列入EU附录1的有效成分使荷兰的产品数增加

荷兰农药登记局(CTB)的人士说，列入EU农药登记法令(91／414)附录1的有效成分使荷兰批准的产品数增加，从而帮助了荷兰农民。由于环境关注和登记变化，产品登记被撤销，近年荷兰批准的农药数迅速减少。     

2002年荷兰农药产品数量下降

2002年在荷兰登记的农用农药制剂产品的数量又有所下降，与2001年相比，下降幅度为5％，全年登记产品为656个，这是连续第八年下降。据荷兰农药登记部门(CTB)统计，2001年荷兰农业用农药制剂产品的数量下降了9％，为692个，用于加工该类农药制剂的有效成分的种类下降了6％，为198种。所有农药制剂产品在2002年下降了5％，为1304个。     

赴荷兰除草剂合作项目考察概述

本文概述了《中荷合作除草剂使用技术研究开发项目》荷兰考察工作的基本情况包括项目工作会议和荷兰农药管理和应用,并就项目和农药管理工作提出一些建议。开展中荷合作除草剂使用技术研究开发项目,借鉴发达国家农药管理经验,开展国际合作等将有利于我国农药登记管理水平的提高。     

浅析农药登记试验工作中常见的问题与对策

农药田间药效登记试验,就是对农药产品特性、应用技术药害及药效进行观察和记载,并作出客观、公正的评价,为登记和推广应用提供科学依据.作者结合近几年来工作经验,就农药登记试验中常见的技术问题,与大家共同交流探讨.     

美国土壤熏蒸剂使用风险管理措施

概述了美国土壤熏蒸剂登记和应用情况,介绍了美国为降低土壤熏蒸剂使用风险所采取的措施。结合我国土壤熏蒸剂登记及使用实际,提出了加强我国农药使用管理、降低使用风险的措施。     

强化服务规范管理适应农药管理新形势--2004年湖北省农药检定管理所工作总结(摘要)

1从农药登记着手,严把农药质量源头关 1.1严把农药初审登记关按照部所统一印制的<农药临时登记初审意见表>,要求药政、生测、分析各部门分别审查填写,对企业初审登记提供的资料分别进行修改和审查,对于部所反馈的企业初审登记资料不合格情况,将信息直接转到初审所属的部门责任人,找出所存在问题,以避免该问题的重复出现.采取此措施后,农药初审登记被返回复审的情况逐年下降,取得了明显的效果,今年共初审农药登记资料61份,其中杀虫剂47份,杀菌剂8份,除草剂6份.     

农药登记药效试验标准化技术体系构建与应用

农药是必不可少的农业生产资料,是防治各种作物病、虫、草、鼠害,提高农产品产量和质量的重要保障.<中华人民共和国农药管理条例>规定我国农药管理实行农药登记制度.农药药效和作物安全性评价是农药药效评价和应用技术研究的重要内容,是农药登记管理和产品科学、客观评价的重要依据之一.我国农药室内和田间生测试验方法建立起步晚且不健全,不能满足农药登记生物学评价、使用安全性管理、农业生产病虫害有效防治的需要.     

荷兰提出加快低风险农药登记计划

正荷兰官员提议了一项欧盟行动计划,旨在加快执行可持续植物保护,更快的批准"低风险"农药登记。这项行动是今年早些时候的欧盟可持续农药使用法令(2009/128)框架下加速害虫综合防治(IPM)策略的延续。荷兰代表团的这项提议将交由10月份召开的欧盟农业部长会议讨论。法令2009/128列举一系列措施,降低农药使     

农药登记热点答疑(一)

编者按:为进一步解决农药企业在申办农药登记过程中遇到的一系列问题,我刊就农药登记中相关热点问题聘请专家进行答疑,使农药企业更好地了解农药登记规定的相关要求,在办理农登记的过程中少走弯路.     

