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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定9种绿叶类蔬菜中36种农药多残留的基质效应 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法 (UPLC-MS/MS) 研究了香菜、木耳菜、油麦菜、冬苋菜、蕹菜、生菜、芹菜、菠菜和茼蒿等9种绿叶菜类蔬菜中36种农药多残留的基质效应及影响因素。比较了QuEChERS方法中不同吸附剂对基质效应的影响,并比较了经QuEChERS方法、氨基柱净化法和未经净化直接检测3种前处理方法在UPLC-MS/MS检测模式下基质效应的差异。结果表明:N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 对绿叶菜中主要影响基质效应的杂质净化效果较好;QuEChERS净化法优于其他2种,样品经QuEChERS法净化后,36种农药在木耳菜、油麦菜、冬苋菜、蕹菜和生菜中均为弱基质效应,可直接采用试剂标准品进行定量分析。对于基质效应明显的蔬菜和农药,建议采用基质匹配标准曲线进行定量分析;针对一些基质效应较强的农药,在灵敏度和仪器检出限允许的前提下,可适当采用稀释法补偿基质效应。 相似文献
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农药残留检测中不同蔬菜的基质效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于QuEChERS前处理方法,在气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 检测条件下,考察了200种农药在17种蔬菜基质中的基质效应,通过基质效应分析找到了合适的代表性基质用作配制检测过程中的基质匹配标准溶液。结果表明:由于基质干扰成分及农药性质的差异,导致不同蔬菜及农药品种之间的基质效应差异。在GC-MS/MS检测中,供试的150种农药中绝大部分表现为基质增强效应,其中葱、姜和大蒜表现为很强的基质效应,萝卜的基质效应较弱;菠菜、芹菜、豇豆和生菜4种蔬菜对其他蔬菜品种能够起到很好的基质校正效果,可作为代表性基质在日常检测中用于其他蔬菜基质的定量分析。在UPLC-MS/MS检测中,供试的105种农药中大部分表现为基质抑制效应,其中姜、大蒜、葱、芹菜、韭菜和菠菜的基质效应较强,西葫芦的基质效应弱;黄瓜、普通白菜、番茄和生菜4种蔬菜能较好地校正其他蔬菜的基质效应,但与GC-MS/MS相比校正能力稍弱。本研究结果认为代表性蔬菜基质可用于降低基质效应对检测结果的干扰。 相似文献
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基质效应对不同蔬菜中有机磷农药残留检测的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用NY/T 761-2008方法,通过使用不同基质,对5类蔬菜中10种有机磷农药残留进行了检测,明确了不同的基质溶液对检测结果的影响程度。建议今后的检测过程中合理地利用基质效应,尽量采用蔬菜分类检测,不同种类的蔬菜采用不同的基质,这样能够大大减少基质带来的干扰,提高结果的准确性。 相似文献
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基于层次分析法的陕西省环境保护成效评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过构建环境保护成效指标体系递阶层次结构图,运用层次分析法建立陕西省环境保护成效综合评价体系。在消除原始数据量纲的影响、拟定标准化原则的基础上,评价自西部大开发以来,陕西水环境、大气环境、固体废物、声环境和环境的保护程度。结果显示:陕西省环境保护工作取得了一定成效,水环境、固体废物、声环境和生态系统得到不同程度的保护,大气环境保护有所下降。 相似文献
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西部十二省(市)经济发展水平的区域差异研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文通过制定西部 1 2省市区域经济发展水平的评价指标体系 ,利用层次分析法确定了各指标权重 ,采用该区域 2 0 0 0年社会经济统计数据对其进行综合评价 ,再采用Medianclustering分类法进行系统聚类分析 ,将整个西部划分为 4个经济发展类型区 ,进而分析其区域差异的空间特征及其原因 ,并简单探讨了进行西部经济开发的对策。 相似文献
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以"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)概念模型为基础,针对油气田开发建设的项目特点,建立了一套油气田开发建设对生态环境影响的综合评价指标体系,提出了包括目标层、准则层、要素层和指标层的4层30个评价指标,并提出了各指标的评价标准。采用模糊层次综合评价法从横向和纵向两方面评价油气田建设对生态环境的影响。以苏里格气田进行了实例研究。结果表明:苏里格油气田开发建设对生态的影响在2007年属于轻度影响,2008年、2009年、2010年属于中度影响。分析结果与该地区实际情况相符,这一研究成果为油气田生态环境评价提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
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Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) and proficiency testings (PTs) are effective for evaluation of the quality of analytical results. The National Metrology Institute of Japan has developed five kinds of CRMs and has provided eight PTs so far for the quantification of pesticide residues in foods. Target pesticides were sprayed on growing crops, and the harvests were used for the preparation of CRMs and PT samples. In most cases, multiple analytical methods based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry were used to ensure the reliability of certified values (for CRMs) and reference values (for PT samples). These activities were carried out with corresponding to the international standards such as ISO 17034 and ISO/IEC 17043. An overview of the development of CRMs and the implementation of PTs is described, with some examples. 相似文献
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沙尘暴影响综合评价是沙尘暴灾害研究中的一个重要方面,而沙尘暴影响综合评价指标体系是其中的一个重要环节。文中从省级沙尘暴影响综合评价角度出发,对沙尘暴影响综合评价指标体系建立原则、沙尘暴影响评估现状、沙尘暴影响、沙尘暴监测手段进行了阐述,并初步研究了针对气象部门的沙尘暴影响综合评价的指标体系和评估方法。最终对当前沙尘暴影响综合评价的一些问题进行了讨论,并最终提出了针对气象部门省级沙尘暴影响综合评价的一些思路。 相似文献
