Response of C:N:P in the plant-soil system and stoichiometric homeostasis of Nitraria tangutorum leaves in the oasis-desert ecotone,Northwest China

Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are widely distributed in the arid and semi-arid desert areas of China. The formation and development of N. tangutorum nebkhas are the result of the interaction between vegetation and the surrounding environment in the process of community succession. Different successional stages of N. tangutorum nebkhas result in differences in the community structure and composition, thereby strongly affecting the distribution of soil nutrients and ecosystem stability. However, the ecological stoichiometry of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different successional stages remains poorly understood. Understanding the stoichiometric homeostasis of N. tangutorum could provide insights into its adaptability to the arid and semi-arid desert environments. Therefore, we analyzed the stoichiometric characteristics of N. tangutorum in four successional stages, i.e., rudimental, developing, stabilizing, and degrading stages using a homeostasis model in an oasis-desert ecotone of Northwest China. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents and their ratios in the 0-100 cm soil depth were significantly lower than the averages at regional and global scales and were weakly influenced by successional stages in the oasis-desert ecotone. TN and TP contents and C:N:P in the soil showed similar trends. Total carbon (TC) and TN contents in leaves were 450.69-481.07 and 19.72-29.35 g/kg, respectively, indicating that leaves of N. tangutorum shrubs had a high storage capacity for C and N. Leaf TC and TN contents and N:P ratio increased from the rudimental stage to the stabilizing stage and then decreased in the degrading stage, while the reverse trend was found for leaf C:N. Leaf TP content decreased from the rudimental stage to the degrading stage and changed significantly in late successional stages. N:P ratio was above the theoretical limit of 14, indicating that the growth of N. tangutorum shrubs was limited by P during successional stages. Leaf N, P, and N:P homeostasis in four successional stages was identified as 'strictly homeostasis'. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil acidity (pH) and the maximum water holding capacity were the main factors affecting C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics in N. tangutorum leaves. Our study demonstrated that N. tangutorum with a high degree of stoichiometric homeostasis could better cope with the arid desert environment.     

Shrub modulates the stoichiometry of moss and soil in desert ecosystems,China

Desert mosses, which are important stabilizers in desert ecosystems, are distributed patchily under and between shrubs. Mosses differ from vascular plants in the ways they take up nutrients. Clarifying their distribution with ecological stoichiometry may be useful in explaining their mechanisms of living in different microhabitats. In this study, Syntrichia caninervis, the dominant moss species of moss crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, was selected to examine the study of stoichiometric characteristics in three microhabitats (under living shrubs, under dead shrubs and in exposed ground). The stoichiometry and enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The plant function in the above-ground and below-ground parts of S. caninervis is significantly different, so the stoichiometry of the above-ground and below-ground parts might also be different. Results showed that carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in the below-ground parts of S. caninervis were significantly lower than those in the above-ground parts. The highest N and P contents of the two parts were found under living shrubs and the lowest under dead shrubs. The C contents of the two parts did not differ significantly among the three microhabitats. In contrast, the ratios of C:N and C:P in the below-ground parts were higher than those in the above-ground parts in all microhabitats, with significant differences in the microhabitats of exposed ground and under living shrubs. There was an increasing trend in soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil available phosphorous (SAP), and C:P and N:P ratios from exposed ground to under living shrubs and to under dead shrubs. No significant differences were found in soil total phosphorous (STP) and soil available nitrogen (SAN), or in ratios of C:N and SAN:SAP. Higher soil urease (SUE) and soil nitrate reductase (SNR) activities were found in soil under dead shrubs, while higher soil sucrase (STC) and soil β-glucosidase (SBG) activities were respectively found in exposed ground and under living shrubs. Soil alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity reached its lowest value under dead shrubs, and there was no significant difference between the microhabitats of exposed ground and under living shrubs. Results indicated that the photosynthesis-related C of S. caninervis remained stable under the three microhabitats while N and P were mediated by the microhabitats. The growth strategy of S. caninervis varied in different microhabitats because of the different energy cycles and nutrient balances. The changes of stoichiometry in soil were not mirrored in the moss. We conclude that microhabitat could change the growth strategy of moss and nutrients cycling of moss patches.     

