小麦条锈菌中国鉴别寄主阿夫的抗条锈病基因单体分析

应用单体分析技术,用2E16单孢菌系对小麦条锈菌中国鉴别寄主阿夫进行抗条锈病主效基因分析及染色体定位。结果表明,阿夫对2E16菌系的抗性是由1对显性抗条锈基因控制,未发现其中含有与Sonalike相同的抗条锈病基因,确认阿夫中除含YrA外至少还含有1对未知的显性抗条锈病基因,并将其定位在3B染色体上,暂定名为YrFun。     

冬小麦品种北京837抗叶锈病基因的染色体定位研究

 1990~1993年间,引用中国春全套单体系列和抗叶锈病小麦近等基因系(或单基因系)为材料,采用单体遗传分析和基因推导相结合的方法,对冬小麦品种北京837抗叶锈病基因进行染色体定位研究,明确其对生理小种叶中1号的抗性系由分别位于染色体1B和6B上的两个显性互补基因所控制。位于1B染色体上的基因可能是Lr26,位于6B上的可能是Lr3a,二者可抵抗我国小麦叶锈菌群体中的部分生理小种(或毒性基因组合)。     

小麦条锈菌中国鉴别寄主洛夫林10和洛夫林13抗条锈性遗传研究

 洛夫林10和洛夫林13是中国小麦条锈菌重要鉴别寄主,为明确其抗条锈性遗传基础,本文采用常规杂交分析和等位性检测相结合的方法,将洛夫林10、洛夫林13分别与完全感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交和测交,获得各组合的正反交群体,在温室对其进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析,并分别与已知基因载体品系杂交和自交进行等位性检测。结果表明,洛夫林10对CYR17和CYR26的抗性分别由1对显性基因控制,属核遗传,洛夫林10抗CYR17和CYR26的基因与Moro、洛夫林13、K733所含的抗条锈病基因等位或紧密连锁;洛夫林13对CYR17和Su-1的抗性均由2对显性互补基因控制,对CYR26的抗性由1对显性和1对隐性重叠或独立基因控制,均属核遗传,洛夫林13抗CYR17、CYR26、Su-1的2对基因中有1对基因与Moro中的抗性基因等位或紧密连锁,抗CYR17的另1对基因与Hybrid46中的抗性基因等位或紧密连锁。表明洛夫林10和洛夫林13同含Yr9,洛夫林10的Yr9可能来源于无芒1号,洛夫林13的Yr9和另1对基因均来源于Skorospelka3B,未知基因可能位于6B或6A染色体上。     

中国小麦贵州98-18中抗叶锈基因的分子定位

小麦(Triticum aestivum)品系贵州98-18对中国目前大多数叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)生理小种表现抗性。基因推导表明,贵州98-18可能携带新的抗叶锈基因。为了有效利用这一抗源,将贵州98-18和感病小麦品种郑州5389杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,用我国叶锈菌优势小种THTT对双亲及其杂交后代进行接种鉴定。结果表明,贵州98-18对THTT的抗性由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为LrG98。采用SSR技术对贵州98-18携带的抗病基因进行分子标记,共筛选了1 274对SSR或STS引物,位于1BL染色体上的4对引物可在抗/感池和双亲中扩增出多态性DNA片段。遗传连锁分析结果表明,该抗病基因位于小麦1BL染色体上,与Xbarc582-1B和Lr26的STS标记ω-secali(Glu-B3)的遗传距离最近,均为3.8 cM。该基因与目前所有已知的抗叶锈基因不同,可能是1个新的抗病基因。     

小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病遗传分析及SSR分子标记

 为明确小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病的遗传基础,对红蚰麦和豫麦13的杂交F₂代群体进行了遗传分析,结果表明红蚰麦携带1对显性的抗白粉病基因(暂命名为Pmhym)。利用SSR标记和F₂代分离群体分组分析法,将该基因定位在7B染色体的长臂上,与3个微卫星标记Xwmc232、Xgwm577和Xwmc526连锁,遗传距离分别是14.3、25.6和57.2cM。分子标记分析表明该基因不同于已有被定位在7BL上的Pm5系列复等位基因,因而推测Pmhym是1个新的抗白粉病基因。上述结果将为开展Pmhym基因的精细定位奠定基础。     

