高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定13种甲氧基丙烯酸酯和三唑类杀菌剂在杧果中的残留及膳食摄入风险评估

为掌握我国杧果中甲氧基丙烯酸酯和三唑类杀菌剂残留的风险水平，建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑等13种杀菌剂的分析方法，并运用点评估法对儿童和成人的长期及短期膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果表明:13种杀菌剂在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，决定系数R2≥0.9994，定量限 (LOQ) 为5 μg/kg；在5种不同添加水平下，平均回收率为76%~122%，相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~14%。残留检测结果显示:我国杧果主产区和消费城市1056份全果样品中检出率较高的杀菌剂有吡唑醚菌酯 (22.6%)、嘧菌酯 (18.5%) 和苯醚甲环唑 (15.5%)。运用杀菌剂50th和97.5th百分位点的残留值分别计算对长期摄入风险的贡献率和短期膳食摄入风险。结果表明:杧果中吡唑醚菌酯等13种杀菌剂对成人和儿童的长期摄入风险的贡献率分别为0.01%~0.5%和0.01%~0.3%，9种有急性参考剂量的杀菌剂残留在成人和儿童中短期暴露风险商分别为0.01%~7.2%和0.02%~28.9%，通过杧果摄入13种杀菌剂对人体产生的长期和短期膳食摄入风险较小。根据上述杀菌剂在我国杧果上的登记情况、GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》以及膳食评估结果，建议加强对醚菌酯、丙环唑、腈菌唑、氟硅唑、腈苯唑、氟环唑和三唑醇7种杧果上未登记农药的监管，修订吡唑醚菌酯及制定肟菌酯等杀菌剂在杧果中最大残留限量(MRL)。     

9种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌和轮纹病菌的毒力比较

在室内比较测定了己唑醇等9种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌毒力。结果表明:苹果斑点落叶病菌对三唑类杀菌剂己唑醇、戊唑醇、腈菌唑、氟硅唑和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性依次下降,EC50值均在1μg/mL以下,EC90值均低于10μg/mL;上述药剂与异菌脲的毒力相当,高于多氧霉素。苹果轮纹病菌对供试5种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性略低于斑点落叶病菌,其中仍以己唑醇毒力最高,其次是戊唑醇、氟硅唑、腈菌唑、苯醚甲环唑,异菌脲与苯醚甲环唑的毒力水平相当,表明上述药剂对轮纹病有兼治作用,而多氧霉素对该病菌的毒力相对较低。2种病菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类的醚菌酯敏感性均较低,而硫酸铜的抑菌毒力最低。     

含两个手性中心的三唑类杀菌剂色谱分离研究进展

三唑类杀菌剂是目前世界上广泛应用的杀菌剂,而绝大多数三唑类杀菌剂属于手性农药,具有1个或2个手性中心,存在2个或4个对映异构体。本文在近年有关三唑类杀菌剂研究成果的基础上,综述了采用高效液相色谱、超临界流体色谱、毛细管电泳、气相色谱和合相色谱法等方法对含两个手性中心的11种三唑类杀菌剂 (氟环唑、多效唑、三唑醇、联苯三唑醇、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑、叶菌唑、苄氯三唑醇、环唑醇、糠菌唑和乙环唑) 进行分离测定的研究进展,可为多个手性中心三唑类化合物的分离、分析和深入研究提供参考。     

