顶空气相色谱法检测农药乳油制剂中甲醇含量

建立了农药乳油制剂中甲醇含量快速检测的顶空气相色谱分析方法。以环己烷为内标,采用DB-1701毛细管色谱柱进行分离,氢火焰粒子化检测器(FID)测定。结果表明,该方法在甲醇体积分数为0.1%～1%范围内线性关系良好,回归方程的相关系数为0.999 1,7次平行测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.33%,空白溶液甲醇的添加回收率在95%～100%之间。该方法简单实用,可以为其他农药液体制剂中易挥发有毒助剂的检测提供参考。     

顶孢霉Ahy1菌株微粉剂的配方筛选

采用室内生物测定的方法,从6种载体、6种分散剂、5种黏着剂、5种紫外保护剂中筛选适宜于顶孢霉Ahy1孢子粉微粉剂的助剂。结果表明,载体硅藻土、紫外线保护剂荧光素钠和腐植酸、分散剂木质素磺酸钠(或钙)、黏着剂羧甲基纤维素对顶孢霉孢子的生物活性无显著影响。用以上助剂加工的20%顶孢霉孢子粉微粉剂,孢子含量为9.8×109个/g,干燥减量为4.36%,孢子萌发率为90.23%,比重为0.37g/cm~3,颗粒细度过200目筛,粉粒直径约为74μm,5℃下贮藏6个月后孢子萌发率为80%,符合真菌农药粉剂国家标准(标准号GB/T25864-2010),在微粉细度上符合制剂标准。     

四氯虫酰胺与3种助剂混配对棉铃虫的防治效果

棉铃虫是为害棉花的主要害虫,给棉花生长造成严重影响。为筛选出四氯虫酰胺防治棉铃虫的最佳浓度和最适助剂,本文以四氯虫酰胺作为试验药剂,氯虫苯甲酰胺为对照药剂,青皮橘油、Silwet 408、甲基化植物油为农药助剂,采用人工饲料混药法进行室内毒力测定,并进行田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,四氯虫酰胺对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的72 h LC₅₀为0.061μg/mL,低于氯虫苯甲酰胺;四氯虫酰胺减量30%后与青皮橘油、Silwet 408、甲基化植物油混配能够起到明显的增效作用,增效比分别为1.91、1.33、1.13。田间药效试验结果显示,在药后7 d内,10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂在推荐剂量下对棉铃虫的防效为64.84%～85.53%,与20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂推荐剂量相当,10%四氯虫酰胺悬浮剂+青皮橘油的防效为86.30%～95.56%,表现出较好的速效性,且增效作用优于其他组合。由此建议使用四氯虫酰胺防治棉铃虫时,在推荐用药量基础上减量30%后再与青皮橘油混配进行防治,能够实现农药减施增效的目的。     

拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园应用的安全性评价

采用田间模拟施药与气相色谱法研究了 2 .5 %溴氰菊酯乳油、2 0 %氰戊菊酯乳油、10 %氯氰菊酯乳油、 2 .5 %氯氟氰菊酯乳油、 10 %氯菊酯乳油、 5 %顺式氯氰菊酯乳油、 10 %联苯菊酯乳油等 7种拟除虫菊酯及 2 5 %喹硫磷、 40 %乐果两种有机磷农药在茶园生态环境中的降解动态 ,茶叶加工过程中的消解和泡茶过程中浸出率及其主要影响因子。根据实验结果推算出通过饮茶进入人体的农药量 ,结合农药的毒理特性 ,对拟除虫菊酯在茶园生态环境中应用的安全性进行了评价。结果表明 ,供试农药在茶园中使用的安全性依次为氯氟氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、氯氰…     

农药乳油中有害溶剂检测与方法优化

为了提高生产质控效率,建立并优化了两种农药乳油中甲醇、苯、甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙苯、二甲苯和萘7种有害溶剂含量的气相色谱分析方法。以正癸烷为内标,采用Agilent DB-5毛细管柱和SE-54毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定。结果表明:以Agilent DB-5毛细管柱和SE-54毛细管柱的检测方法分别在4.7~14.1mg/L和3.07~47.26mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.998,检测周期分别为19.25min和14.5min,相对标准偏差(RSD)均1.19%,这7种有害溶剂的回收率在90.19%~97.37%之间。这两种方法简单快速准确,可为农药乳油生产中7种有害溶剂的检测提供参考。     