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency of two dominant alpine grass species

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two essential nutrients that determine plant growth and many nutrient cycling processes. Increasing N and P deposition is an important driver of ecosystem changes. However, in contrast to numerous studies about the impacts of nutrient addition on forests and temperate grasslands, how plant foliar stoichiometry and nutrient resorption respond to N and P addition in alpine grasslands is poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted an N and P addition experiment (involving control, N addition, P addition, and N+P addition) in an alpine grassland on Kunlun Mountains (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China) in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the changes in leaf nutrient concentrations (i.e., leaf N, Leaf P, and leaf N:P ratio) and nutrient resorption efficiency of Seriphidium rhodanthum and Stipa capillata, which are dominant species in this grassland. Results showed that N addition has significant effects on soil inorganic N (NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N) and leaf N of both species in the study periods. Compared with green leaves, leaf nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption efficiency in senesced leaves of S. rhodanthum was more sensitive to N addition, whereas N addition influenced leaf N and leaf N:P ratio in green and senesced leaves of S. capillata. N addition did not influence N resorption efficiency of the two species. P addition and N+P addition significantly improved leaf P and had a negative effect on P resorption efficiency of the two species in the study period. These influences on plants can be explained by increasing P availability. The present results illustrated that the two species are more sensitive to P addition than N addition, which implies that P is the major limiting factor in the studied alpine grassland ecosystem. In addition, an interactive effect of N+P addition was only discernable with respect to soil availability, but did not affect plants. Therefore, exploring how nutrient characteristics and resorption response to N and P addition in the alpine grassland is important to understand nutrient use strategy of plants in terrestrial ecosystems.     

Ecological stoichiometry and biomass response of Agropyron michnoi Roshev. under simulated N deposition in a sandy grassland,China

Sandy grassland in northern China is a fragile ecosystem with poor soil fertility. Exploring how plant species regulate growth and nutrient absorption under the background of nitrogen (N) deposition is crucial for the management of the sandy grassland ecosystem. We carried out a field experiment with six N levels in the Hulunbuir Sandy Land of China from 2014 to 2016 and explored the Agropyron michnoi Roshev. responses of both aboveground and belowground biomasses and carbon (C), N and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the plant tissues and soil. With increasing N addition, both aboveground and belowground biomasses and C, N and P concentrations in the plant tissues increased and exhibited a single-peak curve. C:N and C:P ratios of the plant tissues first decreased but then increased, while the trend for N:P ratio was opposite. The peak values of aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and C concentration in the plant tissues occurred at the level of 20 g N/(m²·a), while those of N and P concentrations in the plant tissues occurred at the level of 15 g N/(m²·a). The maximum growth percentages of aboveground and belowground biomasses were 324.2% and 75.9%, respectively, and the root to shoot ratio (RSR) decreased with the addition of N. N and P concentrations in the plant tissues were ranked in the order of leaves>roots>stems, while C concentration was ranked as roots>leaves>stems. The increase in N concentration in the plant tissues was the largest (from 34% to 162%), followed by the increase in P (from 10% to 33%) and C (from 8% to 24%) concentrations. The aboveground biomass was positively and linearly correlated with leaf C, N and P, and soil C and N concentrations, while the belowground biomass was positively and linearly correlated with leaf N and soil C concentrations. These results showed that the accumulation of N and P in the leaves caused the increase in the aboveground biomass, while the accumulation of leaf N resulted in the increase in the belowground biomass. N deposition can alter the allocation of C, N and P stoichiometry in the plant tissues and has a high potential for increasing plant biomass, which is conducive to the restoration of sandy grassland.     

