草环斑病毒粗提纯液,检测灵敏度在1μg/mL,试纸条检测番茄环斑病毒和烟草环斑病毒的混合病汁液可稀释1000倍（重量/体积）。用健康叶片和缓冲液对照测试,试纸条结果都为阴性。     

Bio-PCR方法检测葫芦科作物种子携带 西瓜嗜酸菌的特异性引物筛选

 由西瓜嗜酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)引起的细菌性果斑病是一种毁灭性的种传病害,可为害多种葫芦科作物并造成重大经济损失。该病原菌为检疫性有害生物,种子带菌是田间病害发生的最重要初侵染来源,因此,种子健康检测成为病害综合防控过程中的重要环节。Bio-PCR是当前种子携带细菌检测的常用方法,而特异性引物的选择和使用是检测的关键。本研究使用已报道的7对引物对17株西瓜嗜酸菌、10株嗜酸菌属其它种的菌株和6株其它属的植物病原细菌进行了Bio-PCR检测,筛选出对西瓜嗜酸菌特异性最好的引物为SEQID4^m/SEQID5。研究表明:使用该引物对西瓜嗜酸菌MH21纯菌菌悬液的检测限度为10² CFU·mL^-1;在人工添加菌悬液的模拟带菌西瓜种子中,使用ASCM和EBBA两种半选择性培养基结合引物SEQID4^m/SEQID5进行Bio-PCR检测,ASCM对种子中带菌量的检测限度可达到0.01 CFU·g^-1,EBBA对种子中带菌量的检测限度为0.1 CFU·g^-1。     

瓜类种子细菌性果斑病菌防治研究进展

细菌性果斑病是典型的由种子带菌引起的传染性病害,解决种子带菌问题是防治该病的关键。通过综述近年国内外瓜类种子的发酵处理、热处理、药剂处理以及快速干燥对BFB的防治,对种子处理剂提出新的研究方向,为从事相关研究的工作人员提供参考和借鉴。     

Decreased potassium fertilization is associated with increased pathogen growth and disease severity caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidovorax citrulli</Emphasis> in melon foliage

The gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) disease of cucurbits, which represents a serious threat to melon and watermelon production worldwide. To date, there are no efficient means to manage the disease, and reliable resistance sources for cucurbit germplasm are lacking. Mineral nutrition markedly affects plant diseases. Recently, we reported that disease severity on melon foliage and A. citrulli growth in the leaf tissue were significantly influenced by the form of nitrogen supply. In the present study, we investigated the influence of potassium nutrition on BFB severity and A. citrulli establishment in the foliage of melon plants. Fertilization with relatively low concentrations of potassium increased these variables compared with higher potassium concentrations. Since establishment of A. citrulli during the growing season is assumed to increase the incidence of fruit infection, the fact that mineral nutrition influences BFB incidence in the plant foliage is of particular importance.     

基于胶体金免疫层析法快速检测蓝莓中的百菌清残留

为建立蓝莓样品中百菌清残留快速筛查方法，以农药百菌清为目标分析物，系统研究了胶体金标记参数及样品前处理方法对胶体金免疫层析方法 (colloidal gold immuno-chromatographic assay, GICA)的影响。结果表明：以25 nm的胶体金颗粒标记百菌清单克隆抗体作为检测探针，分别将包被原百菌清-BSA (1 mg/mL)和羊抗鼠IgG抗体(0.1 mg/mL)包被于硝酸纤维膜(NC膜)，形成检测线(T线)和质控线(C线)，组装成百菌清胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条。蓝莓样品经酸化乙腈提取，双蒸水(dd H2O)稀释后，应用该纸条对蓝莓中百菌清残留肉眼观察检出限(LOD)为0.1 mg/kg (T线完全消线)，可实现15 min内蓝莓中百菌清的定性与半定量分析，同时，试纸条对样品中4-羟基百菌清、五氯硝基苯、多菌灵和腐霉利的检测不存在交叉反应。蓝莓中百菌清添加回收试验的胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条测试结果与超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)方法的检测结果一致。这两种方法都可以成功地应用于蓝莓中百菌清的检测，胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条有助于现场检...     

Biological Control to Protect Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli

ABSTRACT The efficacy of biological control seed treatments with Pseudomonas fluorescens (A506), Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (AAA 99-2), and an unidentified gram-positive bacterium recovered from watermelon seed (WS-1) was evaluated for the management of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of watermelon. In growth chamber and greenhouse experiments, seed treated with AAA 99-2 displayed superior disease suppression, reducing BFB transmission by 96.5%. AAA 99-2, P. fluorescens A506, and Kocide also suppressed the epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli when applied to attached watermelon blossoms 5 h prior to inoculation. Watermelon blossom protection reduced seed infestation by A. avenae subsp. citrulli. From blossoms treated with 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 63% of the resulting seed lots were infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli. In contrast, for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively. The effect of blossom treatments on seed lot infestation was statistically significant (P = 0.001) but WS-1 was not significantly different from PBS. These findings suggest that blossom protection with biological control agents could be a feasible option for managing BFB.     