5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治烟田烟青虫药液最佳使用方案研究

为确定烟田采用5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油喷雾防治烟青虫时的最佳药液配制方案,本研究采用正交试验方法研究了稀释倍数、施药液量和添加Silwet喷雾助剂对烟田喷雾防治烟青虫的影响,以药液在烟田的沉积率和对烟青虫的防治效果为评价指标,结合单因素的极差分析结果,获得5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油在烟田喷雾时的最佳配制施药方法。结果表明:在使用3WBJ-16DZ静电喷雾器喷洒5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治烟青虫时,药剂稀释1 000倍(有效成分含量50mg/L)、施药液量15L/667m2、添加Silwet喷雾制剂30mL/667m2,药液在烟草植株上的沉积率高达63.76%,7d对烟青虫防治效果达到95.84%,显著好于农户采用的稀释2 500倍(有效成分20.00mg/L)、施药液量50L/667m2的防治效果(76.50%)。本文丰富了烟田喷雾时药液配制方面的参数筛选内容,为农药合理使用提供了有力的技术支持。     

纳米助剂对防治西花蓟马五种植物源农药的增效作用

为有效控制有机基地芹菜上的西花蓟马,本研究在防治西花蓟马的植物源农药中加入一定比例的纳米助剂,以期达到提高植物源农药增效减量的目的。研究结果表明：在五种供试的植物源农药（5%扑利旺、0.3%印楝素、1.5%除虫菊素、0.6%苦参碱、2.5%鱼藤酮）中,0.6%苦参碱是防治西花蓟马的理想药剂,施药后3 d和7 d防治效果为75.58%和66.83%;与纳米助剂按照1：1混合施药后,五种植物源农药的防效均提高10%～20%。0.6%苦参碱增效最为显著,施药后3和7 d防治效果为85.71%和78.05%;若将防治效果达到75%为限值,添加纳米助剂后,0.6%苦参碱的持效期由3 d延长到10 d,延长了农药的喷施间隔期,减少了使用量。     

气质联用法分析混入甲基异柳磷的氯氰菊酯5%乳油

本文作者通过采用气质联用法,对氯氰菊酯5%乳油定性定量分析,确认其有效成分及其含量.结果表明.氯氰菊酯5%乳油中舍有非登记农药成分甲基异柳磷和登记农药成分氯氰菊酯,甲基异柳磷质量百分含量为23.84%,氯氰菊酯质量百分含量为3.79%;该方法测定甲基异柳磷和氯氰菊酯的标准偏差分别为0.75和0.18;变异系数分别为3.13%和4.72%;测得甲基异柳磷和氯氰菊酯的平均回收率分别为98.99%和100.69%.     

气相色谱-质谱联用检测农药制剂中8种有机溶剂类助剂的含量及市场样品筛查

建立了农药制剂中甲醇、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 (DMF) 和二甲基亚砜 (DMSO) 8种有机溶剂类助剂的气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 测定方法，并运用该方法对市售的206种液体农药制剂进行了检测，获得市售农药制剂中目标助剂的含量。农药制剂经乙腈稀释10 000倍后，在选择离子监测 (SIM) 模式下测定，8种助剂的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间线性相关性良好，r为0.999 2~0.999 8；8种助剂在100~1 000 mg/kg添加水平下，回收率为76%~116%，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 均小于17%；8种助剂的定量限 (LOQ) 在100~500 mg/kg之间。对206种市售液体农药制剂的筛查结果表明:8种助剂的检出率在0.5%~31.1%之间，超标率在7.2%~14.5%之间，液体农药制剂中苯类溶剂使用量较高。该方法可为农药加工、管理和助剂限量标准制定提供依据，农药制剂中有毒溶剂的使用应引起生产企业和农药管理部门的重视。     