不同生育阶段黄瓜菌核病菌对几种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了6种三唑类杀菌剂和4种其他杀菌剂抑制黄瓜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary菌丝生长的毒力,同时测定了其对菌核形成及萌发的抑制作用。结果表明,甲基硫菌灵抑制菌丝生长的毒力最低,EC50值为65.75 μg/mL;己唑醇和戊唑醇的抑制活性较高, EC50值分别为0.09和0.16 μg/mL,毒力分别是甲基硫菌灵的763.7和423.4倍;其次是丙环唑、氟硅唑、腈菌唑,毒力是甲基硫菌灵的137.3~286.6倍;再次为三唑酮,毒力仅为甲 基硫菌灵的20.6倍;腐霉利、菌毒清抑制菌丝生长的毒力较低,EC50值均大于10 μg/mL。在EC50值 浓度下,所有供试药剂对菌核形成及其数量均没有影响,但三唑类杀菌剂对菌核单重影响较大,各处理所形成的菌核单重降低率均在70%以上;而当药剂浓度在10 μg/mL以下时,己唑醇等三唑类杀菌剂对菌核萌发均没有影响。     

三唑类杀菌剂在蔬菜中的残留分布及对不同人群的累积性膳食摄入风险

为探明蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂可能存在的累积性膳食摄入风险，本研究基于蔬菜样品检测获得的三唑类杀菌剂残留数据，分析了来自江苏省、浙江省、上海市、安徽省及福建省 5 个地区的 1612 批次蔬菜样本中 8 种三唑类杀菌剂的残留分布，并采用相对效能因子法以及概率评估方法的蒙特卡罗 (Monte Carlo) 模拟技术和 Bootstrap 抽样技术，对目标人群通过蔬菜摄入三唑类杀菌剂的累积急性及慢性暴露风险进行了评估。结果显示:检出较多的农药及产品组合为芹菜和西红柿中的苯醚甲环唑，检出率分别达到 23.1% 和 20.4%，其他检出率较高的农药还有三唑酮、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、烯唑醇、丙环唑、抑霉唑及腈菌唑。各类蔬菜中，黄瓜中三唑类杀菌剂残留对不同人群累积暴露量的贡献率最大，为 50%~70%。在第 97.5 百分位点处，蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂对各年龄段人群的累积慢性暴露量均低于慢性参考剂量 (ADI)，其中 0~35 个月婴幼儿的累积慢性膳食摄入风险商 (%ADI) 值最高，平均为 34.6%，但仍低于100%；在第 99.9 百分位点处，蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂对各年龄段人群的累积急性暴露量均低于急性参考剂量 (ARfD)，0~35 个月婴幼儿的累积急性膳食摄入风险商 (%ARfD) 值最高，平均为 51.7%，但也低于100%。研究表明，江苏、浙江、上海、安徽及福建 5 个地区蔬菜中三唑类杀菌剂残留的累积急性及慢性膳食摄入风险皆在可接受范围内。     

嘧菌酯等杀菌剂及其混配制剂对赤眼蜂的安全性评价

为明确嘧菌酯等杀菌剂及其混配制剂对赤眼蜂的毒性,评价含嘧菌酯混配制剂的风险性,本文采用管测药膜法测定了嘧菌酯等杀菌剂及其混配制剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae的毒性,并进行安全性评价。结果表明:在杀菌剂单剂中,以嘧菌酯和百菌清对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性最高,LR50分别为1.31×10-4和9.59×10-4a.i.mg/cm2,为高风险药剂;丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑和己唑醇对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性较低,LR50分别是2.34×10-3、4.83×10-3和2.60×10-3a.i.mg/cm2,为中等风险性药剂;戊唑醇和烯酰吗啉的毒性最低,为低风险性药剂。在混配制剂中,只有嘧菌酯·百菌清对玉米螟赤眼蜂不安全,LR50是1.85×10-3a.i.mg/cm2,为高风险性药剂;嘧菌酯·己唑醇、嘧菌酯·烯酰吗啉和嘧菌酯·苯醚甲环唑对玉米螟赤眼蜂的毒性较低,LR50分别是8.96×10-4、3.17×10-3和1.65×10-2a.i.mg/cm2。嘧菌酯·丙环唑和嘧菌酯·戊唑醇对玉米螟赤眼蜂安全。两种杀菌剂混用对赤眼蜂生态风险性取决于单剂本身的毒性大小和在混剂中所占比例,嘧菌酯和高风险药剂混用,其混剂的风险性高;嘧菌酯和低风险药剂混用,其混剂的风险性会低于嘧菌酯。因此,在大田释放赤眼蜂防治玉米螟等害虫时,应避免高风险杀菌剂的使用,以避免对赤眼蜂的伤害。     

