黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)复制酶基因转化植物及其介导的抗病性研究

 利用黄瓜花叶病毒CMV亚组Ⅰ株系Fny-CMV RNA₂的1209~1626核苷酸片段和亚组Ⅱ株系Ls-CM VRNA₂的2002~2433核苷酸片段的cDNA克隆。     

雀麦花叶病毒核酸特性的研究

 对用两相酚法提取的雀麦花叶病毒E株系和G株系的RNAs进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,其结果进一步证明RNA3a是BMVG株系中的一个新RNA组份。在昆诺藜上进行核酸侵染性测定,也再次证明其核酸的侵染需要RNA₁、RNA₂、RNA₃。而RNA3a和RNA₄对其症状表现也有一定的强作用。分别用BMV-E-RNAs和RNA3a做模板,合成其互补DNA（C-DNA）.采用NorthernBlot杂交分析法分别和E株系、G株系的RNA组份进行分子杂交实验,发现RNA3a和RNA3的核苷酸序列有同源性.这说明RNA3a属于RNA₃的亚基组份.而不是原来推测的卫星RNA.     

我国部分省市甜椒黄瓜花叶病毒的亚组鉴定

 CMV是我国甜椒上的主要毒原种类,并有着许多不伺的株系,近年来,一些CMV株系被分为2个亚组^[1,2]。同一亚组株系的核苷酸序列同源性在95%以上,在寄主范围、致病性等方面有一定的相似性;而不同亚组株系在寄主范围、致病性、复制及传播等方面均有差异^[3]。所以,以快速、准确的分子生物学方法鉴定我国甜椒CMV分离物的亚组地位,可以为抗病毒基因工程育种、品种合理布局以及防治措施的实施提供依据。     

侵染百合的黄瓜花叶病毒亚组Ⅱ分离物cp基因克隆和序列分析

 从云南大理的东方型百合上得到黄瓜花叶病毒分离物(CMV-DL), ELISA检测初步确定为CMV亚组Ⅱ分离物, 设计并合成CMV亚组Ⅱ的特异引物, RT-PCR扩增得到1条约800 nt的特异片段, 经克隆及序列测定, 该片段长828 nt, 包含的外壳蛋白(CP)基因由657 nt组成。将该分离物的cp基因与其它14个CMV分离物进行同源性比较, 在核苷酸水平上与CMV亚组I和亚组Ⅱ的同源性分别为76.8%~78.1%和98.6%~99.2%;在氨基酸水平上与CMV亚组I和亚组Ⅱ的同源性分别为82.0%~84.3%和95.9%~100.0%。结果表明CMV-DL为CMV亚组Ⅱ成员。     

白术矮化病毒病病原的分子鉴定和部分序列分析

 本试验在生物学接种的基础上,利用非序列依赖性PCR扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)对白术矮化病毒病病原进行了分子鉴定,序列测定及分析。结果发现,具有矮化症状的白术为黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)所侵染。为明确CMV白术分离物(CMV-Am)的分类地位,本研究进一步克隆了CMV-Am的外壳蛋白基因(CP)和移动蛋白基因(MP)全序列。序列比对分析表明,CMV-Am与CMV亚组ⅠB中株系XJ2序列同源性最高,核苷酸、氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9%、99.1%。氨基酸序列同源性聚类分析表明,CMV-Am与中国大多数CMV分离物一样,属于CMV亚组ⅠB。     

黄瓜花叶病毒甜菜分离物的分离鉴定

 从新疆石河子地区春季采种甜菜和夏播母根用甜菜上分离到3个病毒分离物,代号为石-B-2、石-B-5和石-B-D,自然感染甜菜引起叶片黄色花叶、扭曲、皱缩和植株严重矮化。病毒粒体球状、直径28~30 nm、均含有分子量约为2 9k D外壳蛋白、3种相同的较大片段的双链RNA (即3400 bp的RNA1、3100 bp的RNA₂、2300 bp的RNA₃)和片段大小约400 bp的小RNA,石-B-2和石-B-D具有1100 bp的RNA4,在ELISA和琼脂双扩散试验中,3个分离物均与CMV-83抗血清有特异反应,初步认为这3个球状病毒分离物属于CMV,但它们具有狭窄的寄主范围,不感染心叶烟、蔓陀罗、番茄,在寄主反应、双链RNA4和卫星RNA的大小上明显不同于国内外报道的CMV株系或分离物,同时说明侵染甜菜的CMV可能存在着株系分化。     

