多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究

在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能，在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下，研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明，胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短，不取食烟粉虱，其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱，捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型；胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌），对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）；雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明，胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强，是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

Gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (Clupeiformes: Salmonidae) in Czechoslovakia.

Gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n (Gyrodactylidae: Monogenea) is described from the fins, skin and gill filaments of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (Clupeiformes: Salmonidae) from a trout farm in Czechoslovakia. G. bohemicus sp. n. is most closely related to G. thymalli Zitnan, 1960 and G. magnus Konovalov, 1967 in the shape of the anchors, the ventral and the dorsal bar, but can be distinguished from both these species by the shape of the marginal hook proper.     

New Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids of Dasineura saliciperda (Dufour) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Bulgaria

Abstract The parasitoid complex of Dasineura saliciperda (Dufour) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Salix fragilis L. was studied in 1997 and 2002 in two localities in Bulgaria. As a result, 5 species from 3 families of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) were reared from pest galls: Eurytoma afra Boheman, Eurytoma salicis Walker (Eurytomidae), Torymus microcerus (Walker) (Torymidae), Gastrancistrus sp. and Mesopolobus sp. (Pteromalidae). E. afra and T. microcerus are new species for the fauna of Bulgaria, and E. salicis – a new parasitoid of the host. Total parasitism of D. saliciperda in the studied years ranged between 44.1 and 53.5 %. E. afra was the most important, destroying 21.9-53.5 % of the pest.     

The occurrence of thrips (Thysanoptera) on food legumes (Fabaceae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The occurrence, quantity and population fluctuations in thrips (Thysanoptera) on various food legume crops (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) in southern Poland...     

Life tables of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different cultivated plants

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a cosmopolitan species that feeds on numerous cultivated plants and herbaceaus plants. Agrotis ipsilon causes significant economic losses in various agricultural products, especially in indisturial plants and vegetables in Turkey and worldwide. In this study, the effects on the biology and reproductive potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae), maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Alef.,Amaranthaceae) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L., Solanaceae) which are essential host plants of A. ipsilon were investigated under climatized conditions of 28?±?1 °C, 60%?±?10 r.h., and 16 h daily artificial light. The data obtained were analyzed by using an age-stage two-sex life table. Agrotis ipsilon had five larval stages fed on lettuce, whereas seven larval stages were fed on other host plants. Agrotis ipsilon showed the best development and reproduction on lettuce, followed by sugar beet. When A. ipsilon is reared on lettuce the intrinsic rate of increase (r?=?0.1237 d^?1), finite rate of increase (λ?=?1.1317 d^?1) and net reproductive rate (R₀?=?403.06 offspring/individual) were found higher and the mean generation times (T?=?48.51 d) is shorter than those in other host plants. According to these results, A. ipsilon can cause the most damage to lettuce among studied plants.

     

Insecticidal activity of the pyrimidine nucleoside analogue (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU)

The insecticidal activity of the antiherpetic agent (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) was assessed in in vivo assays against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). BVDU, mixed into an artificial diet, caused a variety of effects, depending on the concentration used. Compared with controls, food intake was lower, larval growth was retarded and larval development was prolonged. The treated larvae formed smaller pupae and the hatching moths often showed morphogenetic defects. A higher mortality could be found in larval and pupal stages and was generally caused by moult disruption. A choice assay showed that BVDU has very slight feeding-deterrent properties, which only partly explain the toxic effects. The agent most probably acts through its cytostatic activity that has been described previously using cell lines of different insect species.     

The life cycle of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) minutus (Nematoda: Cucullanidae)

Mature specimens of the nematode Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) (Ascaridida, Cucullanidae, Seuratoidea) were obtained from the intestine of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) caught in the Oresund, Denmark. Plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. and common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Kr?yer) also harbour this species. The eggs embryonate on the seabottom. Larvae about 440 microm long, and believed to be in their third stage, hatch from the eggs. These larvae are not directly infective to flounders or gobies. The polychaete Nereis diversicolor O.F. Muller acts as obligatory intermediate host. Experimental infections showed that larvae >600 microm long and provided with achitinous tooth survived in flounder and common goby. The third-stage larvae moult to fourth-stage larvae in the fish gut wall. Mature worms occur in the lumen of the anterior part of the intestine. All developmental stages may be transferred from one flounder to another; thus the flounder may acquire the parasite also by devouring infected gobies.     

