噻虫胺等药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒效应

为了明确新烟碱类药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力,采用管测药膜法和药液定量滴加法测定了噻虫胺等6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊不同虫态的毒力,并研究了噻虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和辛硫磷亚致死浓度对其4龄幼虫生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对成虫的击倒毒力均较高,分别是阿维菌素的5.75、3.86和3.51倍;6种药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵的毒力均较低;对2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力,均以噻虫胺最高,LC₅₀分别为0.339 mg/L和1.020 mg/L,分别是阿维菌素的27.00倍和25.23倍。用噻虫胺亚致死剂量处理韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫,其发育历期和蛹期延长,蛹重、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率均降低。     

21种化学药剂对新疆棉田主要害虫毒力及对多异瓢虫的安全性

为明确现阶段棉田常用化学杀虫剂对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）棉花主要害虫的毒力以及对新疆本地优势天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,于室内分别测定当前21种棉田常用化学药剂对新疆棉田3种主要害虫棉蚜Aphis gossypii、截形叶螨Etranychus truncatus和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera以及优势天敌多异瓢虫的毒力,比较不同药剂对各种害虫和天敌的相对毒力指数以及益害毒性比。结果表明,药剂处理24 h后,10种蚜虫防治药剂对棉蚜成蚜的半致死浓度LC₅₀由高到低依次为氟啶虫胺腈、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、丁硫克百威、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、螺虫乙酯和吡蚜酮,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有氟啶虫胺腈和螺虫乙酯;5种叶螨防治药剂对截形叶螨成螨的LC₅₀从高到低依次为阿维菌素、哒螨灵、四螨嗪、噻螨酮和炔螨特,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有四螨嗪、噻螨酮和阿维菌素;6种鳞翅目害虫幼虫防治药剂对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的LC₅₀由高到低顺次为甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称甲维盐）、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威、灭多威、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯,其中益害毒性比较高的药剂主要有甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺。综合上述2个方面结果,氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺不仅对棉花害虫毒力效果强,而且对有益天敌安全性高。     

双丙环虫酯对多异瓢虫生命参数、捕食功能与飞行能力的影响

为明确新型生物源杀虫剂双丙环虫酯对新疆维吾尔自治区（简称新疆）农田优势捕食性天敌多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata的安全性,以前期室内毒力测定的双丙环虫酯对棉蚜Aphis gossypii的LC₅₀、LC₂₀和LC₁₀为药剂处理浓度,以清水为对照,于室内测定不同浓度双丙环虫酯处理后多异瓢虫成虫繁殖力、子代生长发育、捕食功能和飞行能力。结果表明,3个浓度双丙环虫酯处理后多异瓢虫成虫繁殖力及其卵孵化率与清水（对照）均无显著差异;LC₅₀处理后多异瓢虫F₁代1龄幼虫存活率显著低于LC₁₀、LC₂₀处理和清水（对照）,多异瓢虫2~4龄幼虫的存活率在不同处理之间均无显著差异。多异瓢虫F₁代1龄幼虫发育历期随药剂处理浓度增大而显著延长;药剂处理对幼虫发育历期的影响随龄期逐渐减弱,至4龄幼虫时影响均不显著,但幼虫总发育历期及卵-蛹总发育历期均随药剂处理浓度增大而显著延长。各药剂处理后多异瓢虫F₁代蛹发育历期、蛹重和成虫羽化率均与清水（对照）无显著差异。双丙环虫酯处理后多异瓢虫对棉蚜的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型,日捕食量均随棉蚜密度增加而增加,3龄幼虫捕食能力低于雌、雄成虫。当棉蚜密度为50头/皿时,清水（对照）、LC₂₀和LC₅₀处理后多异瓢虫3龄幼虫的日捕食量均显著高于LC₁₀处理,其他棉蚜密度下不同处理后3龄幼虫日捕食量之间差异不显著;相同棉蚜密度下,不同处理后多异瓢虫2日龄雌成虫日捕食量之间均无显著差异;当棉蚜密度为100头/皿时,清水（对照）、LC₁₀和LC₅₀处理后雄成虫日捕食量显著高于LC₂₀处理;其他棉蚜密度下,不同处理后雄成虫日捕食量之间均无显著差异。不同浓度双丙环虫酯处理后多异瓢虫2日龄雌、雄成虫在室内飞行磨上的飞行速度、飞行时间及飞行距离之间均无显著差异;相同处理后雌、雄成虫的飞行距离之间差异也不显著。与当前生产上防治蚜虫的当家杀虫剂相比,双丙环虫酯对多异瓢虫的生态安全性较高,可用于新疆农作物蚜虫类害虫的绿色防控。     