河南省地黄病毒病初步鉴定

 利用血清学、RT-PCR并结合核苷酸序列测定等方法,对河南省地黄病毒病进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为侵染地黄的主要病毒;对TMV地黄分离物(TMV-RH) CP基因的序列分析结果表明,TMV-RH与TMV-U1株系CP基因的核苷酸同源性为86.5%,氨基酸同源性为94.3%;与已发表的TMV其它株系CP基因的核苷酸同源性在76.3%~88.5%之间,氨基酸同源性在79.3%~95.0%之间,同源性较低。根据不同株系CP的氨基酸序列进化树分析,推测该分离物可能为TMV的一个新株系。     

新疆石河子、伊宁地区黄瓜花叶病毒株系分化

为了研究新疆黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)分子变异及株系分化,对从石河子和伊宁地区采集的205个加工番茄、23个辣椒、4个番茄、2个南瓜样品进行酶联免疫检测和RT-PCR检测.在4种寄主上均检出了亚组Ⅰ型CMV,其中加工番茄的感染率高达74.15％.进一步对来自辣椒的YN-6、LJ-4、L-10,加工番茄的S1-1、S1-14,番茄的YN-2,以及南瓜的YN-9等7个样品CP、RNA3、MP核苷酸序列进行相似性和进化树分析.7个样品与CMV亚组ⅠB株系分离物的相似性较高、亲缘关系最近,均可归为CMV亚组ⅠB.而来自辣椒的LJ-4、L-10与其余5个样品的序列相似性较低,亲缘关系较远,在进化树上形成独立分支.说明在新疆加工番茄及其它蔬菜上广泛流行的CMV存在分子变异.     

李属坏死环斑病毒新疆分离物运动蛋白基因片段的克隆与序列分析

为进一步揭示李属坏死环斑病毒(Prunus necrotic ringspot virus,PNRSV)新疆巴旦木分离物的分子特征、遗传变异及其与宿主之间的相互关系,采用RT-PCR方法扩增并克隆了4个PNRSV新疆巴旦木分离物运动蛋白(move protein,MP)基因片段,并进行了测序及序列同源性分析。结果表明,4个新疆巴旦木PNRSV分离物MP基因片段分别为259、258、254、260 bp;其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与已报道的PNRSV分离物的同源性分别为72.7%~91.7%和75.6%~92.9%,表现出明显差异,其中与美国分离物CH9同源性最高,分别达88.8%~91.7%和82.6%~92.9%;而与同属03亚组的苹果花叶病毒(Apple mosaic virus,Ap MV)同源性较低,仅为51.2%~58.1%和52.3%~61.9%;新疆PNRSV各分离株之间MP基因核苷酸序列同源性较高。系统发育树显示,4个新疆巴旦木PNRSV分离物与Ⅰ组代表毒株PV32的核苷酸序列同源性达88.4%~91.3%,并与Ⅰ组分离物聚集成簇,表明PNRSV新疆巴旦木分离物属于引起严重症状的Ⅰ组株系,且Ⅰ组中各分离物之间表现出一定的寄主相关性,而Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组中各分离物之间未表现出明显的寄主相关性。     

RNA 2 of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Subgroup I Strain NT-CMV is Involved in the Induction of Severe Symptoms in Tomato