山东省草莓枯萎病菌对四种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性检测

为了明确山东省草莓枯萎病菌对三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性现状,从有代表性的草莓种植区采集、分离了12个草莓枯萎病菌菌株,采用菌落直径法测定其对四种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性.结果显示,戊唑醇、烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑和腈菌唑对12个菌株的EC50值分别在0.1107～1.1670、0.1446～2.2586、0.1307～9.0317和1.1969～60.9270μg·mL-1之间.其中菌株LY002对苯醚甲环唑和腈菌唑的敏感性较低;ZY002对苯醚甲环唑最敏感,其毒力倍数是LY002的69.10倍;TA005对腈菌唑最敏感,其毒力倍数是LY002的50.90倍;TA002对烯唑醇和TZ004对戊唑醇的敏感性均较低,而LY001对这两种药剂最敏感.结果表明,不同菌株之间对三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性差异较大.     

六种三唑类杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病菌的毒力及其安全性和田间防效评价

为筛选出有效防治番茄叶霉病的药剂,采用生长速率法及平板涂布法测定6种三唑类杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长的毒力,评价其对番茄植株的安全性和对叶霉病的田间防效。结果表明,己唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇和氟硅唑对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长的毒力均较高,EC_(50)分别为0.50、0.55、0.80、2.42 mg/L,其次为腈菌唑和四氟醚唑,EC50分别为6.92、15.08 mg/L。6种杀菌剂抑制病菌分生孢子萌发及芽管伸长的作用均较弱,对芽管伸长的抑制活性高于对孢子萌发的抑制活性;戊唑醇和四氟醚唑抑制孢子萌发的作用相对较强,100 mg/L处理的抑制率为60%~70%,戊唑醇、四氟醚唑和己唑醇抑制芽管伸长的作用相对较强,100 mg/L处理的抑制率均在70%以上。己唑醇和戊唑醇200 mg/L处理番茄植株,显著抑制其株高,苯醚甲环唑和腈菌唑对其影响相对较小,这4种杀菌剂对番茄植株的叶色及形态均无明显影响;且这4种杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病的田间预防效果均高于治疗效果,其中150 mg/L己唑醇的预防效果和治疗效果均最高,分别为90.67%和85.58%;苯醚甲环唑的最低,300 mg/L时预防效果为80.16%,治疗效果为71.68%。     

六种手性三唑类杀菌剂对映体的超临界流体色谱法分离

采用超临界流体色谱,以超临界二氧化碳(CO2)作为流动相,研究了6种手性三唑类杀菌剂(苄氯三唑醇、联苯三唑醇、叶菌唑、乙环唑、糠菌唑和醚唑)在Chiralcel OD-H手性色谱柱上的对映体分离。考察了不同改性剂种类(甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇)、体积分数(0~15%)以及系统背压(13~17 MPa)对分离效果的影响,并与其在Sino-Chiral OJ和Chiralpak IB手性色谱柱上的分离效果进行了比较。结果表明:单独以超临界CO2为流动相时,6种三唑类杀菌剂的保留时间均大于60 min,而添加了醇类改性剂后其在40 min内均得到了洗脱。苄氯三唑醇、联苯三唑醇、叶菌唑和糠菌唑在柱温为34℃、系统背压为15 MPa、流动相流速为2 m L/min时,在20 min内均实现了基线分离(Rs≥1.5);优化改性剂(体积分数)分别为3%乙醇、13%乙醇、6%甲醇和7%乙醇。Chiralcel OD-H柱对6种供试杀菌剂的手性识别效果优于Sino-Chiral OJ和Chiralpak IB柱,但对映体分离时间要长10~20 min。     