防治金银花尺蠖幼虫高效药剂的筛选及应用评价

为筛选防治金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu幼虫的高效、低残留杀虫剂，采用浸虫法和浸叶法分别测定了13种杀虫剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫的触杀毒力和胃毒毒力，筛选出高活性药剂，并对筛选的药剂进行田间防效试验及检测其在金银花中的农药残留量。毒力测定结果表明，甲维盐对金银花尺蠖2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力最高，触杀毒力LC_ct50分别为0.291、0.391 mg/L，胃毒毒力LCst50分别为0.081、0.275 mg/L；多杀菌素、氟铃脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺药剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫也表现出较高的致毒作用。田间药效试验表明，有效成分用量2.25 g （a.i.）/hm²的甲维盐、有效成分用量11.25 g （a.i.）/hm²的多杀菌素对金银花尺蠖幼虫均有极好的防治效果，药后7 d防治效果分别为96.39%和93.13%，表明甲维盐和多杀菌素是防治金银花尺蠖幼虫的特效药剂。残留检测分析结果表明，有效成分用量6、12 g （a.i.）/hm²的甲维盐喷雾处理3 d后，金银花中农药残留量分别为0.0219、0.0725 mg/kg，7 d后分别为0.0070、0.0168 mg/kg。     

四种低毒杀虫剂对小菜蛾生长发育及繁殖的亚致死效应

为系统评价4种低毒杀虫剂对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella（L.）的综合控制作用,采用叶片浸渍法处理小菜蛾3龄幼虫,测定了虫酰肼、氟啶脲、茚虫威和虫螨腈的亚致死浓度（LC₂₅）对小菜蛾生长发育和繁殖力的影响。结果表明,4 种药剂亚致死浓度处理使小菜蛾3~4龄幼虫发育历期延长0.43~1.93 d,平均单头雌、雄蛹重分别减轻0.83~1.31 mg和0.19~1.09 mg ,幼虫的化蛹率及羽化率则分别降低11.2%~34.3%和21.7%~33.6%,以氟啶脲和茚虫威处理的影响较为显著。药剂处理后成虫平均产卵量减少30.15~60.21粒/雌,卵孵化率降低8.85%~19.65%,以虫酰肼效果较为明显;虫酰肼、氟啶脲、茚虫威均显著降低小菜蛾的交配成功率。     

亚致死剂量双氧威和虫酰肼对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育的影响

测定亚致死剂量昆虫生长调节剂双氧威和虫酰肼对亚洲玉米螟5龄幼虫发育历期、化蛹率、体重、脂质含量及血清中糖和蛋白含量的影响。结果表明:双氧威LC₃₀、LC₂₀、LC₁₀依次为22.23、14.75、4.37μg/mL,虫酰肼LC₃₀、LC₂₀、LC₁₀依次为48.20、37.11、21.73μg/mL。LC₃₀亚致死剂量双氧威处理可使5龄幼虫的发育历期延长至8.33±0.69天,而虫酰肼处理则使其缩短至5.49±0.66天。亚致死剂量双氧威和虫酰肼处理均使幼虫体重及化蛹率明显降低(P<0.01),其体内脂质含量和血清中糖和蛋白含量也低于对照组(P<0.01),同时5龄幼虫血清中储存蛋白的合成受到抑制。     

朱红毛斑蛾虫生真菌球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株的分离鉴定及其毒力测定

为评价从朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans幼虫僵虫中分离的虫生真菌在害虫生物防治中的应用潜力,通过形态学鉴定及ITS基因序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,并运用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析该分离菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,结合形态学特征和ITS基因序列分析将该虫生真菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,并将该菌株命名为PfBb。球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株可侵染朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫,随着该菌株孢子液浓度的增加,其对朱红毛斑蛾幼虫的毒力逐渐增强。PfBb菌株孢子液处理朱红毛斑蛾1~5龄幼虫6 d时的LC₅₀分别为2.61×10⁴、1.04×10⁵、1.11×10⁶、1.54×10⁶和1.44×10⁷ 个/mL,处理6龄幼虫8 d时的LC₅₀为1.02×10⁷ 个/mL。随着处理时间的增加,PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的LC₅₀和LC₉₀随之降低,表明存在剂量效应。当处理浓度相同时,朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的僵虫率随着虫龄的增加而降低,但在较高浓度1.0×10⁷~1.0×10⁹ 个/mL处理时,1~5龄幼虫的僵虫率无显著差异,说明1.0×10⁷个/mL球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株孢子液防治朱红毛斑蛾幼虫即可达到理想的防治效果。表明球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾有较大的生防应用潜力。     