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Biological assays for plant viruses and other graft‐transmissible pathogens diagnoses: a review 下载免费PDF全文
P. Legrand 《EPPO Bulletin》2015,45(2):240-251
Biological assays, often referred to as woody indexing and herbaceous indexing, may be used to detect and identify plant viruses and other graft‐transmissible pathogens to ensure that plants for planting are free from regulated pests. However, many factors can influence the results of biological indexing, which affect the analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity and reliability (repeatability and reproducibility) of these tests. This review focuses on the following: the environmental factors, the role of the inoculum source, the choice of the indicator plant, the expression of symptoms, the number of repetitions, the use of positive controls and healthy controls, the means of transmission of pathogens, the differentiation of strains, the influence of isolates or strains of pathogens, mixed infections, and the bulking of samples for testing. Some indicator plants which are highly susceptible to many viruses and virus‐like diseases may be used to detect a wide range of pathogens. However, comparing the results from bioassays with those from serological or molecular tests has shown the limits for detection and identification of many pathogens. It is concluded therefore that biological assays should only be considered for use in conjunction with serological or molecular tests to detect and identify pathogens. Bio‐amplification by indicator plants to amplify a pathogen to levels that can be detected by another test method remains of interest. 相似文献
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农药残留研究进展与展望 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
农药残留是农药应用后的必然现象。农药残留引起的安全问题已经引起全社会的高度关注。本文从农药残留分析方法、农药环境行为、加工农产品中农药残留变化、我国农药残留标准制定等四个方面简要综述近年来农药残留研究的基本状况及发展趋势,以期为农药残留的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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Carl E. Johansson 《Pest management science》1978,9(4):313-322
A multiresidue analytical method for the simultaneous extraction of organochlorine, organophosphorus, dinitrophenyl and carbamate pesticides from apples is presented. Extraction is performed with a mixture of toluene and hexane. After clean-up on a Florisil column, and in some cases conversion to derivatives, quantitative determination is performed by electron-capture gas chromatography. Qualitative verification is performed by thin-layer chromatography or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 相似文献
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Sulfur has been widely used for centuries as a staple for pest and disease management in agriculture. Presently, it is the largest‐volume pesticide in use worldwide. This review describes the sources and recovery methods for sulfur, its allotropic forms and properties and its agricultural uses, including development and potential advantages of nanosulfur as a fungicide. Chemical and microbial reactivity, interactions in soil and water and analytical methods for determination in environmental samples and foodstuffs, including inexpensive analytical methods for sulfur residues in wine, beer and other food/beverage substrates, will be reviewed. The toxicology of sulfur towards humans and agriculturally important fungi is included, with some restrictions on use to promote safety. The review concludes with areas for which more research is warranted. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献