Manipulated precipitation regulated carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in a temperate grassland on the Loess Plateau,China

Manipulated precipitation patterns can profoundly influence the metabolism of soil microorganisms. However, the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient turnover to microbial metabolic limitation under changing precipitation conditions remain unclear in semi-arid ecosystems. This study measured the potential activities of enzymes associated with carbon (C: β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-D-cellobiosidase (CBH)), nitrogen (N: β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP)) and phosphorus (P: alkaline phosphatase (AP)) acquisition, to quantify soil microbial metabolic limitations using enzymatic stoichiometry, and then identify the implications for soil microbial metabolic limitations and carbon use efficiency (CUE) under decreased precipitation by 50% (DP) and increased precipitation by 50% (IP) in a temperate grassland. The results showed that soil C and P were the major elements limiting soil microbial metabolism in temperate grasslands. There was a strong positive dependence between microbial C and P limitations under manipulated precipitation. Microbial metabolism limitation was promoted by DP treatment but reversed by IP treatment. Moreover, CUE was inhibited by DP treatment but promoted by IP treatment. Soil microbial metabolism limitation was mainly regulated by soil moisture and soil C, N, and P stoichiometry, followed by available nutrients (i.e., NO- 3, NH+ 4, and dissolved organic C) and microbial biomass (i.e., MBC and MBN). Overall, these findings highlight the potential role of changing precipitation in regulating ecosystem C turnover by limiting microbial metabolism and CUE in temperate grassland ecosystems.     

Leaf N and P stoichiometry of 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development,as well as the structure and function of ecosystems.Hence,leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep understanding of plant nutrient status,nutrient limitation type of ecosystems,plant life-history strategy and differentiation of functional groups.However,the status and pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometry in N-deficiency desert ecosystems remain unclear.Under this context,the leaf samples from 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,eastern Junggar Desert,China were investigated and the patterns and interrelations of leaf N and P were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the average leaf N concentration,P concentration,and N:P ratio were 30.81 mg/g,1.77 mg/g and 17.72,respectively.This study found that the leaf N concentration and N:P ratio were significantly higher than those of studies conducted at global,national and regional scales;however,the leaf P concentration was at moderate level.Leaf N concentration was allometrically correlated with leaf P and N:P ratio across all species.Leaf N,P concentrations and N:P ratio differed to a certain extent among plant functional groups.C_4 plants and shrubs,particularly shrubs with assimilative branches,showed an obviously lower P concentration than those of C_3 plants,herbs and shrubs without assimilative branches.Shrubs with assimilative branches also had lower N concentration.Fabaceae plants had the highest leaf N,P concentrations(as well as Asteraceae) and N:P ratio;other families had a similar N,P-stoichiometry.The soil in this study was characterized by a lack of N(total N:P ratio was 0.605),but had high N availability compared with P(i.e.the available N:P ratio was 1.86).This might explain why plant leaves had high N concentration(leaf N:P ratio>16).In conclusion,the desert plants in the extreme environment in this study have formed their intrinsic and special stoichiometric characteristics in relation to their life-history strategy.     

黄河口翅碱蓬湿地土壤氮的季节变化

2009年4～11月,选择位于黄河口滨岸中潮滩和低潮滩上的翅碱蓬湿地为研究对象,对比研究了湿地土壤氮的季节变化特征。结果表明:两种湿地不同土层的NO3--N、NH4+-N和TN含量均具有明显的季节变化特征,但不同类型湿地之间差异较大。二者NO3--N、NH4+-N含量的季节差异主要与其所受潮汐影响程度及其引起的无机氮物理运移和对NH4+-N吸附能力的差异有关。二者在7月较低的NO3--N含量主要与植物对土壤中有效氮的大量吸收与利用有关,而8月较高的NO3--N、NH4+-N含量主要与此间土壤有机氮矿化较强有关。两种湿地不同土层的TN含量与C/N的季节变化规律整体相反。二者TN含量的差异主要受制于不同土层的有机质分布以及潮汐的影响状况,而C/N的差异主要与两种湿地在不同时期受陆源的影响程度有关。     