七种杀虫剂对暗黑鳃金龟成虫和幼虫的毒力及田间防控效果

为筛选防治暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela的有效药剂,用浸虫法测定了7种药剂对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力,分别采用浸虫法、浸叶法、药膜法测定了7种药剂对其成虫的毒力,并通过大田试验作了进一步验证。浸虫法测得高效氯氟氰菊酯对成虫的毒力最高,LC₅₀值为1.38 mg/L;浸叶法测得辛硫磷毒力最高,为42.05 mg/L;药膜法测得毒死蜱毒力最高,为18.51 mg/L。其中,高效氯氟氰菊酯毒力值变化最大,浸虫法毒力是浸叶法毒力的61.86倍;氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟虫腈在3种生测方法中毒力相当,但均较低。丁硫克百威对暗黑鳃金龟幼虫的毒力最高,LC₅₀值为7.29 mg/L。田间试验结果显示,35%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂4 500 g/hm²(有效成分,余同)防效达80.66%,对花生的保果、增产幅度分别为77.90%、17.56%;30%毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂2 250 g/hm²、20%丁硫克百威乳油3 000 g/hm²与辛硫磷防效相当,且显著高于其它药剂。因此,选用以上药剂于7月中下旬花生封垄前田间灌墩可以有效减轻暗黑鳃金龟为害。     

七种新烟碱类杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫及蚯蚓的选择毒力

为筛选出高效安全的韭蛆防治药剂,室内采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法比较了吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉与毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种对照药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒力,同时用人工土壤法测定了13种药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,并通过盆栽试验验证了其对韭蛆和蚯蚓的选择毒力。结果表明,吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫的毒力明显高于6种对照药剂,对虫酰肼的相对毒力倍数分别为101.6、55.0、32.9、27.2、13.6;13种供试药剂中,除吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺对蚯蚓中等毒性外,其余均为低毒;盆栽试验中,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻唑膦、高效氯氟氰菊酯的防虫效果和保苗效果均分别高于其它药剂,但其中只有噻虫嗪对蚯蚓没有明显致死作用。     

溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对三种鳞翅目害虫的毒力作用比较

为比较溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎的作用差异,采用浸卵法、浸叶法、饲喂毒营养液法等测定了溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺对3种害虫的卵、3龄幼虫和成虫的毒力,以及对其3龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,溴氰虫酰胺和氯虫苯甲酰胺均无杀卵作用,但能降低初孵幼虫存活率。溴氰虫酰胺对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫的LC₅₀值分别为0.11、0.05和0.13 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的2.8、2.7和5.1倍。溴氰虫酰胺对3种害虫成虫的LC₅₀值分别为0.11、0.09和0.22 mg/L,相对毒力分别是氯虫苯甲酰胺的3.9、3.8和2.7倍。溴氰虫酰胺在亚致死浓度0.10、0.05和0.14 mg/L的剂量下分别对甜菜夜蛾、玉米螟和小地老虎3龄幼虫表现出较强的拒食作用,处理48 h后达到最高,拒食率分别为85.58%、81.91%和86.11%。药剂处理试虫虫体皱缩,体节缩短,体重增加率明显低于对照处理。表明溴氰虫酰胺对3种鳞翅目害虫的毒力作用比氯虫苯甲酰胺好,可作为氯虫苯甲酰胺的替代药品。     

Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid precursor converted to clothianidin in insects and plants

Neonicotinoid insecticides are compounds acting agonistically on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). They are especially active on hemipteran pest species such as aphids, whiteflies, and planthoppers, but also commercialized to control many coleopteran and some lepidopteran pest species. The most prominent member of this class of insecticides is imidacloprid. All neonicotinoid insecticides bind with high affinity (I₅₀-values around 1 nM) to [³H]imidacloprid binding sites on insect nAChRs. One notable ommission is the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, showing binding affinities up to 10,000-fold less potent than the others, using housefly head membrane preparations. Electrophysiological whole cell voltage clamp studies using neurons isolated from Heliothis virescens ventral nerve cord showed no response to thiamethoxam when applied at concentrations of 0.3 mM, although the symptomology of poisoning in orally and topically treated noctuid larvae suggested strong neurotoxicity. Other neonicotinoids, such as clothianidin, exhibited high activity as agonists on isolated neurons at concentrations as low as 30 nM. There was no obvious correlation between biological efficacy of thiamethoxam against aphids and lepidopterans and receptor affinity in electrophysiological and binding assays. Pharmacokinetic studies using an LC-MS/MS approach to analyze haemolymph samples taken from lepidopteran larvae revealed that thiamethoxam orally applied to 5th instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae was rapidly metabolized to clothianidin, an open-chain neonicotinoid. Clothianidin shows high affinity to nAChRs in both binding assays and whole cell voltage clamp studies. When applied to cotton plants, thiamethoxam was also quickly metabolized, with clothianidin being the predominant neonicotinoid in planta briefly after application, as indicated by LC-MS/MS analyses. Interestingly, the N-desmethylated derivative of thiamethoxam, N-desmethyl thiamethoxam, was not significantly produced in either lepidopteran larvae or in cotton plants, although it was often mentioned as a possible metabolite, being nearly as active as imidacloprid. In conclusion, our investigations show that thiamethoxam is likely to be a neonicotinoid precursor for clothianidin.     

