萧县棉铃虫抗药性发展动态的初步探讨

从田间采集棉铃虫３龄幼虫，用点滴法连续测定３对６种杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明：萧县棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、来福灵的抗性发展速度在加快，目前抗性指数平均每年以５．７、４．８、５．２倍的速度递增，至１９９４年抗性指数分别为３１．５、１５．６、１７．７倍，均达中抗水平；对久效磷、灭多威抗药性的发展速度较慢，抗性指数平均每年以０．５和０．７倍的速度递增，至１９９４年发展至２．７和３．２倍，仍处敏感阶段；棉铃虫对氧化乐果的抗药性亦在发展之中。     

棉铃虫对几种杀虫剂的抗性监测

１９９３－１９９６年用点滴法和浸叶法分别测定了几个县棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,灭多威,久效磷的抗性水平,其结果溴氰菊酯ＬＤ５０分别为０．００９５９,０．０１６１２,０．０２３６０ｕｇ／头,氯氰菊酯ＬＤ５０分别为０．５５７０,０．０８５９０,０．７５５９ｕｇ／头,与敏感基线标准比较,棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯的抗性瑙为１３．７０,２３．００,３３．７１;     

荸荠枯萎病病原菌及其生物学研究

１９９６－１９９７年用诊断剂地监测,证明冀鲁豫６个棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,灭多威,久效磷和辛硫磷已有较高的抗性效率。其中３３％的样本抗性频率顷５０％以上,５１％的样本抗性频率在２０％－５０％之间,只有１６％的样本抗性频率在２０％以上。点滴法测定结果表明,棉铃虫对三氟氯氰菊酯的抗性指数在４７．倍以上,最高达１９５．６倍。     

褐飞虱对甲胺磷、扑虱灵的抗药性现状及发展趋势

本文报道采用点滴法和浸苗法监测江苏地区褐飞虱对甲胺磷、扑虱灵抗药性的现状及发展趋势。从１９９３年到１９９５年褐飞虱对甲胺磷的抗药性指数为４．９～１０．２，属耐药到低抗性水平；对扑虱灵的抗药性指数为２．４～３．１，耐药性明显增加。经连续筛选８代，褐飞虱对甲胺磷和扑虱灵的抗性分别增加５倍和６．５倍，显示这２种药剂大面积连续使用抗药性会继续增加，其中对扑虱灵的抗药性上升速度略快于对甲胺磷。     

棉铃虫对久效磷抗性的毒理学机制

就棉铃虫田间种群对久效磷抗性的毒理学机制进行了研究。久效磷对敏感品系和高抗品系的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制率存在显著差异,在同等剂量浓度下,对敏感品系的抑制率为７３．４８％,对高抗品系的抑制率仅为５９．６７％,说明棉铃虫对久效磷产生高水平抗性与乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感性有关。在不同田间抗性品系中,ＰＢＯ和ＴＰＰ对久效磷均具有明显的增效作用,增效比分别为５．６～２３．４倍和２．９～４．６倍;而相应地ＢＰＯ和ＴＰＰ对     

多种类型农药对棉铃虫的控制效果和对天敌的安全性筛选试验

１９９５－１９９６年田间筛选试验表明,棉烟灵（棉铃虫多角体病毒制剂）硫双灭多威,硫丹和硫氰乳油（硫丹＋氰戊菊酯）四种杀虫剂不仅防治棉铃虫的效果好,而且对棉田天敌的杀伤作用小,校正死亡率在－３３．８～５８．７％;三氟氯氰菊酯和辛氰乳油（辛硫磷＋氰戊菊酯）对棉铃虫的防治效果较好,但对天敌杀伤力最强,校正死亡率在７０．１～８８．９％久效磷和灭多威对天敌杀伤作用虽较小,但对棉铃虫效果不太理想。     

大荔县棉铃虫抗药性发展动态监测及治理对策

大荔县为陕西省棉花主产区。１９９２～１９９５年棉铃虫曾大发生，农药使用频次高，棉铃虫对常用农药产生了一定的抗药性。１９９５年，本县植保植检站作为农业部棉铃虫抗药性监测点，开始监测棉铃虫对有机磷（久效磷）、拟除虫菊酯（氯氰菊酯）、氨基甲酸酯（灭多威、万灵）等三大类常用农药的抗性，并边监测，边治理，取得较好效果。由于近两年全县推广种植抗虫棉，棉田棉铃虫发生特点有了新的变化，根据目前抗虫棉田棉铃虫对三大类农药抗性发展状况，调整了以往的防治思路，提出今后一个时期内的治理对策。１材料和方法１．１供试药剂及…     

北方特早熟棉区棉铃虫抗药性发展动态监测

棉铃虫是北方特早熟棉区主要害虫之一，其发生频率高，用药次数多，使其对杀虫剂易产生抗性，致使防治困难，对棉花生产构成威胁。为摸清棉铃虫的抗性发展规律，我们于１９９７～２０００年选择主产棉区朝阳作为抗性监测点，监测棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类氯氰菊酯、有机磷类久效磷和氨基甲酸酯类灭多威农药的抗性发展情况，以期累积资料，了解棉铃虫抗性发展的规律，探索抗性治理对策，延长药剂使用寿命。１材料和方法１．１供试棉铃虫１９９７～２０００年每年６月下旬至７月上旬，一代棉铃虫成虫大量迁入棉田时，于棉田设置杨树枝把诱蛾，对采…     