戊菌唑

理化性质：戊菌唑属于三唑类杀菌剂。戊菌唑原药质量分数≥95％；外观为无色结晶粉末；熔点：57．6～60．3℃；蒸气压：0．17mPa（20℃），0．37mPa（25℃）；     

四种杀菌剂对两种赤眼蜂的毒性分析及敏感性比较

采用药膜法分别测定了95%三唑酮、99.5%肟菌酯、96.2%咪鲜胺和95%申嗪霉素4种杀菌剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae和松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura的急性毒性。结果表明,4种供试杀菌剂对玉米螟赤眼蜂的直接接触毒性LC50值分别为0.822 0、48.70、12.94和24.25 mg/L, 对松毛虫赤眼蜂的LC50值分别为10.55、180.3、218.1和240.3 mg/L。 即4种杀菌剂对两种赤眼蜂的风险性存在差异,供试药剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂相对较为安全。由于玉米螟赤眼蜂比松毛虫赤眼蜂对供试杀菌剂更为敏感,因此以玉米螟赤眼蜂作为评价农药对赤眼蜂风险的供试生物更为适宜。     

Repression of deoxynivalenol accumulation and expression of Tri genes in Fusarium culmorum by fungicides in vitro

A defined medium was developed in which to monitor deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation, fungal growth and expression of genes involved in trichothecene biosynthesis (designated Tri genes). In liquid culture, DON accumulated shortly after maximum expression of Tri6 and coincident with expression of Tri5. This was generally 96 h after inoculation. The effects of sublethal concentrations of the fungicides azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and tebuconazole on biosynthesis of the trichothecene DON by Fusarium culmorum were studied using this medium. The strobilurin fungicides trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin significantly reduced the accumulation of DON in culture medium at a range of concentrations. Kresoxim-methyl, also a strobilurin, and tebuconazole, a triazole, did not significantly reduce the accumulation of DON, although levels were lower than those in nonamended cultures. Trifloxystrobin significantly reduced the accumulation of DON when added to cultures before initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis. RT-PCR assays of the expression of Tri6 and Tri5 genes indicated that trifloxystrobin acted by inhibiting the initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis.     

In vitro effects of flutriafol and azoxystrobin on Beauvaria bassiana and its efficacy against Tetranychus urticae

BACKGROUND: Testing the compatibility of chemical pesticides and fungal biocontrol agents is necessary if these two agents are to be applied together in the integrated management of plant pests and diseases. In this study, the fungicides azoxystrobin (a strobilurin) and flutriafol (a triazole) were tested in vitro for their effects on germination of conidia and mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and in bioassay for their effect on fungal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. The fungicides were tested at three different concentrations [recommended rate for field use (1 × X) and the dilutions 10^?1× X and 10^?2× X]. RESULTS: Flutriafol inhibited growth of mycelia and germination of the fungal conidia at all concentrations tested in vitro, and also reduced the efficacy of B. bassiana in bioassays against mites. The inhibitive effect of azoxystrobin in vitro varied with the concentration applied. A significant effect was observed at 1 × X and 10^?1× X concentrations on both the germination of conidia and mycelia growth. At 10^?2× X concentration, azoxystrobin showed little effect on B. bassiana. However, when this fungicide was tested in bioassays, none of the concentrations reduced B. bassiana activity against mites. CONCLUSION: Azoxystrobin was most compatible with B. bassiana, while flutriafol was the most harmful. Further studies are required to confirm the negative effect of flutriafol on B. bassiana activity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的毒力作用特性比较