阴坡-阳坡梯度上的植物叶片N:P化学计量学特征研究

通过对甘南亚高山草甸不同生境的18个植物样地的调查,研究了物种叶片N、P含量及其化学计量学特征,并结合分析土壤养分,探讨了它们与土壤N、P含量、有机质、水分及N∶P比值之间的关系。研究结果显示:甘南亚高山草甸植物叶片N含量在不同坡向之间的变化范围为4.46 ～ 26.59 mg· g^-1,平均为16.24 mg·g^-1;P含量变化范围为0.71 ～ 1.98 mg·g^-1,平均为1.37 mg·g^-1;N∶P比值变化范围为6.43～ 17.75,平均为11.60。叶片N含量及N∶P在不同坡向梯度上没有显著差异(P＞0.05)；叶片P含量在不同生境下差异显著。物种之间叶片N、P含量及N∶P均有显著差异(P＜0.05),而物种与生境的交互作用对叶片N、P含量及N∶P之间差异不显著。根据限制性因子的N∶P阈值判断,该地区植物生长受N限制,这也体现了该地区植物对其生境的一种适应。     

施肥方式对膜孔点源入渗尿素转化特性的影响

通过室内入渗试验,研究了不同施肥方式对膜孔点源入渗尿素转化特性的影响。结果表明,不同施肥方式下尿素的转化规律基本一致,施肥5 d后土壤铵态氮达到最高峰,随后的10 d内迅速下降至土壤的本底值,而土壤硝态氮一直平稳升高,于施肥后15 d左右达到最大值。不同施肥方式下膜孔点源入渗土壤尿素转化后铵态氮和硝态氮的分布特征有明显的不同。灌施情况下土壤铵态氮含量和硝态氮含量沿着远离膜孔中心的方向逐渐减小;表施情况下土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量集中分布在土壤表层以下7～15 cm的土层内;深施情况下土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量集中分布在土壤表层5～17 cm的土层内。     

氮添加对天山高寒草原土壤酶活性和酶化学计量特征的影响

为探究氮添加对高寒草原生态系统土壤酶活性的影响,于2018年在中国科学院巴音布鲁克草原生态系统研究站,选择4个氮添加水平（对照,N0,0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;低氮,N1,10 kg·hm-2·a^-1;中氮,N3,30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1;高氮,N9,90 kg·hm^-2·a^-1）,开展土壤酶活性对氮添加响应的研究,分析土壤酶活性对氮添加的响应特点,土壤酶化学计量比以及土壤酶活性与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明：与对照相比,氮添加在N3水平显著增加β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶（βG）、β-D-纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）和β-1,4木糖苷酶（βX）酶活性（P < 0.05）,N1和N3水平显著增加碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性（P < 0.05）,N3水平显著降低多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性（P < 0.05）,氮添加对亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）活性影响不显著,N3水平下显著增加N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性（P < 0.05）。相关分析表明,8种土壤酶活性均与土壤有机碳（SOC、NAG除外）和总磷（TP）显著相关,与土壤总氮（TN）不相关。研究区土壤酶活性C∶N∶P化学计量比为1∶1∶1.2,与全球生态系统的土壤酶活性C∶N∶P的比值1∶1∶1相偏离,表明该研究区土壤微生物生长受磷素限制。冗余分析（RDA）进一步揭示出土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量是影响土壤酶活性的主要因子。     

Ammonia emissions from soil under sheep grazing in Inner Mongolian grasslands of China

