转基因玉米Mir162品系的实时PCR及可视芯片检测方法研究

本研究以转基因玉米品系Mir162的性状基因vip3a为靶标,建立了实时荧光PCR和可视芯片检测方法。结果表明两种方法都能特异性检测玉米Mir162品系,其中实时荧光PCR检测的相对灵敏度可达0.001%,可视芯片检测灵敏度达0.01%。本研究建立的方法可用于进境转基因玉米中Mir162品系的检测。     

二重荧光定量PCR检测转基因大豆DAS81419

本文针对大豆内源基因Lectin和转基因大豆DAS81419品系的5′端插入位点序列,设计特异性引物及探针,建立了同时检测转基因大豆DAS81419品系和大豆内源基因Lectin的二重荧光定量PCR方法,运用15种转基因大豆、3种转基因玉米、1种转基因油菜、1种转基因水稻和非转基因大豆对该方法进行了特异性评价,并分析了该方法的灵敏度和稳定性。结果显示,该方法能准确从20种转基因样品和1种非转基因样品中检出靶目标,检测结果与待检样品信息一致,表明本方法具有良好的特异性;灵敏度高达0.01%;并具有良好的重复性。该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性强,适用于各口岸实验室进行转基因大豆DAS81419的快速、准确的检测。     

用于转基因玉米品系检测的PCR芯片的应用研究

本研究旨在建立一种能够对多种转基因玉米进行同时检测的PCR芯片,用于玉米及其制品中的转基因成分的检测。在实验中选择了6种转基因玉米品系(BT10、BT11、BT176、GA21、MON863、MON89034)和1种非转基因玉米作为实验材料,对PCR芯片的特异性和灵敏度进行了测试。结果表明,该研究成功构建了能够同时对6种转基因玉米品系进行检测的PCR芯片,且芯片具有较高的特异性,检测灵敏度可达0.1%。该PCR芯片检测结果可靠,可用于玉米及其制品转基因成分的检测。     

应用双重数字PCR对转基因玉米成分进行定量方法研究

基于微滴式数字PCR平台,研究建立了一种在同一个微滴反应体系中同时测定样品中两种靶序列的双重微滴式数字PCR定量方法。结果表明,所建立的T25品系双重PCR方法能特异性检出转基因玉米T25,而其他转基因玉米、油菜、水稻等作物品系均没有扩增。灵敏度实验数据表明,所建立的T25双重数字PCR方法,在相对标准偏差≤25%时可以检测到4.6个T25特异性边界序列分子,在不考虑各重复间相对标准偏差的情况下可以检测到1个拷贝。定量结果准确性比较研究显示,与采用分别定量内源基因和T25边界序列来定量转基因成分结果相比较,所建立的T25双重数字PCR定量结果因消除了取样误差结果更准确,以上研究结果表明双重微滴式数字PCR定量方法比单重微滴式数字PCR定量方法更适用于进出境农产品转基因成分的定量检测。     

应用hiTAIL-PCR扩增转基因木瓜的侧翼序列

品系特异性检测是实施转基因产品标识管理的技术保障,而获取转基因品系的侧翼序列是建立品系特异性检测方法的前提。本研究应用hi TAIL-PCR扩增两个抗病毒转基因木瓜品系的RB区侧翼序列。结果表明,海南木瓜样品为转基因木瓜品系18-2-4,送检木瓜样品为转基因木瓜品系16-0-1。与传统TAIL-PCR方法相比,hi TAIL-PCR扩增的非目标片段和小片段少,获得目标片段的成功率高,是快速扩增已知序列邻近的侧翼序列的好方法。     

多重PCR-DHPLC法检测转基因棉花品系

根据3种转基因棉花品系的边界序列设计品系检测引物,建立了一种特异性检测转基因棉花品系MON531、MON1445和MON15985的多重PCR-DHPLC方法。以20种不同的转基因及非转基因作物DNA验证该方法的特异性,结果只有MON531、MON15985和MON1445有特异的品系扩增片段峰,而其他转基因和非转基因作物无品系扩增片段峰,表明该方法特异性强。灵敏度实验结果表明3种转基因棉花的检测下限均为1 ng,灵敏度高。建立的方法可用于转基因棉花MON531、MON1445和MON15985品系及含有其成分产品的筛查或定性检测。     