为筛选防治黄瓜靶斑病的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和芽管伸长法测定了19种杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的毒力,探究了4种毒力较高杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝形态的影响。结果表明:氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和芽管伸长各生长发育阶段均有较强的抑制活性,其中,4种药剂抑制菌丝生长的平均EC₅₀值分别为0.516 3、1.538、1.605和0.648 2 mg/L,抑制孢子萌发的平均EC₅₀值分别为0.164 4、1.359、1.127和0.002 5 mg/L,抑制芽管伸长的平均EC₅₀值分别为0.189 6、0.144 7、0.060 4和0.001 5 mg/L;啶酰菌胺、百菌清和肟菌酯3种不同作用机制杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌孢子萌发和芽管伸长的抑制活性较强,3种药剂抑制孢子萌发的平均EC₅₀值分别为1.564、0.373 0和0.021 3 mg/L,抑制芽管伸长的平均EC₅₀值分别为0.629 5、0.233 4和0.405 0 mg/L,但对菌丝生长的抑制作用较弱,平均EC₅₀大于16 mg/L;氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素可引起黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝不同程度的异常生长,主要表现为菌丝隔膜间距变小、菌丝节间肿大、主菌丝上二次分枝发生频繁、菌丝变形黏连、菌丝新分枝处生长受抑制或分生孢子生长变形。研究表明,氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素对黄瓜靶斑病菌具有较高的毒力,在黄瓜靶斑病的田间防治中具有较好的开发应用潜力。     

The effectiveness of eleven sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides against the take-all fungus,Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici,in relation to their physical properties

Eleven sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides were compared in experiments to determine the physico-chemical properties required for most effective control of take-all by soil treatment. All were active in agar culture against an isolate of the pathogen which causes take-all, Gaeumannomyces grammis var. tritici, with prochloraz being the most toxic (EC₅₀ 0.02 μg ml^?1) and PP 969 the least (EC₅₀ 0.44 μg ml^?1). Penconazole and PP 969 had vapour activity against the fungus in further bioassays on agar. In soil in pots, the most strongly lipophilic compound, buthiobate, was ineffective against take-all in wheat; triadimenol was most effective and, like flutriafol, nuarimol and PP 969, retained some effectiveness after 12 weeks in soil. PP 969, unlike penconazole or nuarimol, was effective in soil treated unevenly by mixing the fungicides in layers. PP 969 is relatively polar, and it is suggested that this property, allowing redistribution in soil water rather than as vapour, outweighed its poor intrinsic toxicity. The ideal soil-treatment fungicide should therefore be polar and also have good intrinsic activity and moderate persistence. None of the compounds tested had all these properties.     

Characterisation of the first <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stemphylium vesicarium</Emphasis> isolates resistant to strobilurins in Italian pear orchards

Up to 2005 the sensitivity of Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simm., the causal agent of pear brown spot, to the strobilurin fungicides kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was still comparable with baseline values associated with good efficacy in the field. During 2006, the first resistant isolates were detected in two commercial pear orchards in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), one of which was affected by considerable control failure linked to strobilurin treatments as demonstrated in a field trial. In vitro sensitivity tests with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ of kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin showed that in the population collected in the orchard with control failure the conidial germination was greater than 90% compared to an untreated control both in 2006 and in 2007, i.e. 1 year after the suspension of strobilurin applications. In the other orchard, where only a few symptomatic fruits were found and the strobilurins were still in use, the conidial germination was lower, about 50% in 2006 and 25% in 2007. The molecular analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of some monospore isolates with different levels of sensitivity confirmed the presence of the mutation causing G143A substitution in all the resistant isolates. In conclusion, both in vitro tests and molecular analysis confirmed the first occurrence of Stemphylium vesicarium resistance to all strobilurin fungicides tested.     

