法国进境葡萄砧木中啤酒花矮化类病毒的检测与序列分析

为检测法国进境葡萄砧木中啤酒花矮化类病毒（Hop stunt viroid,HSVd）,对其进行了RT-PCR检测及序列测定,并构建系统进化树比较了不同地域来源HSVd间的分子差异性。结果表明基于HSVd基因序列设计合成的1对引物能够扩增出302 bp大小的目标片段,而健康植株无此扩增产物。法国葡萄砧木中检出的HSVd分离物,与国内外已报道毒株的核酸序列同源性达90%~97%,与已报道的HSVd全基因组序列间差异较小,表明HSVd的序列变异与地域、寄主等无明显相关性。     

山西省枣树上啤酒花矮化类病毒的检测及序列分析

［目的］ 从枣树样品中分离鉴定啤酒花矮化类病毒（HSVd）。［方法］ 从山西省农业科学院果树研究所国家枣种质资源圃采集70份枣树叶片样品,提取小分子RNA后通过Northern杂交、RT PCR进行检测,并对阳性样品中的类病毒进行克隆测序,利用生物学软件对所得序列进行分析。 ［结果］ 70份枣树样品中有1份样品感染HSVd,克隆测序后,共获得13条HSVd序列,它们与GenBank上首次报道的HSVd序列相似性为92.6%~92.8% 。［结论］ 本研究首次在国内报道了枣树上分离得到的HSVd序列,HSVd枣树分离物与已报道的HSVd分离物差异较大。     

我国部分省市草莓种苗中黄瓜花叶病毒的检测分析

 为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。     

我国部分省市草莓种苗中黄瓜花叶病毒的检测分析

 为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。     

侵染肥城桃的病毒和类病毒的分子检测与鉴定

为明确山东肥城桃种植区桃树上主要存在的病毒和类病毒及其发生情况,采集具有花叶、斑驳和皱缩典型症状的肥城桃样品,提取叶片总RNA后,分别选用桃树上已报道的啤酒花矮化类病毒Hopstuntviroid(HSVd)、桃潜隐花叶类病毒Peach latent mosaic viroid(PLMVd)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV)、樱桃锉叶病毒Cherry rasp leaf virus(CRLV)、桃花叶病毒Peach mosaic virus(PMV)、李属坏死环斑病毒Prunus necrotic ringspot virus(PNRSV)、李痘病毒Plum pox virus(PPV)、李矮缩病毒Prunus dwarf virus(PDV)、樱桃绿环斑驳病毒Cherry green ring mottle virus(CGRMV)、杏假褪绿叶斑病毒Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus(APCLSV)、李树皮坏死茎纹孔伴随病毒Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus(PBNSPaV)和小樱桃病毒1号Little cherry virus 1(LchV1)的特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。PCR结果显示仅HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV的扩增产物中得到了预期大小的目的片段,将目的片段克隆测序后,经NCBI BLAST比对发现,山东肥城桃分离物HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV与GenBank已报道分离物序列一致性均达90%以上。表明山东肥城桃已感染HSVd、PLMVd 2种类病毒和ACLSV、PNRSV、PBNSPaV 3种病毒。     

基于小RNA深度测序技术鉴定侵染我国部分省市草莓种苗的病毒种类

随着草莓保护地栽培面积的增加和无性繁殖种苗的繁殖与调运,草莓病毒病的发生与流行日益严重。为明确侵染我国部分省市草莓种苗的病毒种类,应用小RNA深度测序技术进行检测,并利用RT-PCR技术对结果进行验证及序列分析。结果表明,从来自我国7省市的41株具有典型病毒病症状的草莓种苗样品中检测到草莓斑驳病毒strawberry mottle virus (SMoV)、草莓镶脉病毒strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV)和草莓轻型黄边病毒strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV)3种。SMoV、SVBV和SMYEV的检出率分别为34.1%、24.4%和2.4%。选取不同产地草莓种苗上检出的不同病毒进行部分序列测定和分析,获得了3个SMoV分离物(四川分离物schhy13、辽宁分离物lnhy23和河北分离物hbhy28)的部分RNA1 3′端非编码区606 bp核苷酸序列,其一致性为98.12%～99.34%。测定并获得了5个SVBV分离物(辽宁分离物lnhy15、lnhy17、lnhy24、河北分离物hbhy28和陕西分离物sh...     