棉铃虫抗甲氧虫酰肼种群对12种杀虫剂的交互抗性

利用室内筛选获得的甲氧虫酰肼中等抗性种群(R, 30.57倍)和敏感种群(S),采用浸叶法测定了棉铃虫对12种常用杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果表明抗性种群对虫酰肼产生了13.57倍的中等水平交互抗性;对茚虫威的抗性倍数为3.05倍,无明显交互抗性;而对辛硫磷、毒死蜱、灭多威、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、虫螨腈、虱螨脲、氟啶脲、氟铃脲和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抗性倍数在0.50 ~2.36倍之间,无交互抗性。试验结果提示,在棉铃虫对甲氧虫酰肼的抗药性治理中,轮换使用与甲氧虫酰肼没有交互抗性的杀虫剂将可有效延缓其抗药性发展。     

华北棉区棉铃虫对三种杀虫剂的抗性监测

为明确华北棉区棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera田间种群对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性,于2014—2015年和2018—2019年分别采集河南、河北、山东和山西4个省的棉铃虫田间种群,采用浸叶法于室内测定棉铃虫对辛硫磷、三氟氯氰菊酯和甲维盐的抗性水平。结果表明,各监测点棉铃虫对辛硫磷处于中等水平抗性,在2014—2015年和2018—2019年的抗性倍数分别为13.0~58.5倍和21.1~55.3倍,棉铃虫对辛硫磷的抗性发展相对缓慢;各监测点棉铃虫种群对三氟氯氰菊酯已产生中等至高水平抗性,并呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖种群的抗性倍数由2014年的61.0倍、22.5倍和24.0倍上升至2019年的91.1倍、44.7倍和61.3倍,山东夏津种群的抗性最高,2019年抗性倍数达到216.3倍;棉铃虫种群对甲维盐表现为低至中等水平抗性,河北沧县、河南安阳、山西盐湖和山东夏津种群的抗性倍数分别为8.2~40.4倍、5.8~16.6倍、5.5~23.4倍和11.0~36.6倍。表明4个监测地区的棉铃虫田间种群对3种杀虫剂已经产生了不同程度的抗性,建议减少这3种杀虫剂的使用频次,并注意与其他杀虫剂交替轮换使用,以延缓棉铃虫抗药性的发展。     

华北和新疆棉铃虫对三类农药抗性发展趋势分析

1996－1999年监测了河北冀州,河南西华,山东高密和新疆库尔勒棉铃虫对氯氟氰菊酯,久效磷和灭多威的抗性动态变化,结果表明,新疆棉铃虫抗性水平变化很少,尚处于敏感状态或低抗水平,而华北棉铃虫已处于中到高抗水平,不同年份比较,对氯氟氰菊酯,冀州棉铃虫抗性呈下降趋势,而西华和高密棉铃虫在1996－1998年呈上升趋势,但自1998年起华北地区大量种植Bt棉,使得1999年棉铃虫抗性有所下降,对久效磷和灭多威,华北各地棉铃虫的抗性在1996－1999年均呈上升趋势。棉铃虫抗性个体频率变化趋势与上述结果基本一致。     

棉铃虫抗药性监测及其化学防治

1997～1998年,用浸叶接虫法测定了山西省南部棉区永济县棉铃虫对常用5种农药的抗药性,同时进行了多种农药防治棉铃虫田间药效试验研究。结果表明,永济县棉铃虫对氯氰菊酯已产生了高等水平的抗药性,对久效磷产生了中等水平的抗药性,但对灭多威仍未产生明显的抗药性。水胺硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、丙·辛乳油和甲对·氯乳油等农药防治永济县二代棉铃虫效果较好     

新疆喀什棉铃虫敏感性基因保护研究

从新疆喀什采集棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera Huebner)在室内建立实验种群,以点滴法测定了该种群对31种杀虫剂的敏感性毒力数据,对所测得的毒力基线进行了排队分析。结果表明,新疆喀什棉区棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、部分有机磷酸酯类杀虫剂如久效磷、丙溴磷、辛硫磷、甲胺磷、蔬果磷和甲基对硫磷等表现敏感;对氨基甲酸酯类的灭多威敏感度接近敏感毒力基线。而对有机磷酸酯类的另一些品种如亚胺硫磷、氧乐果、倍硫磷、敌百虫及其他品种如硫双灭多威、异丙威和硫丹等却表现高度耐性。最后,就新疆棉区棉铃虫对杀虫剂敏感性基因保护进行了讨论。     

Comparative measurements of resistance to insecticides in three closely-related old and new world bollworm species