A selection of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I strains originating from Asia and Fny-CMV isolated in USA were studied for their interaction with tomato plants. All strains caused mosaic, fernleaf expression and stunting of tomato plants. Symptom expression was relatively mild after infection with Fny-CMV, T-CMV, Le-CMV and MB-CMV, whereas strains PRC-CMV, NT-CMV and K-CMV caused more severe symptoms. Biologically active clones of NT-CMV RNAs 2 and 3 were generated to construct pseudorecombinant viruses with Fny-CMV to map the symptom determining RNA. The pseudorecombinant FNF-CMV (RNAs 1 and 3 from Fny-CMV, RNA 2 from NT-CMV) showed a similar phenotype on tomatoes to those caused by NT-CMV, whereas FFN-CMV (RNAs 1 and 2 from Fny-CMV, RNA 3 from NT-CMV) induced symptoms comparable to Fny-CMV. The data indicate that CMV RNA 2 of NT-CMV is involved in the induction of severe symptoms in tomato plants.     

云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病主要病毒种类检测及黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

 采用抗原直接包被和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对采自云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病样品进行了病毒种类检测,利用三抗体夹心ELISA对黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的亚组类型进行了鉴定。在云南采集的520个花叶病样品中,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、CMV和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)总检出率分别为71.74%、55.01%和6.35%;在福建采集的150个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为94%、24.66%和8.00%;在湖南采集的74个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为58.11%、51.35%和2.70%。部分样品为2种以上病毒复合侵染。云南、福建和湖南采集的64个CMV阳性样品中,属亚组Ⅰ的样品为57个,占89.1%;属亚组Ⅱ的样品为10个,占15.6%;其中3个样品为亚组Ⅰ和亚组Ⅱ的复合侵染。     

油菜花叶病毒山西地黄分离物的全基因组序列测定与分析

 采用双链RNA(double-stranded RNA, dsRNA)技术和非序列依赖PCR扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)方法对感病地黄进行分子鉴定,并测定油菜花叶病毒(Youcai mosaic virus,YoMV)山西地黄分离物(YoMV-SX)的基因组全序列。序列测定及分析发现侵染地黄的病毒为油菜花叶病毒(Youcai mosaic virus,YoMV)。获得YoMV-SX(GenBank登录号JX422022)全长为6 304 nt,5′UTR长度为68 nt,3′UTR长度为236 nt,含有4个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)。全序列核苷酸一致性分析显示YoMV-SX与Tobamovirus亚组Ⅲ中分离物的一致性为90.7%～96.0%,与同属亚组Ⅰ和Ⅱ的一致性仅为50.2%～63.3%。全序列系统进化分析表明,YoMV-SX与YoMV-Wh形成一个独立分支,亲缘关系最近。这是YoMV侵染地黄的首次报道。     

Serological and biological variation between and within subgroup I and II strains of cucumber mosaic virus

Fourteen strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from Australia have been characterized by their host range and symptomatology. They were classified as subgroup I or II strains by a dot-blot molecular hybridization assay between their total viral RNAs and selected cDNAs. The strains F_NY and L_Ny, both from the USA, were used as the subgroup I- and subgroup II-type strains, respectively. A range of serological tests was used to compare these isolates. Gel immunodiffusion tests, with standard antigens homologous to the antisera prepared against glutaraldehyde-fixed virus of 11 strains, showed that they could be divided into three serogroups on the basis of spur formation in heterologous reactions. Two of the serogroups included either subgroup I or subgroup II isolates, whereas the third serogroup consisted of only one strain (Y_WA) which was homologous to all the strains tested. Use of heterologous standard antigens in this test failed to show further subgrouping of the antigens. Double-antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA using polyclonal antibodies to distinct virus strains also placed the 14 strains in the same three serogroups. When eight different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in indirect ELISA, one of them distinguished subgroup-I strains and another distinguished subgroup-II strains; the Y_WA strain fell into subgroup II. Other MAbs showed narrower or broader specificity. Thus both molecular hybridization with total RNA and specific MAbs may be useful for separating isolates of CMV into subgroups I and II. Spur formation using heterologous standard antigens to the antisera, as well as being more difficult to interpret, was not a reliable criterion for classification.     