5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效

为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,1%甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50%噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1 875.69 mg/L。5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪。田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,5种药剂不同剂量处理的虫口数量均显著下降,施药后7 d,各处理对枸杞棉蚜防效分别达94.13%~99.84%,且各剂量处理均对枸杞树安全。5种药剂推荐使用剂量分别为:5%啶虫脒EC 25.0 mg/L以上,30%呋虫胺SC 50.0~100.0 mg/L,50%噻虫嗪WG 100.0~125.0 mg/L,25%吡蚜酮WP 83.3~125.0 mg/L,1%甲维盐EC 5.6~8.3 mg/L。     

球孢白僵菌与5种农药的相容性及其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的联合毒力

本文室内评价了5种防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊常用化学农药(辛硫磷、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯)与高毒力球孢白僵菌YB8的相容性,并测定了菌药联合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒力效果。结果表明不同浓度的5种农药对菌株YB8生长均有一定的影响。其中噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在供试浓度下对孢子萌发无显著影响,5 d时能促进菌株YB8菌落生长,且随着浓度降低促进作用加强(抑制率为-2.26%~-15.69%),10 d时对菌株YB8生长略有抑制作用(抑制率为0.29%~8.33%);高效氯氟氰菊酯(16.7 mg/L)和高效氯氰菊酯高浓度(30 mg/L)均对孢子萌发有抑制作用(孢子萌发率分别为86.87%、86.82%),而低浓度(1.67、3 mg/L)则促进孢子萌发(孢子萌发率分别为124.96%、104.10%);二者不同浓度对菌落生长均有一定的影响,其中高效氯氰菊酯在低浓度3 mg/L时,5和10 d的菌落生长抑制率分别为-32.64%和-13.11%;辛硫磷与菌株YB8相容性差,随着浓度增加,孢子萌发率明显降低,菌落生长明显受到抑制。5种农药与菌株YB8联合使用的生物测定结果表明,联合作用时农药的LC50值降低,菌株YB8对韭蛆的LT50缩短。因此,生产上推荐菌株YB8与噻虫嗪和噻虫胺联合使用,而避免与高浓度辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯联合使用。     

20种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵活性

在前期测定14种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾杀卵活性的基础上,本文采用浸渍法又测定了20种不同类型杀虫剂的杀卵活性,以期为草地贪夜蛾卵期防治药剂的选择提供更全面的参考。结果表明,所测的20种杀虫剂均具有一定的杀卵活性。在100 mg/L浓度下,溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和乙基多杀菌素表现出出色的杀卵活性,能够完全抑制卵的孵化,杀虫双的杀卵活性最差,低于10%。而噻虫胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、多杀霉素、联苯菊酯、噻虫啉、氧乐果、噻虫嗪、甲氰菊酯、烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的杀卵活性相对较好,其校正死亡率在70.95%～98.52%之间,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、辛硫磷、虫螨腈和杀虫单的杀卵活性相对较差,在42.26%～61.51%之间。在10 mg/L浓度下,噻虫胺、乙基多杀菌素和噻虫啉的杀卵活性均在70%以上,而杀虫双、毒死蜱和烯啶虫胺的杀卵活性低于15%。特别是在100 mg/L和10 mg/L浓度下,新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺和噻虫啉对草地贪夜蛾表现出较高的杀卵活性,分别为98.52%、76.91%和89.37%、72.44%。上述药剂在田间对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵效果还有待进一步验证。     

噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在麦叶和麦穗中的痕量检测方法及其应用

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定麦叶和麦穗中噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺残留的痕量、快速检测方法.麦叶或麦穗中噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺用乙腈提取,NH2/Carb固相萃取柱净化,内标法定量.结果表明:噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在0.001～～0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r大于0.99;噻虫嗪和噻虫...     