抗病毒转基因木瓜的分子检测

本研究测定了抗病毒转基因木瓜品系55-1、GM YK和华农1号的结构特征序列,并根据测序结果设计、合成了结构特异性检测引物,建立了55-1、GM YK和华农1号的结构特异性检测方法.为提高检测效率,将结构特异性检测引物和内源基因检测引物置于同一反应体系之中,建立了转基因木瓜品系的两重PCR检测方法.本研究建立的PCR检测体系可用于进口木瓜的检测,从中发现未经我国批准的转基因木瓜品系,为转基因产品的标识管理提供技术支持.     

转基因康乃馨两种类黄酮-3',5'-羟化酶基因检测方法的建立

康乃馨（Dianthus caryophyllus L.）是全球贸易量最大的鲜切花之一。转基因康乃馨因颜色新奇、花型丰富、插瓶期长等特点深受消费者喜爱。现有19个转基因康乃馨品系列入全球商业化种植，其中18个品系因转入了类黄酮-3’,5’-羟化酶（flavonoid-3’,5’-hydroxylase,F3’5’H）基因而产生了蓝紫色花瓣的性状。18个品系转入的F3’5’H基因中11个来源于大花三色堇（bp40基因），还有7个来源于矮牵牛（hf1基因）。我国目前没有批准转基因康乃馨进口，更缺乏相关检测方法。建立转基因康乃馨外源基因筛查方法，用以防范转基因康乃馨种苗、鲜切花等非法进入我国显得至关重要。本研究针对转基因康乃馨中最常见的两种不同来源F3’5’H基因，建立了普通PCR和实时荧光PCR检测方法，构建了适于两个基因检测的质粒分子，并将这两种方法应用于进境产品检测。结果表明，建立的bp40基因和hf1基因检测方法均具有特异性，普通PCR方法的检测下限（LOD）可分别达到25拷贝和12.5拷贝，实时荧光PCR方法的LOD均为10拷贝，在进境康乃馨种苗等样品中未检出该基因。综上，本研究建...     

用于MLPA技术的单链长探针制备方法研究

依据多重连接依赖探针扩增技术(MLPA)的单链探针设计要求,将检测各基因位点的MPLA探针对的上游探针设计为短探针,采用化学法加以合成;将下游探针作为长探针,以不对称PCR方法制备。本文应用该技术制备了检测12个转基因玉米品系的MLPA下游探针;并用其中的2个长探针进行转基因玉米品系检测,结果表明制备探针完全符合转基因检测要求。该技术操作简单,成本低,应用价值高。     

转基因延熟番茄"华番一号"的品系特异性检测方法

本文使用反向PCR方法克隆了转基因延熟番茄"华番一号"(Bioscein)的外源基因和番茄基因组之间的一段边界序列,并依据此段序列设计了具有品系特异性的引物和荧光探针,以实时荧光PCR技术建立了华番一号的品系鉴定检测方法,扩增片段长108bp,横跨在Nos启动子和番茄基因组之间.以转基因大豆(RR)、转基因玉米(Mon810)、转基因抗草甘膦油菜、转基因棉花(保龄棉)、非转基因番茄、马铃薯、茄子、大椒、大米、小麦、烟草等为试材,证明本方法同其它转基因作物及其它蔬菜无非特异性反应.本方法在检测华番一号番茄时,相对检测灵敏度可达到0.1%,绝对灵敏度达到20个拷贝.由于本方法的PCR扩增产物长度只有108bp,因此该方法也可以用于检测加工产品中的转基因成分,或作为常规PCR定性检测后的确证实验方法.     