Characterization of Synergy Between Cucumber mosaic virus and Potyviruses in Cucurbit Hosts

ABSTRACT Mixed infections of cucurbits by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potyviruses exhibit a synergistic interaction. Zucchini squash and melon plants coinfected by the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and either Fny-CMV (subgroup IA) or LS-CMV (subgroup II) displayed strong synergistic pathological responses, eventually progressing to vascular wilt and plant death. Accumulation of Fny- or LS-CMV RNAs in a mixed infection with ZYMV in zucchini squash was slightly higher than infection with CMV strains alone. There was an increase in CMV (+) strand RNA levels, but no increase in CMV (-) RNA3 levels during mixed infection with ZYMV. Moreover, only the level of capsid protein from LS-CMV increased in mixed infection. ZYMV accumulated to similar levels in singly and mixed infected zucchini squash and melon plants. Coinfection of squash with the potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and CMV strains increased both the Fny-CMV RNA levels and the LS-CMV RNA levels. However, CMV (-) strand RNA3 levels were increased little or not at all for CMV on coinfection with WMV. Infection of CMV strains (LS and Fny) containing satellite RNAs (WL47-sat RNA and B5*-sat RNA) reduced the accumulation of the helper virus RNA, except when B5*-sat RNA was mixed with LS- CMV. However, mixed infection containing ZYMV and the CMV strains with satellites reversed the suppression effect of satellite RNAs on helper virus accumulation and increased satellite RNA accumulation. The synergistic interaction between CMV and potyviruses in cucurbits exhibited different features from that documented in tobacco, indicating there are differences in the mechanisms of potyvirus synergistic phenomena.     

黄瓜花叶病毒浙江白术分离物全基因组序列测定与分析

正白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)为菊科(Compositae)苍术属(Atractylodes)多年生草本植物,其根茎入药具补脾健胃、燥湿利水、止汗安胎等功效,在我国广泛栽培,并以于术(浙江临安于潜)品质最佳[1]。近年来白术生产由于品种单一,长期连作等因素导致病毒病害日趋严重。据报道,黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)~([2])、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2,     

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)2个山西分离物CP序列测定及亚组分类分析

 在生物学检测的基础上,利用酶联免疫检测、非序列依赖性PCR(sequence-independent amp-lification, SIA)对感病番茄进行分子鉴定,表现卷叶和花叶症状的番茄均被黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)侵染,分离物分别命名为SXFQ(GenBank登录号为JX993914)和FQ(GenBank登录号为JX993912)。为明确其分类地位,对二者外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)进行克隆和测序分析。应用DNAMAN软件对本课题组前期检测的7个CMV山西分离物、SXFQ、FQ以及其他3个CMV典型分离物CP序列进行比较分析,发现核苷酸和氨基酸序列最大相似性分别为77.1%~100%和81.6%~100%。氨基酸序列系统进化分析表明,9个CMV山西分离物属于CMV亚组I B的2个分支,其中在指示植物上表现较强症状的SXFQ与其他5个分离物为一分支,在指示植物上表现较弱症状的FQ与其他2个分离物为另一分支。对9个山西分离物CP进行亚组分类分析,结果表明其理化性质、稳定性、疏水性与预测结果相近,2个分支的分离物分别出现相近的氨基酸变异和蛋白结构,存在一定规律性。     

我国不同CMV分离物2b基因片段的RT-PCR扩增及其序列比较

 本研究根据黄瓜花叶病毒2b基因的保守序列设计引物,利用一步RT-PCR技术对多个不同寄主和不同地理来源的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物的2b基因片段进行扩增,获得了含该基因全长约90%的cDNA片段(300bp)。序列测定与比较分析结果表明,国内不同CMV分离物2b基因片段核酸序列同源性达93%以上,推测的氨基酸序列同源性超过90%,且均属于亚组Ⅰ。