Resistance and cross-resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

One of the major challenges in managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) is its remarkable ability to develop resistance to virtually every insecticide that has ever been used against it. Resistance is particularly common throughout northeastern USA as far north as Maine. The first instances of resistance to imidacloprid have already been reported from several locations in New York, Delaware and southern Maine. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action may delay insecticide resistance, but successful implementation of this technique depends on a good understanding of resistance and cross-resistance patterns in populations of target pests. LC(50) values were measured for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Colorado potato beetle populations from a variety of locations in the USA and Canada using diet incorporation bioassays. The field performance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin against imidacloprid-resistant beetles on a commercial potato farm in southern Maine was also evaluated. Correlation between LC(50) values for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was highly significant, even when populations previously exposed to thiamethoxam were excluded from the analysis. There was no statistically detectable difference in the LC(50) values between populations exposed to both insecticides and to imidacloprid alone. Applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting delayed build-up of imidacloprid-resistant beetle populations on field plots by 1-2 weeks but failed to provide adequate crop protection. Consistently with bioassay results, there was also substantial cross-resistance among the three tested neonicotinoid insecticides. Results of the present study support the recommendation to avoid rotating imidacloprid with thiamethoxam as a part of a resistance management plan.     

噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在枸杞中的残留消解及膳食摄入风险评估

为分析50%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂在枸杞上的残留情况, 评估其残留量对人体的膳食摄入风险, 建立了噻虫嗪及其代谢物噻虫胺在枸杞上的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法, 分析枸杞中农药的最终残留量, 估算农药慢性摄入风险。结果表明, 在0.01~1.0 mg/L的范围内, 2种农药的线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.999。在0.01、0.1、1.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下, 平均回收率为80.7%~106.6%, 相对标准偏差为1.4%~4.6%。储藏稳定性试验结果表明, 冷冻条件下储藏11个月, 噻虫嗪和噻虫胺在枸杞中均稳定。中国居民摄入噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的慢性暴露风险分别为16.6%和3.8%, 远低于100%, 慢性膳食暴露风险低。     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等5种化学药剂对薄荷金叶甲的毒力效果研究

为科学有效地防治丹参新害虫--薄荷金叶甲,本文测定了5种化学药剂啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氰菊酯对丹参新害虫薄荷金叶甲的毒力效果。结果表明,所选5种化学药剂对薄荷金叶甲均有一定的毒力作用,但相互之间存在较大差异,其中,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的毒力最高,LC50值为1.7404mg/L,啶虫脒和高效氯氰菊酯的毒力相近,LC50值分别为64.7845和86.5744mg/L,而噻虫嗪对薄荷金叶甲的毒力较差,LC50值为220.2474 mg/L,阿维菌素对薄荷金叶甲的毒力最差,LC50值为678.6936mg/L。     

4种杀虫剂对玉米3种害虫的毒力及种子处理防治效果评价

为评价4种杀虫剂在玉米田防治灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus、禾蓟马Frankliniella tenuicornis和玉米蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis的应用前景,采用浸苗法测定了其对3种害虫的毒力,并通过种子处理筛选对3种害虫田间防效较高的药剂。结果表明,噻虫嗪、呋虫胺和吡虫啉对灰飞虱、禾蓟马和玉米蚜具有较高毒力,LC50分别为0.14～1.10、4.24～31.01 mg/L和0.80～7.49 mg/L,氟啶虫酰胺的毒力最低,对3种害虫的LC50分别为84. 55、222.72 mg/L和44.81 mg/L。采用种子处理的方式施药后,各药剂处理组玉米出苗率与对照组无显著差异,安全性较高;播种后30 d,20%氟啶虫酰胺种子处理悬浮剂对灰飞虱、禾蓟马的防效均在75%以上,播种后40 d,70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂对灰飞虱防效最高,其次为20%氟啶虫酰胺种子处理悬浮剂、8%呋虫胺悬浮种衣剂和600 g/L吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂;播种后50 d(玉米抽雄期)调查,20%氟啶虫酰胺种子处理悬浮剂对玉米蚜防治效果可达92.1%,表现出较高的防治效果,噻虫嗪、呋虫胺、吡虫啉防治效果略低,但均在70%以上,能有效防治玉米蚜的为害。综上,氟啶虫酰胺、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺和吡虫啉均适合用于防治玉米田灰飞虱、禾蓟马和玉米蚜3种害虫。