Ammonia (NH3) emission and redeposition play a major role in terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycles and can also cause environmental problems, such as changes in biodiversity, soil acidity, and eutrophication. Previous field grazing experiments showed inconsistent (positive, neutral, and negative) NH3 volatilization from soils in response to varying grazing intensities. However, it remains unclear whether, or to what extent, NH3 emissions from soil are affected by increasing grazing intensities in Inner Mongolian grasslands. Using a 5-year grazing experiment, we investigated the relationship between NH3 volatilization from soil and grazing pressure (0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 sheep/hm2 ) from June to September of 2009 and 2010 via the vented-chamber method. The results show that soil NH3 volatilization was not significantly different at different grazing intensities in 2009, although it was higher at the highest stocking rate during 2010. There was no significant linear relationship between soil NH3 volatilization rates and soil NH4+-N, but soil NH3 volatilization rates were significantly related to soil water content and air temperature. Grazing intensities had no significant influence on soil NH3 volatilization. Soil NH3 emissions from June to September (grazing period), averaged over all grazing intensities, were 9.6±0.2 and 19.0±0.2 kg N/hm2 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Moreover, linear equations describing monthly air temperature and precipitation showed a good fit to changes in soil NH3 emissions (r=0.506, P=0.014). Overall, grazing intensities had less influence than that of climatic factors on soil NH3 emissions. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of grazing on NH3 volatilization from soil in Inner Mongolian grasslands, and have important implications for understanding N cycles in grassland ecosystems and for estimating soil NH3 emissions on a regional scale.     

氮素形态配比对全膜双垄沟播玉米干物质积累及产量的影响

为优化陇中干旱、半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米的氮肥运筹并最终提高子粒产量,通过大田试验,探索了硝态氮/铵态氮分别按1∶0(N1)、1∶1(N2)、1∶2(N3)、1∶3(N4)、2∶1(N5)、3∶1(N6)配比对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米的光合特性、干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:硝态氮和铵态氮配施下玉米的叶面积、光合势相比单施硝态氮均有所提高,以硝铵比为3∶1(N6)最佳,较N1叶面积和光合势分别提高12.59%~39.85%、13.71%~25.00%。提高硝态氮的施用比例利于改善玉米的光合性能,进而促进干物质积累及产量形成。硝态氮和铵态氮两种氮素形态配施对玉米的生长发育具有明显的促进作用,较单施硝态氮的干物质量和产量分别提高了5.45%~52.74%和3.85%~9.93%。其中N6配比下玉米干物质的积累和产量最高,较其它配比分别平均提高了17.13%和4.73%,是最优配比。     

水分对旱稻土壤及植株中主要营养元素含量的影响

在防雨棚池栽条件下研究了不同水分处理下土壤矿质元素的释放及旱稻植株对矿质元素的吸收利用特点。结果表明：土壤水分对土壤N、P、K含量及植株养分吸收存在明显影响。随着土壤水分含量的提高,土壤硝态氪含量显著下降,氨态氪含量显著上升;磷素在低水分处理下先升高后基本保持较高水平,而在高水分处理下有一个升降升的变化过程;钾素在65％、100％水分处理下在分蘖中后期显著大于其它水分处理,而在分蘖前期各水分处理都有一个先降后升的变化趋势。在植株对矿质元素的吸收上,100％水分处理下植株体内的全氮含量一直呈下降趋势,65％、75％处理下磷素变化呈“U”型,其余各处理下植株体内的N、P、K含量都呈W型变化。随土壤含水量的增加,旱稻植株对N、P、K的吸收总量均增加。     

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林土壤养分和pH变化特征

祁连山北坡中山带森林灰褐土是生长青海云杉的集中地带。选择排露沟流域海拔2 900～3 300 m的青海云杉林为研究对象,每隔100 m海拔梯度设置3个调查样地,研究青海结果表明：① 在海拔梯度上,0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮及全磷平均含量高海拔处高于低海拔,而且高海拔与低海拔差异显著（P<0.05）;土壤全钾和速效钾含量则是高海拔低于低海拔,差异亦显著（P<0.05）;速效磷含量随海拔升高没有明显的变化规律,而且海拔间差异不显著（P<0.05）;土壤pH随海拔的升高不断减小,但是海拔间的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 ② 在不同土层深度,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾平均含量均大于10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,而且0~10 cm土层含量显著大于20~40 cm土层（P<0.05）;土壤pH和全钾含量则随土层深度增加,pH在0~10 cm土层与20~40 cm差异显著（P<0.05）,但全钾含量在不同土层差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。 ③ 在碳、氮、磷、钾营养元素循环中,土壤pH和土壤有机质是影响青海云杉群落养分供应的首要限制因子。     