我国部分苹果产区苹果锈果类病毒的检测和全序列分析

近年来,由苹果锈果类病毒Apple scar skin viroid(ASSVd)引起的苹果花脸病、锈果病在我国一些苹果产区日趋严重,对我国苹果生产和苹果产业发展造成严重危害。为了解ASSVd在我国一些苹果产区的发生和变异情况,采用RT-PCR对陕西、山东、山西、河北、北京和黑龙江6个苹果产区的35份苹果样品进行检测,并克隆获得30个分离物的基因组全序列,大小为330~333个核苷酸。分析表明,这些分离物的基因组全序列与GenBank中ASSVd基因组核苷酸序列相似度为96%~100%,在苹果锈果类病毒属的末端保守区及中央保守区保守,在致病区和左端区域有突变,一些分离物的突变位点相同。系统发育分析表明分离物因相同的突变位点而聚类,而与地理来源无关。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒的鉴定与群体进化分析

番茄黄化曲叶病(tomato yellow leaf curl disease,TYLCD)是番茄上的重要病害,可由多种双生病毒引起。为了明确北京地区番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类和病毒基因组变异情况,本研究收集了51个采自北京不同区县的病毒疑似样品,进行了双生病毒的检测及分离物的基因组分析。经双生病毒简并引物检测25个样品呈阳性;扩增获得10个代表性分离物的全基因组,大小均为2 781bp,共含有6个开放阅读框;经比对,10个分离物与Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel(TYLCV-IL)同源率大于99%;基于我国TYLCV分离物全基因组序列的变异分析表明,TYLCV在进化上比较保守,整个基因组上的变异是不均匀的;系统发育树显示我国TYLCV分离物在进化树上可分为3个组群,分析了我国TYLCV群体进化情况。     

北京地区番茄黄化曲叶病病毒分离物测定及株系的初步鉴定

 番茄黄化曲叶病毒病是番茄生产中的一种毁灭性病毒病害,2009年传入北京。利用烟粉虱传双生病毒简并引物PA/PB对2010年~2011年采集自北京市5个区县的53个番茄样品进行检测,30个表现典型黄化曲叶病症状的样品均扩增得到约500 bp的特异条带,测定了其中7个样品的部分序列,经序列比对分析表明其为番茄黄化曲叶病毒（Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV）。利用TYLCV特异引物TJ-F/TJ-R、TY-F/TY-R对样品BJDXXY、BJFS02、BJFS03、BJMY2231进行TYLCV基因组克隆和序列测定,经分析4个样品携带的TYLCV基因组长度均为2 781碱基,编码6个蛋白。基因组序列比较发现,这4个分离物与TYLCV-Israel株系同源性达到98%以上;通过建立系统发育树,发现BJDXXY、BJFS02、BJFS03与河北分离物（HBLF4）、山东分离物（SDSG）亲缘关系较近,BJMY2231与上海分离物（TYLCV-Israel）、江苏分离物（JSNJ1）亲缘关系较近。     

我国梅树上病毒及类病毒的检测和鉴定

目前, 我国梅树上的病毒种类及发生情况仍不完全清楚。本研究从北京、武汉、南京和无锡的梅园中采集了64份疑似感染病毒的叶片样品, 通过RT-PCR和斑点杂交, 对7种病毒和2种类病毒进行了检测。共检测到6种病毒和1种类病毒。其中, 李属坏死环斑病毒(prunus necrotic ringspot virus, PNRSV)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(peach latent mosaic viroid, PLMVd)为我国梅树上的首次检出。PNRSV、亚洲李属病毒2号(Asian prunus virus 2, APV2)、桃叶痘伴随病毒(peach leaf pitting-associated virus, PLPaV)的检出率高于30%。综合考虑病毒的分布及检出率, PLPaV、APV2、PNRSV和李树皮坏死茎痘伴随病毒(plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus, PBNSPaV)是武汉、南京和无锡梅树上的主要病毒。此外, 通过克隆和测序, 获得了PLMVd和梅树病毒A(mume virus A, MuVA)的基因组, PLPaV的RNA1组分和PNRSV外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列。序列比较分析显示, 我国PLMVd梅分离物和PNRSV梅分离物与我国桃分离物亲缘关系最近, 表明PLMVd和PNRSV可能在梅和桃树间交互侵染;我国MuVA梅分离物序列与日本梅分离物序列的相似性高达98.56%;PLPaV梅分离物与我国桃分离物之间序列变异较大。上述结果不仅进一步明确了我国梅树上的病毒及类病毒种类和分布情况, 而且有助于深入了解它们的流行与传播。     

Simultaneous detection and genetic variability of stone fruit viroids in the Czech Republic

In this paper, we report a large-scale survey for the incidence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in stone fruit collections and commercial orchards in the Czech Republic. From the 645 samples analysed, PLMVd was detected in 80 (26.6%) of peaches and the HSVd in 3 (1.3%) of apricot and 1 (0.33%) of peach trees. Sixty-seven accession of peach (44.6%) from the Czech Clonal GeneBank were infected by PLMVd. In addition, we used naturally infected trees to standardise the simultaneous detection of PLMVd and HSVd plus host mRNA as the control by means of one-step multiplex RTC-PCR. Eleven PLMVd and two HSVd isolates were sequenced and analysed. All the PLMVd variants were highly homologous (97–100%) to previously reported PLMVd variants from Tunisian peach and almond trees, and clustered together in the previously reported phylogenetic group III. The HSVd variants obtained from apricot and peach trees were included in the previously proposed recombinant group PH/cit3.     