甘薯褪绿矮化病毒西非株系实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

 依据GenBank中登录的甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus,SPCSV)西非株系(WA)的核苷酸序列,分别设计两对特异性引物和一条TaqMan探针。以SPCSV-WA外壳蛋白(cp)基因的重组质粒为阳性标准质粒绘制标准曲线,通过优化反应体系和反应条件,建立了SPCSV-WA的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法只能检测到目的病毒,标准曲线的斜率和相关系数分别为-3.239和1,扩增效率为103.568%。最低可检测到约3.31 copies/μL的阳性质粒,灵敏度比常规PCR高1 000倍。本研究建立的SPCSV实时荧光定量PCR方法可用于田间样品的检测,为SPCSV的早期预警和流行学研究提供了技术手段。     

TaqMan探针双重实时荧光定量PCR法同步检测兰花中的建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒

为建立一种同步定量检测建兰花叶病毒(cymbidium mosaic virus,CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV)的高效检测方法,本研究根据CymMV和ORSV CP基因高度保守区分别设计引物和探针并筛选,获得156 bp和148 bp的靶标序列及对应的最优特异性引物探针组合,建立了基于TaqMan探针的双重实时荧光定量PCR方法。该方法最低检出限为1拷贝或6.2×10-3fg,最低稳定检出限为10拷贝或6.2×10-2 fg,是RT-PCR的10~100倍;构建的标准曲线线性关系良好,扩增效率分别为97.7%和100.2%,相关系数R2分别为1.000和0.999;对其他5种常见病毒均无扩增曲线,检测特异性强;批组内与批组间重复性试验Ct值变异系数≤0.60%,重复性和稳定性好。利用该方法和基因芯片法分别对4个种属的66个兰花样品进行方法验证,该方法相较于基因芯片法检出率提高了53.85%(CymMV)和162.5%(ORSV)。综上所述,本方法可同时高通量检测CymMV和ORSV 2种病毒靶基因,结果可靠,应用前景广阔,可为开展病毒精准鉴定、科学防控以及从源头遏制病毒传播提供技术支撑。     

Impact of rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems on soil carbon stock under different climate scenarios in the semi-arid region of Brazil

Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is of fundamental importance in land use and management, whether in the current researches or in future scenarios of agriculture systems considering climate change. In order to evaluate SOC stock of the three districts (Delmiro Gouveia, Pariconha, and Inhapi districts) in the semi-arid region of Brazil in rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems under different climate scenarios using the Century model, we obtained RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios derived from the Eta Regional Climate Model (Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5) from the National Institute for Space Research, and then input the data of bulk density, pH, soil texture, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall into the soil and climate files of the Century model. The results of this study showed that the Eta-HadGEM2-ES model was effective in estimating air temperature in the future period. In rainfed agriculture system, SOC stock under the baseline scenario was lower than that under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, while in irrigated agriculture system, SOC stock in the almost all climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and models (Eta-HadGEM2-ES and Eta-MIROC5) will increase by 2100. The results of this study will help producers in the semi-arid region of Brazil adopt specific agriculture systems aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.     

The effects of natural and manipulated density regimes on Alliaria petiolata survival, growth and reproduction

Knowledge of the ecology of Alliaria petiolata, an alien invasive species in the USA, is essential to predict the efficacy of introduced biological control agents. Accordingly, we examined the growth and reproduction of second‐year A. petiolata rosettes under natural and manipulated density regimes. Plant survival was also studied under natural conditions. Similar survivorship patterns were observed for high‐ and low‐density populations, although survival in the low‐density populations was c. 10% higher. Under natural conditions, low‐density plants were larger and more fecund, on average, than high‐density plants; however, on a per‐area basis, high‐density populations were much more productive. When plant density was experimentally reduced, average seed production and plant size increased with thinning intensity, suggesting that thinning released plants from intra‐specific competition. Additionally, plants in thinned plots were able to recover from past competition and could approach production of the plants in un‐thinned lower density plots that had not experienced prior competition. However, seed production per unit area was lower in thinned versus un‐thinned plots of the same initial density. Results suggest herbivore‐induced plant mortality late in the life cycle, as might occur following the introduction of biological control agents, may reduce the contribution to the A. petiolata seedbank.     