关于实施农药登记规定的几点说明

农牧渔业部、化工部、卫生部、商业部、林业部、城乡建设环保部联合发布的《农药登记规定》一九八二年十月一日起施行。根据我国农药生产和应用的现状,对《农药登记规定实施细则》作如下说明: 1.国内各单位申请农药品种登记、补充登记时,须提供的资料原     

A review of pesticide policies and regulations for urban amenity areas in seven European countries

An analysis of the regulations of herbicide use for weed control in non-agricultural/urban amenity areas, including actual pesticide use, was carried out as a joint survey of seven European countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom. Herbicides constitute the major part of the pesticides used in urban amenity areas. Herbicide use on hard surfaces is the largest in terms of volume and potential contamination of surface and groundwater. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in political interest and public debate on the 'use of pesticides in public urban amenity areas', regulations within each country at national, regional and local levels, possible use of alternative weed control methods and the amounts of pesticides used on urban amenity areas. A comparative analysis revealed major differences in political interest, regulations and availability of statistics on pesticide use. Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany have, or have had, a strong public and political interest for reducing the use of herbicides to control weeds in urban amenity areas and also have very strict regulations. The UK is currently undergoing a period of increasing awareness and strengthening regulation, while Latvia and Finland do not have specific regulations for weed control in urban amenity areas or on hard surfaces. Statistics on pesticide/herbicide use on urban amenity areas were only available in Denmark and the Netherlands. Developing this kind of information base reveals the differences in herbicide use, regulations and policies in European countries and may enhance the transfer of knowledge on sustainable weed control across countries.     

Application of the pesticide transport assessment model to a field study in a humic sandy soil in Vredepeel,The Netherlands

The Pesticide Transport Assessment model (PESTRAS) is a process-oriented model to simulate the fate and movement of water and pesticides in a cropped field soil. The model was evaluated using field data for bromide, ethoprophos and bentazone, collected from a field experiment in a humic sandy soil near Vredepeel, the Netherlands. Model predictions were generally within the 95% confidence intervals of the observations when site-specific model inputs were used. If generic parameter values were used, the model predictions sometimes deviated strongly from the observed data. This was especially true for pesticide degradation properties. The bromide simulations showed that preferential flow was not an important process for this field soil. A significant fraction of the applied ethoprophos disappeared by surface volatilization. The downward movement of this pesticide was slightly overestimated, due to not considering sorption kinetics. The depth-dependence of pesticide transformation was atypical: an important fraction of the applied bentazone was transformed under micro-aerobic to anaerobic conditions in the subsoil. © 1998 SCI     

Side-effects of 107 pesticides on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa, studied and evaluated according to EPPO guideline no. 142

The side-effects of plant protection products on beneficial arthropods have been studied by the Netherlands Plant Protection Service since 1974. Laboratory test methods were developed in the context of IOBC/WPRS for Encarsia formosa , a natural enemy of glasshouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. These methods were elaborated by EPPO into a sequential decision-making scheme and published as an official EPPO guideline in 1989. The scheme includes a residual toxicity test on adults, a direct contact test on pupae, a persistence test on adults, all in the laboratory, and a field test. Following this guideline, the Netherlands Plant Protection Service tested and evaluated 107 pesticides at 307 concentrations over 10 years. Test details and complete test results are reported, including the risk assessments according to the EPPO scheme and according to the IOBC/WPRS conventions. These results are further summarized per type of pesticide, kind of test and risk classification. The efficiency of the scheme in classifying pesticide concentrations for risk to E. formosa is analysed. The scheme was found to be reasonably practical and efficient except for pesticides in the range between safe and hazardous. Suggestions for improvement are given. Also the possible need for changing the original IOBC/WPRS-criterion for harmlessness (effect < 50%) is discussed. No reasons for lowering the criterion to 30% were found. The decision-making scheme fits into the general approach for environmental risk assessment of plant protection products, developed recently by EPPO and the Council of Europe.     

New trends in orchard spraying1

Since the early part of the century, a steady move in England towards lower volume spraying of orchards has coincided with the progressive introduction of improved spraying techniques. In recent years many growers have adopted very low volume (VLV) spraying (50 litre ha^-1) using spinning-disc nozzles with greatly reduced dose rates, often only 25% of the product label recommendation. On well managed farms, this method of spraying has been successful for several years and considerable savings have been made in pesticide use and labour for spraying. On other farms there have been pest and disease control problems but few growers have reverted to spraying at conventional volume or pesticide rates. Trials evidence from the UK and the Netherlands shows the VLV reduced dose-rate spraying technique to be generally less effective than conventional spraying but usually sufficiently effective for commercial purposes. In the Netherlands a compromise method of low volume spraying (150–200 litre ha^-1) is being adopted on the recommendation of research and advisory services. This method of spraying is gaining popularity in England. Unfortunately, the method of application stipulated on product labels is usually restricted to a minimum water volume and a pesticide dose per ha. It might be desirable for experimental work for registration purposes to be done to explore optimum application methods for individual pesticides. This information on labels, in a simple form, might lead to the more efficient use of pesticides as well as reflecting the range of application methods in use in the industry.     