Potential Nitrification Rates of Semiarid Cropland Soils from the Central Ebro Valley,Spain

The nitrification capacity of agricultural soils has received little attention in semi arid Mediterranean environments in spite of the importance of the NO3 - in the ecosystem. In this study, a laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate potential nitrification in six agricultural soils from semiarid Central Ebro Valley (northeastern Spain). Triplicate topsoil samples (0¨15 cm) were collected seasonally over a 2-year period. The nitrification capacity was evaluated by fresh soil incubation at 25°C and field capacity with a NH +- N source. Verhulst s equation was used to express the accumulation of NO3 - 4 - N with time. The potential nitrification rate (K max) was derived from the equation and used to quantitatively characterize the nitrification process. The K max , obtained by fitting a sigmoidal curve, allowed us to distinguish the nitrification capacity of each semiarid agricultural soil. The K max varied between seasons which indicate that time-variable soil properties (such as salinity and climate) influenced the nitriflcation rate even in an incubation experiment. On an annual average, K max for saline or highly gypsiferous soils ranged from 8.5 to 9.4 mg NO3 -N kg -1 d -1. For the rest of the soils. K max ranged from 36.3 to 43.7 mg NO3 -N kg -1 d -1. Potential nitrification rate was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with soil salinity and positively correlated with total organic C, microbial activity, and microbial biomass. Highly gypsiferous soil showed a low K max (8.9 mg NO3 -N kg -1 soil d -1) with the lowest NO3 -N content in field samplings (7 kg NO3 3- N ha -1 as an annual average). This fact demonstrated certain inhibition of the nitrification that can be attributed to unbalanced properties in the highly gypsiferous soil.     

云南省3个海拔区域滇牡丹主要叶部病害发生动态分析

为了解云南省滇牡丹叶部病害的发生动态, 本研究开展了3个海拔区域滇牡丹主要叶部病害周年调查及病原真菌初步鉴定, 并探讨海拔高度、温度和降雨量对滇牡丹病害发生的影响。结果表明, 3个海拔区域滇牡丹主要叶部病害为黑斑病、红斑病和炭疽病, 病原菌分别为链格孢属Alternaria、枝孢属Cladosporium和刺盘孢属Colletotrichum的真菌。其中黑斑病和炭疽病在稗子乡(2 000 m)发病较重, 其次是梁王山(2 400 m)和香格里拉(3 400 m), 发病率和病情指数呈现随海拔升高逐渐下降的趋势。此外, 稗子乡的病害发生动态与月平均温度、降雨量的变化规律基本趋于一致, 且3种病害的发病程度与月平均温度、降雨量显著相关。综上所述, 低海拔且温湿度较大的区域滇牡丹叶部病害发生较重, 本研究为滇牡丹病害防治提供了参考依据。     