喷雾量及助剂对棉花苗期植保无人飞机作业效果的影响

采用大疆MG-1P型植保无人飞机在棉花苗期进行喷雾,探讨喷雾量及助剂对农药在棉花上的沉积分布及对棉蚜防治效果的影响。以5%啶虫脒乳油为试验药剂,在3个喷雾量 (15.0、22.5和30.0 L/hm2) 及添加2种飞防助剂 (YS09和倍达通) 条件下进行喷雾,以诱惑红为雾滴沉积和农药利用率测定的指示剂,采用Deposit-Scan软件分析雾滴密度和雾滴覆盖率。结果表明:采用植保无人飞机施药,棉花叶片上的雾滴密度和覆盖率随着喷雾量的增加而提高,其中,喷雾量为30.0 L/hm2时叶片正面和背面的雾滴密度最高,分别为43.42 和58.04 个/cm2,雾滴覆盖率分别为6.44% 和6.34%。3个喷雾量下农药沉积率分别为3.53%、3.70%和4.00%,低于背负式电动喷雾器喷雾处理,药后1~3 d对棉蚜的防效也低于背负式电动喷雾器喷雾处理。喷雾量为22.5 L/hm2 时,添加助剂YS09和倍达通对叶片上雾滴密度、雾滴覆盖率及农药利用率无显著影响,但可提高对棉蚜的防效,药后1 d防效为86.24%和84.40%,分别比对照提高9.34%和7.48%,药后3 d防效达95.34%和94.73%,显著高于对照 (88.06%),达到背负式电动喷雾器喷雾水平 (94.36%)。表明采用植保无人飞机在棉花苗期进行施药,提高喷雾量有助于药液在棉花叶片上的沉积,在啶虫脒乳油中添加助剂YS09和倍达通,可提高药液对棉蚜的防治效果。     

辛硫磷乳油和神光乳油中辛硫磷的HPLC快速测定

在以50mm长的反相液谱短柱上实现了上辛硫磷乳油和神光乳油中辛硫磷的HOLC／UV快速分析,该方法的密度为辛硫磷乳油中辛硫磷的相对标准偏差4．3％,神光乳油中辛硫磷的RSD是3．65;辛硫磷乳油中辛硫磷的回收率102．5％,神光乳油中辛硫磷的回收率99．6％,为辛硫磷乳油和神光乳油中辛硫磷的仪器检测提供了一种经济、快速而又准确,可靠的方法。     

七种农药对茴香薄翅野螟防效研究

用喷雾法防治油菜田茴香薄翅野螟,结果表明：0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂4种农药对茴香薄翅野螟的防效随着施药次数增加而增加;40%灭多威可溶性粉剂和25%杀虫双水剂的防效随着施药次数的增加防效逐渐下降; 48%毒死蜱乳油在不同施药次数下防效变化幅度较小,平均防效在95.85%左右;上述7种农药喷施1次后, 以48%毒死蜱乳油和40%灭多威可溶性粉剂的防效最好,分别达96.03%和94.82%。4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油和48%毒死蜱乳油喷施2次和3次时的防效都在95.70%左右。     

Some aspects of tri-allate volatility

The volatility of tri-allate from different formulations when mixed with 2 soils containing water at 2%, 6% and field capacity was estimated in the laboratory. Volatility increased with increasing water content in each case. It was generally highest from an emulsifiable concentrate and lowest from a granule formulation with that from unformulated tri-atlate intermediate. In a greenhouse experiment rates of loss of tri-allate from a dry soil were similar for both emulsifiable concentrate and granule formulations, but from a wet soil and an aluminium foil dish losses were much greater from the emulsifiable concentrate. The persistence of trii-allate from granules applied in the field was virtually the same for granules containing 2.5, 5 or 10% active ingredient.     

Cipac collaborative study to test a colorimetric method for determination of the stability of dilute emulsions

A colorimetric method for the determination of the stability of dilute emulsions (down to 1 ml litre^?1) of emulsifiable concentrates (EC) has been subjected to a collaborative study with 27 participating laboratories, on behalf of the Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC). A dye is added to the emulsifiable concentrate and an aliquot is poured into standard water to obtain an aqueous emulsion. After a specified time, the absorbance of an aliquot of the dyed emulsion is measured and compared to the absorbance measured after initial formation of the emulsion. Collaborators were furnised with four emulsifiable concentrate formulations and the dye, and requested to make three replicate determinations on each dyed sample in CIPAC standard waters A and D. The repeatability and reproducibility figures obtained in these trials indicate that the method permits a good estimation of the stability of dilute emulsions when it is followed exactly.     

Effectiveness of Nuvacron in Controlling Microtus arvalis (Pallas)1

Studies were carried out on the rodenticidal effect of Nuvacron (40% emulsifiable concentrate) applied in 5 different dosages to clover crops and natural pastures subjected to high population densities of Microtus arvalis (Pallas). The mechanical application of a single treatment per year (late in September) with Nuvacron 40% emulsifiable concentrate, at the rate of 3.51/6001 water/ha, resulted in a low density of this pest. Similar results were also obtained when the pesticide was tested on a 35 ha area, under commercial conditions. Consequently, its use is recommended for the control of M. arvalis in alfalfa and clover seed crops.     