绿僵菌与3种杀虫剂混用对沙葱萤叶甲的协同作用

采用点滴法,于室内测定了阿维菌素、茚虫威和鱼藤酮3种杀虫剂单独使用及与绿僵菌混用对沙葱萤叶甲3龄幼虫的协同致死作用,以期为协调使用化学药剂和生防制剂防治沙葱萤叶甲提供参考。3种杀虫剂单独使用时的毒力测定结果表明,阿维菌素对沙葱萤叶甲3龄幼虫的毒力最强,LD50值为4.80 ng/头,其次是茚虫威和鱼藤酮,LD50值分别为10.47和53.21 ng/头。采用不同浓度的3种杀虫剂分别处理绿僵菌24和48 h后,发现药剂对绿僵菌分生孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用,但抑制率低于20%,且抑制率随着药剂浓度的降低和作用时间的延长而降低,其中茚虫威的平均抑制率最小,分别仅为1.89%±0.57%和0.89%±0.39%。将3种杀虫剂分别与绿僵菌孢子悬液混配使用,对防治沙葱萤叶甲3龄幼虫均具有协同增效作用:其中茚虫威与绿僵菌混用增效作用最强,比单独施用绿僵菌时LT50值缩短了8.12 d;阿维菌素与绿僵菌混用时LT50值缩短了7.60 d;鱼藤酮与绿僵菌混用时LT50值缩短了6.45 d。     

Comparative efficacy of strobilurin fungicides against downy mildew disease of pearl millet

Three commercial formulations of strobilurins, viz., azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin were evaluated for their efficacy against pearl millet downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola. In vitro studies revealed inhibition of S. graminicola sporulation, zoospore release, and zoospore motility at 0.1-2 μg ml⁻¹ of all the three fungicides. The fungicides were evaluated for phytotoxic effects on seed quality parameters and for their effectiveness against downy mildew disease by treating pearl millet by: (1) seed dressing, (2) seed dressing followed by foliar spray, and (3) also by foliar spray alone. The highest non-phytotoxic concentrations of 5, 10, and 10 μg ml⁻¹ for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl, respectively, were selected for further studies. Under greenhouse conditions, these fungicides showed varying degrees of protection against downy mildew disease. Among the three fungicides, azoxystrobin proved to be the best by offering disease protection of 66%. Further, seed treatment along with foliar application of these fungicides to diseased plants showed enhanced protection against the disease to 93, 82, and 62% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin respectively. Foliar spray alone provided significant increase in disease protection levels of 91, 79, and 59% in treatments of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. Disease curative activity of azoxystrobin was higher compared to trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Tested fungicides showed weaker translaminar activity, as the disease inhibition was marginal when applied on adaxial leaf surface. Partial systemic activity of azoxystrobin was evident by root uptake, while trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl showed lack of systemic action in pearl millet. A trend in protection against downy mildew disease similar to greenhouse results was evident in the field trials. Grain yield was significantly increased in all strobilurin fungicide treatments over control and maximum increase in yield of 1673 kg ha⁻¹ was observed in combination treatments of seed treatment and foliar spray with azoxystrobin.     

改进的QuEChERS气相色谱-串联质谱法测定草莓中21种杀菌剂残留

采用改进的QuEChERS气相色谱-串联质谱法建立了检测草莓中21种杀菌剂（螺环菌胺、甲霜灵、四氟醚唑、酞菌酯、嘧菌环胺、戊菌唑、氟吡菌酰胺、氟菌唑、嘧菌胺、E-苯氧菌胺、抑霉唑、腈菌唑、醚菌酯、环氟菌胺、肟菌酯、丙环唑、环酰菌胺、氟环唑、咪唑菌酮、啶酰菌胺、嘧菌酯）残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,采用N-丙基乙二胺（primary secondary amine,PSA）和石墨化碳黑（graphitized carbon blacks,GCB）作为分散固相萃取（dispersive solid phase extraction,DSPE）的吸附材料,净化液经氮气吹干、用V（正己烷）:V（丙酮）=9:1混合溶液定容,采用气相色谱-串联质谱（gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）测定。结果表明:在质量浓度0.005~0.2 mg/kg范围内,21种杀菌剂与对应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系;在0.01、0.05和0.1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,21种杀菌剂的平均回收率均在70%~122%之间,RSD < 20%。该方法适用于草莓中21种杀菌剂残留的快速、高效和准确分析。