不同龄期的益蝽对粘虫的捕食功能反应

益蝽Picromerus lewisi Scott是一种重要的捕食性昆虫,为探究其控害潜能,在实验室条件下研究不同龄期的益蝽对粘虫的捕食能力。选择饥饿24 h的3、4、5龄益蝽若虫和成虫对不同密度的3龄粘虫进行捕食量测定试验,试验结果为3、4、5龄益蝽若虫和成虫的日平均捕食量分别为3.33、4.23、8.00和6.50头,每个龄期的捕食功能反应都符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,其攻击率分别为1.036、0.742、1.445和1.422,处理猎物的时间分别为0.313、0.158、0.112和0.135 d;试验中发现益蝽偏食活猎物。结果表明利用益蝽进行生物防治时,选择5龄若虫,控害效果最好。     

麦蒲螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂初报

本文对麦蒲螨Pyemotes tritici(Lagreze-Fossat et Montagne)侵染印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)和麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor(Say,1836)的症状进行了扼要的记述,同时介绍了该螨的主要寄主及分布情况。这是该螨寄生麦蛾柔茧蜂的首次报道。     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

诱杀球对橘大实蝇诱捕效果的研究

为开发一种新型的橘大实蝇诱捕器,研究了不同颜色、直径的诱杀球和不同颜色的粘虫板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果。结果表明,绿色诱杀球的诱杀数量显著大于黄色和黄绿色诱杀球(P0.05);诱杀球上橘大实蝇的诱集数量,随诱杀球直径的增大而显著增加,但在直径7cm以上时,诱杀球的诱集数量增速变缓,其中以直径7cm的绿色诱杀球生产成本和诱集效果最佳;诱杀球能显著提高黄板对橘大实蝇的诱集效果(P0.05)。     

迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应

室内试验表明 ,迷宫漏斗蛛雌、雄蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的捕食功能反应均为HollingⅡ型反应 ,迷宫漏斗蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉的控制能力雌蛛大于雄蛛。捕食量上限雌蛛为295.3头,雄蛛为120.7头 ,说明这种蜘蛛对假眼小绿叶蝉有很大控制潜力     

Distribution and tephritid hosts (Diptera) of braconid parasitoids (hymenoptera) in Brazil

Tephritid parasitoids reared from 26 different host fruit species showed remarkably little diversity across 21 Brazilian counties. The majority of the parasitoids (81.4%) belonged to the braconid subfamily Opiinae, with Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) the most commonly encountered species. Four other opiines, namely D. brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Optus sp. and Utetes (Bracanastrepha) anastrephae (Viereck) were also reared, but in much smaller numbers. Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), an alysiine braconid parasitoid of tephritids, accounted for an additional 18–6% of the individuals reared from tephritids. The hosts and distribution patterns of the braconid parasitoids of Brazilian fruit‐infesting Tephritidae are summarized.     

Plant-growth-regulating N-(phosphonoacetyl)amines

A series of N-(phosphonacetyl)amine derivatives were synthesized and screened for plant-growth regulating activity on Lepidium sativum L. and Cucumis sativus L. Aromatic N-(phosphonoacetyl)amines. which may be considered as possible analogues of N-acylaniline herbicides obtained by replacement of their acyl group by the phosphonacetyl moiety, exhibited significant or moderate herbicidal activity. In contrast, N-(phosphonoacetyl)amino acids and N-(phosphonoacetyl)aminophosphonic acids promoted the growth of L. sativum and C. sativus roots.     

1(R)-(2,6-cis-dimethylmorpholino)- 3(S)-(p-tert-butylphenyl)cyclopentane: A representative of a novel,potent class of bio-rationally designed fungicides

Inhibition of the Δ⁸-Δ⁷ sterol isomerase in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway is known to lead to fungistatic or even fungicidal effects. Our approach to the rational design of new putative inhibitors of the enzyme was based on the assumed mechanism of the enzymic transformation and in particular on the structure of the unstable carbocationic intermediate, i.e. the ‘transition-state-analogue’ principle. The synthesis and the biological properties of 1(R)-(2,6-cis- dimethylmorpholino)-3(S)-(p-tert-butylphenyl)cyclopentane, a representative of a novel, potent class of rationally designed fungicides, as well as the synthesis and biological activities of several other related compounds are described and discussed.     

Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) et son parasitoïde Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) au Maroc

Leaf galls causing severe damage were observed on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in the Gharb‐Maâmora region in 2002 due to Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reported for the first time in Morocco. Since then, this pest has spread to other eucalyptus stands nationwide. During field investigations, the authors noted that the degree of infestation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis differs from one region to another and were classified on a three‐level scale: low, moderate or high. The study of the life cycle of the insect in the field and in the laboratory revealed the presence of two generations per year. This work has shown that Closterocerus chamaeleon (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid used successfully in other EPPO countries as a biological control agent, is present in Morocco. The rate of parasitism was very high, which consequently resulted in the lack of damage caused by the gall pest on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Morocco.