印楝素和阿维菌素的液相色谱法同时测定

提出了一种可同时测定印楝素·阿维菌素乳油中印楝素和阿维菌素B1a的液相色谱法。该方法使用Hypersil ODS C18(250 mm×4 mm,5 μm)色谱柱和紫外检测器(印楝素λ 215 nm,阿维菌素B1a λ 240 nm),印楝素和阿维菌素B1a的回收率分别为97.5%~105.0% 和98.0%~107.5%,相对标准偏差分别为1.70%和1.60%,达到了简便、快速、准确的目的。     

含有机硅助剂的阿维菌素微乳剂的研制

研制了含有机硅助剂的阿维菌素微乳剂,并以常规阿维菌素微乳剂或乳油为对照,从制剂质量技术指标、理化性能及生物学效应等方面进行了评价。所配制的含有机硅助剂(Silwet 408)的1.8%阿维菌素微乳剂(含质量分数为6%的环己酮、4%的二甲基亚砜、7%的0203B和5%的Silwet 408,余量为自来水)不仅达到一般微乳剂的质量要求,阿维菌素热贮分解率为1.12%,有机硅助剂的热贮分解率也低于1%,而且通过溶剂优化,节约了70%的有机溶剂用量和7%的表面活性剂用量,还比常规微乳剂和乳油的表面张力降低10 mN/m左右、减小液滴接触角10°以上、增大液滴的扩展面积5 mm2以上,药液的润湿时间从乳油和常规微乳剂难于润湿降低到1 min以内。每公顷7.2 g (有效成分含量)含有机硅助剂的阿维菌素微乳剂对菜青虫的田间防效为96.8%,显著高于相同剂量的乳油制剂(防效94.5%);特别是低容量喷雾增效更为显著,每公顷3.6 g的微乳剂防效为88.4%,明显高于同剂量的大容量喷雾(防效82.7%)。试验结果表明,含有机硅助剂的阿维菌素微乳剂比常规微乳剂或乳油性能更为优越,防效更显著,特别适合于低容量喷雾。     

An analytical study of formulations containing malathion

A total of sixty-five samples of eighteen different commercial formulations containing malathion were examined in this study. Twelve formulations were found to have a malathion content which was in general agreement with that declared. However, one of these twelve formulations (an emulsifiable concentrate) contained a high level of isomalathion. Five formulations (all emulsifiable concentrates) had significantly lower malathion contents than those declared and were contaminated with malathion analogues, present at concentrations ranging from c.2 to over 100 % mass/mass of the malathion found. These analogues of malathion appear to have resulted from the transesterification of malathion with alcohols used as formulating agents. One formulation (a dustable powder) was found to contain no malathion above the detection limit. Many of the formulations failed tests of their physical properties.     

联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效

用Potter喷雾法测定了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力, 并通过田间药效试验评价了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明, 联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的LC50 为95.37 mg/L、对照药剂哒螨灵的LC50 为228.09 mg/L, 联苯肼酯的毒力为哒螨灵的2.39倍。2011-2012年田间药效试验表明, 药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂165、195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为50%~60%, 明显低于15%哒螨灵乳油75 mg/kg处理的防效; 药后3 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂239 mg/kg处理的防效达到75%以上, 与15%哒螨灵乳油的防效相当; 药后15 d, 195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为88.63%~91.23%, 显著高于15%哒螨灵乳油的防效。本试验表明, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对柑橘全爪螨的速效性较差, 但持效期长, 药效可持续15 d, 是防治柑橘全爪螨的较好药剂之一。     

Control of Sugarcane Pyrilla and Whitefly by Aerial Application of Emulsifiable Concentrates at Ultra-Low-Volume

Abstract

Large scale field trials were undertaken with emulsifiable concentrates of different organophosphorus insecticides to control Pyrilla and whitefly, two serious pests of the sugarcane crop in the Peshawar Division of West Pakistan. All emulsifiable concentrates excepting Dimecron were applied in concentrate form without diluting with water. Of the seven insecticides tested against Pyrilla adults and nymphs, Dimecron, Lebaycid, Nexion (Bromophos) and Malathion gave superior control. In the case of whitefly, Dimecron, Lebaycid and Malathion gave almost equal mortality of adults and 3rd instar nymphs when applied at 8, 8 and 17 oz a.i./ac respectively, but much higher dosages would be required to get satisfactory control of the 4th instar nymphs. The cost of operations for the ultra-low-volume technique (excluding cost of insecticide) was 66% less than for the conventional method.