Molecular characterization of Chinese Hop stunt viroid isolates reveals a new phylogenetic group and possible cross transmission between grapevine and stone fruits

A survey for the incidence of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infection in China was conducted using dot-blot hybridization. Out of 553 tested samples, 127 samples of stone fruits (apricot, peach, plum and almond), grapevine and hop were positive for HSVd, giving a mean infection rate of 23?%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the HSVd variants isolated from stone fruits, grapevine and hop were clustered into known hop and plum groups. However, two grapevine variants, HSVd.g50 and HSVd.g57, could not be clustered into any known groups, indicating a previously unknown phylogenetic group of HSVd isolates. HSVd.g38 was the single grapevine variant that clustered with the plum group isolates, supporting cross transmission between grapevine and stone fruits and the heterogeneity of grapevine isolates.     

Incidence and genetic diversity of Peach latent mosaic viroid and Hop stunt viroid in stone fruits in Serbia

Tissue-imprint hybridization (TIH) assay was validated for large-scale detection of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). All 72 collected leaves (100%) from 2 PLMVd- and 2 HSVd-infected trees were positive in TIH, regardless of the geographic orientation of the scaffold, level of the canopy and position of the leaf in the shoot. In a large-scale survey in Serbia, we tested by TIH 871 trees of stone fruits, representing 602 cultivars from fruit collections in Belgrade, Čačak and Novi Sad. PLMVd was detected in 185 (50%) peach trees or 95 (54%) cultivars and HSVd in 2 apricot trees and cultivars (2%). The occurrence of HSVd is a new report for Serbia. No viroid infection was found in European plums, sweet cherries, sour cherries and wild Prunus spp. PLMVd-infected peach cultivars originated from the world’s main breeding centres of this crop. Western European and Asian cultivars were the most infected (58%) followed by those originating from North America (50%). Nine PLMVd and two HSVd isolates were sequenced and analyzed. All showed PMLVd sequences clustered together in the previously reported phylogenetic group III. Both HSVd isolates were found to be derived from recombinant events, but that of the cv. Saturn represented a putative new phylogenetic group of HSVd.     

Peach red marbling and peach sooty ringspot, two new virus-like degenerative diseases of Prunus

More than 600 Prunus samples were examined by using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labelled RNA probe specific for hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Prunus salicina and Prunus armeniaca appeared to be better hosts than Prunus persica . The weak viroid concentration in flowers and young leaves of peach trees growing in the field did not permit its detection in such samples. The diagnosis was more reliable (about 85%) with bark and leaves aged 4 months and more, from regrowths of GF 305 peach seedlings inoculated and kept in the greenhouse. Detection of HSVd in leaves and bark of apricot and Japanese plum plants aged 3 months or more also proved reliable (about 80% and 90%, respectively). HSVd could be transmitted in apricot, peach and plum nucleic acid preparations to GF 305 peach seedlings by repeated stem slashing, and to cherries ( Prunus avium and Prunus serrulata ) by approach grafting with an infected P. salicina source. The viroid was eliminated from 18% of the clones obtained after thermotherapy.
In the course of this study, 25 selected Prunus accessions suspected to be infected by unusual diseases were analysed by hybridization with a HSVd-specific probe and by indexing on GF 305 peach seedlings in the greenhouse. Fifteen of these accessions were found to be infected by HSVd, 19 induced reddish marbling, and four induced small blackish spots on the leaves aged about 4 months. Repeated assays showed that these foliar symptoms were not caused by the viroid. Peach red marbling (PRMa) has not been associated with any known virus and seems to be caused by an infectious agent not yet described. That could also be the case with the agent of peach sooty ringspot (PSRS). PRMa and PSRS symptoms were reproduced by grafting and indexing, and their causal agents eliminated by thermotherapy in a significant fraction of the treated plants. They behave like viral agents and can infect the different Prunus species studied.     

我国部分地区樱桃病毒病害初步调查和病原检测

对山东泰安、辽宁大连和北京的樱桃病毒病发生情况进行调查,发现8个果园/栽培区均有病毒病发生,主要症状为叶片皱缩、畸形、卷叶、花叶、植株矮缩等。采集20份样品,利用12种病毒的引物进行RT-PCR检测。结果表明,在样品中扩增出与樱桃病毒A(Cherry virus A,CVA)、李属坏死环斑病毒(Prunus necrotic ringspot virus,PNRSV),李矮缩病毒(Prune dwarf virus,PDV)、李树皮坏死与茎痘伴随病毒(Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus,PBNSPaV)、樱桃绿环斑驳病毒(Cherry green ring mottle virus,CGRMV)、樱桃小果病毒-1(Little cherry virus-1,LChV-1)预期大小一致的目的片段;序列分析表明,与GenBank中注册所测的病毒核苷酸序列均具有较高的一致性。其中,大连、泰安和北京样品均检测到CVA;大连和北京样品中检测到PNRSV和PDV;北京样品中检测到PBNSPaV;大连苗木样品枝条中检测到CGRMV和LChV-1。这是在我国樱桃上首次检测到LChV-1。