Development of a TaqMan probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (TiiPCR) for the detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidovorax citrulli</Emphasis>, the bacterial pathogen of watermelon fruit blotch

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important crop of the Cucurbitaceae family in fruit production worldwide. During its production, bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli (Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli) is an important limiting factor on the volume and value of crops. This pathogen is known as a seed-borne pathogen, and the infested seeds can be a primary source of inoculum. Hence, a rapid and sensitive method for detecting A. citrulli on seeds would be an important tool in the management of BFB. In this study, we sought to develop a method to detect A. citrulli bacterial cells based on a TaqMan probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (TiiPCR) assay. Firstly, the specific primers and probe were designed based on a specific DNA fragment from the genome of A. citrulli. Then, PCR amplification was performed with the plasmid DNA to adjust the components of the PCR reagents, such as the concentrations of primers, magnesium chloride, and Taq DNA polymerase. Results revealed that 10 copies of plasmid DNA were detectable within the modified reagents by TiiPCR. Moreover, 10 bacterial cells in each reaction tube were detectable at a 100 % detection rate in this condition with a fluorescent signal intensification over 1.8. Based on these results, we concluded that a specific, rapid, and sensitive method based on TiiPCR had been successfully developed to detect bacterial cells of A. citrulli.     

Cotyledons are the main source of secondary spread of Acidovorax citrulli in melon nurseries

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) disease resulting in substantial economic damage to cucurbit crops worldwide. The plant parts and cultural practices (irrigation methods and bactericidal sprays) that affect the secondary spread of Ac in melon nurseries were investigated in this study. Overhead irrigation dispersed the pathogen from infected seedlings to 95% of the neighbouring healthy seedlings, with 80% of them displaying high disease severity. In contrast, when sub‐irrigation by floating was employed, the neighbouring plants of the infected ones did not display disease symptoms and were not colonized by Ac. Foliar treatment with Kocide after cotyledon emergence reduced disease incidence to 40%, with 37% of the plants displaying low disease severity. Assessment of Ac populations in different parts of the seedlings revealed that cotyledons were the most colonized part of the plant. Images of fluorescent binocular and confocal laser‐scanning microscopy of seedlings infected with a GFP‐labelled Ac strain showed that the pathogen forms abundant aggregates on the surface of cotyledons, colonizes the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatic tissues extensively, and moves through the vascular system of the hypocotyls, leading to infection of emerging leaves. Results of this study indicate that preventing secondary spread of Ac in melon nurseries by sub‐irrigation combined with a bactericidal spray at the cotyledon stage may provide an effective means for BFB control.     

Detection of the leaf curl pathogen of anemones in corms by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Colletotrichum sp., the cause of leaf-curl disease of cultivated anemones in south-west England, was detected in anemone tissue by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The method had a lower detection limit of less than 100 ng/ml (dry weight pure mycelium) and was specific enough for the detection of the pathogen in host tissue. The potential of the method in indexing anemone corms and also in the detection of a new disease of strawberries is discussed.     

不适温度条件诱导西瓜嗜酸菌进入VBNC状态的研究

 由西瓜嗜酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli)引起的瓜类果斑病,是危害西瓜和甜瓜等葫芦科作物的一种典型的种传细菌性病害。已有文章报道西瓜嗜酸菌在铜离子诱导下可进入“有活力但不可培养”(viable but non-culturable,VBNC)状态,并在适当条件下复苏,成为生产中潜在的病害初侵染来源。本文结合实际生产中的种子温汤浸种和低温储藏等条件,分别设定了50℃、55℃高温和4℃低温对西瓜嗜酸菌AAC00-1进行处理,通过流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)和平板培养法分别检测菌体活性和可培养性。结果显示,不适宜的温度条件能够诱导西瓜嗜酸菌AAC00-1进入VBNC状态,其中55℃高温20和30 min的两个处理,所有活菌均进入VBNC状态。将处理后的AAC00-1接种西瓜子叶,接种植株未表现出果斑病症状,且不能从接种部位分离得到可培养菌体。表明本诱导条件下的VBNC状态A. citrulli菌体不能通过短时间活体接种复苏。本研究分析了西瓜嗜酸菌在不适宜温度条件下进入VBNC状态的能力,为解析病害可能的初侵染来源提供了理论依据,对葫芦科作物果斑病防控具有重要的生产实践意义。     

西瓜嗜酸菌趋化性的初步研究

瓜类细菌性果斑病是世界范围的检疫性细菌病害,病原菌为西瓜嗜酸菌,带菌种子为主要侵染源。病原细菌在寄主表面的定殖能力与其致病能力关系密切,而趋化性是决定定殖能力的关键因素之一,研究不同物质对西瓜嗜酸菌趋化性的影响对防治瓜类细菌性果斑病具有重要意义。本文采用毛细管法,研究了碳源、氨基酸、有机酸及其他物质对西瓜嗜酸菌趋化性的影响。结果表明,所测碳源中,麦芽糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖和半乳糖均显著促进西瓜嗜酸菌的趋化性;所测氨基酸中,L-精氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺和L-丙氨酸显著促进西瓜嗜酸菌的趋化性;所测有机酸中,琥珀酸、半乳糖醛酸和酒石酸显著促进西瓜嗜酸菌的趋化性;氯化钠、硫酸镁等对西瓜嗜酸菌的趋化性无显著影响。