三个小麦农家品种的苗期抗白粉病遗传分析

[目的]对3份小麦农家品种‘矮秆芒麦’、‘红头麦’和‘大红头’进行苗期抗性的遗传分析,研究它们的抗白粉病遗传特点,为其在抗病育种中的有效利用提供依据.[方法]将这3份小麦农家品种分别与感病品种‘铭贤169’正、反杂交,获得了F1和F2代.利用白粉菌E09菌株,分别对这3份农家品种、感病亲本‘铭贤169’以及各自的F1和F2代植株进行抗性鉴定.调查统计的数据经卡方测验分析其符合度.[结果]这3份农家品种对白粉菌E09菌株的抗性均由1对隐性核基因控制.[结论]3份农家品种对石家庄本地区的混合白粉病菌表现出良好的抗性,并且对E09的抗性均由1对隐性基因控制.可以进一步对它们进行分子标记及定位研究,为其作为抗源在小麦抗白粉病育种中的应用奠定基础.     

抗条锈病小麦种质WS4-8的抗性鉴定及遗传

为明确小麦体细胞无性系4-8(WS4-8)抗条锈病的遗传稳定性及抗性遗传特点,采用基因推导、抗性鉴定、遗传分析等方法对其进行了抗条锈性的鉴定和等位性分析。结果表明,WS4-8所携带的抗性基因与已知抗性基因不同;WS4-8的条锈病抗性表现优异,遗传稳定;用CY33小种对WS4-8和铭贤169的正交、反交组合F1和F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,F2群体符合3R∶1S单基因控制的抗性遗传规律,WS4-8对CY33的抗性由1对显性核基因控制;用CY33对WS4-8分别与Yr5/6×Avocet S、Yr10/6×Avocet S、Yr15/6×Avocet S及92R137(Yr26)组配的杂交组合F1及F2代植株人工接种鉴定表明,F1全部抗病,而F2中有感病植株,说明WS4-8所携带的抗条锈病基因与Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr26不等位。研究表明,WS4-8的抗条锈性是由1对显性核基因控制,与已知抗性基因不同,可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。     

普通小麦“兰考90(6)”品系对白粉病抗性的遗传研究

 普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)"兰考90(6)"系列品系是以六倍体小黑麦(X Triticosecale Wittmack;AABBRR)为白粉病抗源培育的新的小麦-黑麦1BL/1RS异易位系。这些品系高抗白粉病。小麦白粉病抗性基因推导试验证明,"豫麦66"携带的抗病基因与大多数已经报道的小麦抗白粉病基因不同。用白粉菌[Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer f. sp. tritici]单孢堆分离物进行的遗传分析表明,"兰考90(6)"品系携带一个小种专化的隐性抗白粉病基因。对"中国春"和"兰考90(6)21-12"杂交F₂分离群体进行1RS染色体检测,结果证明该抗白粉病基因不在1RS染色体臂上。本研究为有效利用"兰考90(6)"系列品系中的抗白粉病基因提供了科学依据。     

丰抗2号冬小麦抗锈性基因的染色体定位研究

 用"中国春"单体系和抗锈品种"丰抗2号"杂交,对其抗病基因进行染色体定位。结果表明,丰抗2号对条锈菌小种25号的单显性抗病基因位于5B染色体上;对叶锈菌小种38号的单显性抗病基因位于5A染色体上。位于5B和5A染色体上的两个分别抵抗条锈和叶锈病的基因可能是新的抗病基因。     

我国小麦地方品种蚂蚱麦、小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒抗白粉病性遗传分析

我国地方品种是小麦白粉病抗性的重要来源之一,为了对地方品种抗源的利用奠定基础,采用常规杂交方法,以感病品种Chancellor分别与我国小麦抗病地方品种蚂蚱麦、小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒进行正交和反交,获得F₁、F₂代。根据白粉菌菌株的毒谱选用E09菌株对Chancellor与小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒的杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析,选用E30菌株对Chancellor与蚂蚱麦的杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析。结果表明4个品种在正、反交情况下均表现出由一对隐性基因控制的抗性,说明这4个地方品种属于核遗传,其抗性是由一对隐性基因控制的。     

小麦品种(系)抗白粉病基因推导及分子标记鉴定

利用基因推导法和分子标记对我国主要麦区的小麦品种(系)进行了抗白粉病基因的鉴定。结果表明,南30-10等15个品种(系)含有Pm8,新麦2号等9个品种(系)含有Pm4,中植4号等9个品种(系)含有Pm21,郑麦113含有Pm4b+5b,杨09-111和新紫1号含有Pm2+mld。研究发现,基因推导和分子标记相结合,可大大提高小麦品种(系)抗白粉病基因鉴定结果的准确性,鉴定结果可为抗病育种和品种布局及白粉病的防治提供依据。     