Toxicity measurements were made with three closely-related Bollworm species, Heliothis virescens F., Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner) using insecticides of 3 different chemical classes. Tests were carried out by a leaf-dip method using neonate larval stages, a topical application test on 3rd larvae, and a topical test with imagines. H. armigera populations from Ivory Coast, Turkey, Thailand, and India were obtained and investigated. H. virescens originated from the USA and Colombia, and H. zea from Guatemala and Nicaragua. Resistance was expressed in all species, the sensitive reference strains having similar LC₅₀s in tests with monocrotophos, profenofos, thiodicarb, and methomyl. Since resistance appeared not to be a quality related to species but rather a feature common to all of the samples investigated, its origin must be connected with the type of cotton culture and the selection pressure they were subjected to in their respective agro-ecosystem. Resistance was highest for monocrotophos and cypermethrin in Central American countries, differences in the treatment regime being reflected by the resistance levels attained. In all stages tested, resistance was sufficiently well expressed to make a monitoring system based on neonate larvae, the 3rd larval stage, or imagines of the species possible. The final decision as to which should be used for a general, comparative monitoring system, therefore, should be governed by the technical parameters of the testing process.     

甜菜夜蛾抗药性及其机理

采用FAO推荐的点滴法,测定了甜菜夜蛾山东泰安种群对顺式氯氰菊酯等5种药剂的抗性,以及5种增效剂对5种药剂的增效作用。用浸渍法测定了2种渗透剂对药剂的增效作用。结果表明,泰安种群与敏感种群相比,对顺式氯氰菊酯、灭多威、丙溴磷、氟啶脲和硫丹的抗性分别达1536.0,532.1,193.5,25.0及11.9倍,且抗性谱广、发生程度严重。5种增效剂和2种渗透剂与不同药剂混用,均表现不同程度的增效作用,表明该种群为多重抗性。其抗性与多功能氧化酶、水解酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活性提高有关,也涉及抗击倒基因敏感度和表皮穿透性的改变。     

Status of Insecticide Resistance in Spodoptera litura in Andhra Pradesh,India

Twenty-two strains of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), collected from groundnut crops of eight locations in Andhra Pradesh, India, between 1991 and 1996 were assayed in the F1 generation for resistance to commonly used insecticides. Resistance levels ranged as follows: cypermethrin, 0·2- to 197-fold; fenvalerate, 8- to 121-fold; endosulfan, 1-to 13-fold; quinalphos, 1- to 29-fold; monocrotophos, 2- to 362-fold and methomyl, 0·7- to 19-fold. In nearly all strains pre-treatment with the metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, resulted in complete suppression of cypermethrin resistance (2- to 121-fold synergism), indicating that enhanced detoxification by microsomal P450-dependent monooxygenases was probably the major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. Pre-treatment with the synergist DEF, an inhibitor of esterases and the glutathione S-transferase system, resulted in a 2- to 3-fold synergism with monocrotophos indicating that esterases and possibly glutathione S-transferases were at least to some extent contributing to organophosphate resistance. © 1997 SCI.     

Note: Insecticide resistance in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> from cotton-growing areas in Turkey

Insecticide resistance inHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most important constraints on cotton production in Turkey. We investigated the susceptibility ofH. armigera strains collected from cotton fields in the Adana, Hatay and Antalya provinces to insecticides which are in wide use. LD₅₀ values for tralomethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, endosulfan, profenofos and methomyl were determined by topical bioassay. At the LD₅₀ levels, resistance ratios for tralomethrin were 24.7-, 19.7- and 15.7-fold in the Adana, Hatay, and Antalya strains, respectively; and for lambda-cyhalothrin were 41-, 20-and 40-fold, respectively. Resistance ratios ranged from 1.2- to 2.1-fold in all field strains for endosulfan, profenofos and methomyl, with no significant resistance. These results suggest the presence of resistance to tralomethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin inH. armigera strains collected from cotton fields, but no resistance to endosulfan, profenofos or methomyl could be observed.     

三种增效剂对棉铃虫增效作用

用３个不同地区的棉铃虫田间种群分别测定了３种增效剂对３种杀虫剂的增效作用。结果表明ＰＢ对氯氟氰菊酯,ＤＥＦ对辛硫磷,ＰＢ和ＴＰＰ对灭多威增效较好,而且棉铃虫的抗性水平越高,增效剂的增效作用越突出。     

抗Bt棉铃虫种群的交互抗性研究

分别用对CyrlAc抗性达11．6倍的Bt棉叶和Bt粉剂（Btk)汰选棉铃虫（Heliocoverpa armigera)种群（对Btk的抗性指数为5．2倍）,测定了其对不同Bt制剂,Bt毒素,化学农药的交互抗性,结果表明：停止汰选后,Bt棉叶汰选种群对CrylAc的抗性指数为5．9倍,对CrylAc 1C的交互抗性为3．7倍,对Btk的敏感性降低,对Bta,Cry2A无交互抗性,Btk汰选种群对Btk的抗性指数为4．1倍,对Bta,CrylAc,CrylAc 1C的交互抗性为2．3,3．1,2．3倍,对Cry2A无交互抗性,两汰选种群对化学农药灭多威,辛硫磷,氯氰菊酯的敏感性均有所增加。