强还原处理所使用有机物料与其杀菌效果的相互关系

创造土壤厌氧环境并添加大量有机物料的强还原处理(reductive soil disinfestation,RSD)是一种有效的土壤消毒方法,但对于RSD过程中添加不同有机物料与其杀菌效果间的相互关系研究甚少。本试验采集两种连作土壤,分别进行添加稻壳(RSD1)、麦麸(RSD2)和芦苇(RSD3);甘蔗渣(RSD4)、葡萄糖(RSD5)和纤维素(RSD6)的RSD处理,采用荧光定量PCR、变性梯度凝胶电泳等方法研究物料理化性质与杀菌效果的相互关系。结果表明:RSD处理显著地降低了土壤中的NO-3-N含量和电导率Ec,增加了NH+4-N含量;稻壳、麦麸和芦苇RSD处理的杀菌效果分别为88.60%、90.76%和85.91%,甘蔗渣、葡萄糖和纤维素RSD处理的杀菌效果分别为72.30%、85.87%和30.65%;有机物料中的总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、易氧化有机碳(easily oxidized organic carbon,EOC)和总氮(total nitrogen,TN)与杀菌效果及细菌数量都呈显著正相关(P0.05),土壤中添加有机物料初始C/N与杀菌效果呈显著负相关,与细菌数量显著正相关。综上所述,添加高EOC和TN及低C/N的有机物料的RSD处理杀菌效果更好。     

氮肥对北疆滴灌复播青储玉米光合特性及养分利用的影响

为了解氮肥对北疆滴灌复播青储玉米生理指标的影响,提高氮肥利用效率,通过田间小区试验,研究了一管一行毛管布置模式下,不同氮肥处理（100、170、240、310、380 kg?hm －2）对复播青储玉米光合特性、土壤铵态氮分布的影响。结果表明,不同氮肥处理条件下复播玉米叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化曲线均呈单峰型;土壤铵态氮含量总体上随施氮量的增加先减少后增加;产量随施氮量的增加先增加后减小。综合分析认为,一管一行毛管布置模式下,240 kg?hm －2的施氮量处理下水氮耦合效果最佳,土壤铵态氮含量总体最少,产量与叶片水分利用效率最高,净光合速率较高。     

甘肃省河西走廊中部新垦荒地土壤养分空间变异特征

结合传统统计学、地统计学方法对新垦荒地土壤养分的空间变异性进行了分析研究.结果表明,土壤OM含量极低,土壤有效P极缺乏, NH4 -N缺乏,有效K局部缺乏,有效Ca、Mg、S含量丰富,尤其有效Ca含量较高.土壤OM、NH4 -N、有效P、K、Ca、Mg和S的变异系数在36.0%～164.6%之间.土壤OM及有效P含量的变异较大, 变异系数分别为87.8%及164.6%;土壤K和NH4 -N次之, 变异系数分别为52.7%及53.4%,有效Ca、Mg、S的变异相对较小,变异系数分别为36.0%、37.6%和46.5%.地统计学半方差分析结果显示,土壤各养分的空间变异结构有较大区别.有效P、K、Mg、S的基底效应介于25%～75%之间,具有中等程度空间相关性.OM、有效Ca及NH4 -N的基底效应均＞75%,空间相关性较弱.根据半方差分析结果,利用GS For Windows的Kriging最优内插法制作等值线分布图,从图中看出土壤OM、有效P、K的空间分布变异较小,分布均匀,NH4 -N的空间分布变异较大,有效Ca、Mg、S的空间分布具有中等程度的变异.     

内陆河湿地芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应

植物功能性状是连接植物与外界环境的重要桥梁，其在不同环境梯度下的变化表现出了对异质环境的适应机制。本文以敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区克隆植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）为研究对象，设置了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个梯度样地，研究环境异质条件下芦苇叶功能性状特征及其对土壤环境因子的响应。结果表明：① 各环境梯度下，芦苇叶功能性状特征变化显著（P<0.05），叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重随环境梯度退化呈下降趋势，比叶面积随梯度退化呈上升趋势；② 芦苇各叶功能性状间呈协同变化的特征，叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），比叶面积与叶长、叶干重呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；③ 叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重与土壤表层（0~30 cm）、中层（30~60 cm）水分呈显著正相关（P<0.05），而与土壤表层、中层含盐量呈显著负相关（P<0.05），说明土壤表层与中层的水分与盐分是芦苇叶功能性状最主要的驱动力。研究结果对干旱区内陆河湿地的保护、生态恢复及管理具有重要的指导意义。