36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。     

Mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance of wheat – a review of molecular breeding

Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) results in serious economic loss in wheat production. Exploration of plant resistance to wheat powdery mildew over several decades has led to the discovery of a wealth of resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). We have provided a comprehensive summary of over 200 powdery mildew genes (permanently and temporarily designated genes) and QTLs reported in common bread wheat. This highlights the diverse and rich resistance sources that exist across all 21 chromosomes. To manage different data for breeders, here we also present a bridged mapping result from previously reported powdery mildew resistance genes and QTLs with the application of a published integrated wheat map. This will provide important insights to empower further breeding of powdery mildew resistant wheat via marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

2011—2014年河南省小麦白粉菌群体毒性结构分析

<正>小麦白粉病是小麦生产上的重要病害,在我国各主要麦区均有发生。上世纪70年代后期以来,随着小麦矮秆品种的推广、水肥条件的改善和小麦白粉病单一抗源的利用,再加上小麦白粉菌生理小种高度变异等因素的影响,导致小麦白粉病的发病面积和危害程度维持在一个较高的水平。国际上普遍采用的是基于小麦     

A major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat

ABSTRACT A major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) from wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, AA). NC96BGTA5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree Saluda x 3/PI427662. The response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici, and the line was resistant to all tested isolates. The analyses of P(1), P(2), F(1), F(2), and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from NC96BGTA5 revealed two genes for wheat powdery mildew resistance in the NC96BGTA5 line. One gene, Pm3a, was from its recurrent parent Saluda, and the second was a new gene introgressed from wild einkorn wheat. The gene was determined to be different from Pm1 to Pm21 by gene-for-gene and pedigree analyses. The new gene was identified as linked to the Pm3a gene based on the F(2) and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from a cross between NC96BGTA5 and a susceptible cultivar NK-Coker 68-15, and the data indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 1A. It is proposed that this new gene be designated Pm25 for wheat powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5. Three random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, OPX06(1050), OPAG04(950), and OPAI14(600), were found to be linked to this new gene.     

Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew in Aegilops sharonensis

Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) is a wild relative of wheat and a rich source of genetic diversity for disease resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis and also the allelic relationships between genes controlling resistance to each disease. Progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated for their disease reaction at the seedling and/or adult plant stage to determine the number and action of genes conferring resistance. Two different genes conferring resistance to leaf rust races THBJ and BBBB were identified in accessions 1644 and 603. For stem rust, the same single gene was found to confer resistance to race TTTT in accessions 1644 and 2229. Resistance to stem rust race TPMK was conferred by two genes in accessions 1644 and 603. A contingency test revealed no association between genes conferring resistance to leaf rust race THBJ and stem rust race TTTT or between genes conferring resistance to stem rust race TTTT and powdery mildew isolate UM06-01, indicating that the respective resistance genes are not linked. Three accessions (1644, 2229, and 1193) were found to carry a single gene for resistance to powdery mildew. Allelism tests revealed that the resistance gene in accession 1644 is different from the respective single genes present in either 2229 or 1193. The simple inheritance of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis should simplify the transfer of resistance to wheat in wide crosses.     

Molecular characterization of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat cultivar suwon 92

ABSTRACT Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Pyramiding race-specific genes into a single cultivar and combining race-specific resistance genes with durable resistance genes are the preferred strategies to improve the durability of powdery mildew resistance. The objectives of this study were to characterize a powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 and identify gene-specific or tightly linked molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single seed descent from a cross between Suwon 92 and a susceptible cultivar, CI 13227. The RILs were screened for adult-plant infection type of powdery mildew and characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The linked markers explained 41.3 to 69.2% of the phenotypic variances measured in 2 years. A morphological marker, hairy glume, was also associated with powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92, and explained 43 to 51% of the phenotypic variance. The powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 was located on the short arm of chromosome 1A where Pm3 was located. Two gene-specific markers were developed based on the sequence of the cloned Pm3b gene. These two markers, which were mapped at the same locus in the peak region of the LOD score for the RIL population, explained most of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew resistance in the RIL population. The powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92 is most likely conditioned by the Pm3 locus. The gene markers developed herein can be directly used for MAS of some of the Pm3 alleles in breeding programs.