Towards the construction of a resistance risk evaluation scheme

Pesticide resistance management needs an indication of the risk of resistance developing in pests against pesticide applications. This paper describes an evaluation system for the ranking of these risks. The term pests includes all organisms which are causing economic damage in agriculture, including weeds and plant pathogens. The system distinguishes six broad risk categories. It is based on expert judgement of answers to a maximum of ten questions on crop husbandry, pest biology and pest control. The system has been developed for registration purposes in The Netherlands, and is currently being discussed within the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO). ©1997 SCI     

农药对健康及环境影响药迹模型的构建与应用

为了更好地评估农药使用对人类健康和生态环境的综合影响,利用可方便获取的农药有效成分特性数据资源,在综合考虑健康及环境影响评估的定量化、参数的代表性、测试方法的标准化、现有可获取数据的权威性和完整性,以及评估核算过程的便利性等要求基础上,构建了药迹模型及其指标体系。采用所建立的药迹模型可计算得到表征各种农药对健康和环境影响力的药迹指数,再结合农药用量数据,即可对不同时空尺度下农药使用产生的健康和环境影响进行定量化的核算和比较。通过该模型对70种代表性农药进行核算,结果表明,药迹指数为0.002~111.348 PTU/kg,单次用量药迹为0.001~41.412 PTU/hm2,不同农药品种间差距很大。该药迹模型具有广泛的应用前景,如药迹指数可用于农药危害性分类,药迹核算可用于农药减施成效评估,药迹限量可用于农药施用限量标准制定等。     

宁波出口蔬菜基地农药残留量的监控

为了有效地应对入世后出口蔬菜面临的种种技术壁垒挑战．2002年11月份起从出口蔬菜基地灌溉水和土壤农药残留普查、蔬菜农药残留量检测、基地所用农药有效成分分析、日本官方未登记农药监控4个方面,实施对宁波出口蔬菜基地农药残留量的监控工作。结果表明,基地灌溉水和土壤农药残留污染轻微,土壤农药残留量达到我国土壤环境质量一级与二级标准;蔬菜农药残留量控制良好,农药残留量均未超过输入国规定的限量要求：农药有效成分经分析与标识一致：重点监控了日本官方未登记或登记已失效而在宁波地区个别农民可能使用的农药,确保蔬菜的卫生质量。     

Vertebrate wildlife incidents with pesticides: a european survey

A survey was carried out to investigate terrestrial wildlife incidents with pesticides in 18 European countries over the period 1990–1994. Only in seven countries does a systematic incident registration system exist. Compared with the other countries, relatively high numbers of incidents were registered in France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Over 1000 incidents were investigated to establish their causes: approved use, misuse or deliberate abuse, and the compounds, species and mode of application involved. It was found that most registered incidents are due to deliberate abuse. Approved use is responsible for only a minor fraction of the incidents, and these are due to particular practices such as use of treated seed, bait or wood preservatives and the spraying of grassland. Hardly any incidents were due to crop-spraying. The reason why so few incidents are registered for normal crop-spraying is discussed: do they not occur, or are the casualties not registered? It is doubtful whether incident registration is a reliable instrument for obtaining a proper understanding of the occurrence of the side-effects of agricultural pesticide use. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of Programmed and Supervised Control Systems for Field Crops1

The effects of increasing inputs of pesticides, nitrogen and growth regulators were studied in field trials in winter wheat and spring barley in southern Sweden. The trials also included a comparison of different strategies: no control, routine control and supervised control. In 1982 EPIPRE, a computerized pest and disease management system developed in the Netherlands, was included. High inputs of nitrogen only slightly influenced the yields. In winter wheat, routine control, comprising one insecticide and three fungicide sprays, heavily increased the yield and was more profitable than supervised control. On an average only 1.2 pesticide sprays were carried out in supervised plots. However, in spring barley supervised control was slightly more profitable than routine control comprising one fungicide and one insecticide application. The average number of sprays in supervised was 0.6 only. In both winter wheat and barley the yield increase for routine control significantly increased with increasing nitrogen level. In barley a significant relationship between number of aphids per tiller and yield increase could be proved.