Modeling the Risk of Entry, Establishment, Spread, Containment, and Economic Impact of Tilletia indica, the Cause of Karnal Bunt of Wheat, Using an Australian Context

ABSTRACT Modeling techniques were developed to quantify the probability of Tilletia indica entering and establishing in Western Australia (WA), and to simulate spread, containment, and the economic impact of the pathogen. Entry of T. indica is most likely to occur through imports of bulk grain or fertilizer (0.023 +/- 0.017 entries per year and approximately 0.009 +/- 0.009 establishments per year). Entry may also occur through straw goods, new or second-hand agricultural machinery, and on personal effects of travelers who have visited regions with infected plants. The combined probability of entry and establishment of T. indica, for all pathways of entry, is about one entry every 25 years and one establishment every 67 years. Alternatively, sensitivity analysis does show that increases in quarantine funding can reduce the probability of entry to about one entry every 50 years and less than one establishment every 100 years. T. indica is spread efficiently through contaminated farm machinery, seed and soil, rain, air currents, and animals. Depending on the rate of spread of the pathogen and the amount of resources allocated for detection, the time until first detection could range from 4 to 11 years and the economic impact could range from 8 to 24% of the total value of wheat production in WA.     

亚麻品系9801-1抗白粉病基因的RAPD标记

 F2 populations were obtained from the cross between 9801-1 and DIANE.Bulked segregate and RAPD analyses were employed to identify molecules linked to the resistance to powdery mildew.OPP02 amplified about 792 bp polymorphic band in all individuals from 9801-1 and resistant bulk,but absent in all individuals from DIANE and susceptible bulk.By further analysis in F2 segregating population,the polymorphic band was found to be cosegregated with the resistant gene possibly.The fragment was sequenced,     

烟粉虱中甘薯双生病毒(sweepoviruses)半巢式PCR快速检测技术的建立与应用

甘薯双生病毒(sweepoviruses)是侵染甘薯的一类重要病毒,通过烟粉虱以持久方式传播,我国甘薯上至少存在8种甘薯双生病毒.本研究根据我国已报道的8种甘薯双生病毒基因组保守区设计了一组引物,建立了单头烟粉虱中甘薯双生病毒的半巢式PCR快速检测方法.特异性和灵敏性分析结果表明,半巢式PCR具有较高的特异性和灵敏性,...     

Peroxidase activity in rice leaves infected withHelminthosporium oryzae in relation to lesion maturation

Two-week-old seedlings of two rice varieties, resistant CH13 and susceptible Benibhog, were inoculated with a conidial suspension ofHelminthosporium oryzae. The resistant host exhibited greater peroxidase activity than the susceptible one when infected with the pathogen. Enzyme activities were measured 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after infection. Peroxidase activity in diseased leaves bearing young lesions,i.e., 24 h after inoculation, was not appreciably different from that in non-infected leaves. At the intermediate and mature stages of lesion development,ri.e., 72 and 120 h after inoculation, a marked increase in peroxidase activity was observed. The pattern of increased enzyme activity was similar in both varieties but the whole event proceeded faster in the resistant variety. No marked change in peroxidase activity in healthy leaves of both the varieties was noticed with increase of seedling age.     

不同探针大小、标记物及反应底物对马铃薯类病毒杂交检测的影响

 灵敏可靠地检测马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)对脱毒种薯的生产具有重要意义。本研究探索了影响核酸杂交检测技术的关键因素。通过基因克隆技术构建了插有PSTVd全长单体、双体及片段的载体。分别以地高辛和同位素为标记物,利用PCR和转录标记技术制备cDNA和RNA探针。比较探针大小、标记物、标记方法、反应底物等对检测灵敏度的影响。结果显示,以地高辛为标记物,利用PCR标记制备的PSTVd双体cDNA探针,在以CDP-Star为底物,通过在柯达X-OMAT BT胶片进行化学发光反应来分析结果的检测灵敏度最高,可以检测到0.05 pg总RNA中的PSTVd,是国外报道检测灵敏度的500倍。利用核酸斑点杂交技术检测PSTVd具有灵敏度高,一次可检测样品数量多等特点,对于大规模PSTVd检测更加方便可行。