橘小实蝇一种重要的寄生蜂-凡氏费氏茧蜂

橘小实蝇寄生蜂凡氏费氏茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)隶属膜翅目小茧蜂科潜蝇茧蜂亚科,是田间控制橘小实蝇的优势蜂种,在国外田间控制橘小实蝇已获得巨大成功,而国内应用寄生蜂田间控制橘小实蝇尚属空白。本研究室在研究中发现田间已有凡氏费氏茧蜂F.vandenbosch定殖,并室内繁殖成功。本文详细地描述了该寄生蜂的特征,旨在为田间应用奠定基础。     

芒果瘿蚊的三种寄生蜂

本文记述了采自广州芒果瘿蚊ＥｒｏｓｏｍｙｉａｍａｎｇｉｃｏｌａＳｈｉ的寄生蜂三种,姬小蜂科的桑氏长尾啮小蜂ＡｐｒｏｓｔｏｃｅｔｕｓｓａｎｋａｒａｎｉＢｏｕｃｅｋ,缨小蜂科的纳氏柄翅小蜂Ｇｏｎａｔｏｃｅｒｕｓｎａｒａｙａｎｉ（ＳｕｂｂａＲａｏ＆Ｋａｕｒ）和广腹细蜂科的芒果瘿蚊广腹细蜂Ｓｙｎｏｐｅａｓｓｐ．。其中,前两种为中国新记录种。     

麦蚜重寄生蜂的观察

一、麦蚜重寄生蜂的种类 在山东临清,寄生麦蚜茧蜂的5种寄生蜂中,以蚜虫跳小蜂Aphidencyrths aphidivorus为主,占67.3％;环腹瘿蜂Figites sp.第二位,占13.5％;黄足分盾细蜂Dendrocerus(Atritomellus)laticeps占9.6％,还有宽缘金小蜂Pachyneuron sp.,短腹柄腹金小蜂Asaphes sp.。在小麦灌浆前期以瘿蜂多见;小麦黄熟期以跳小蜂为主要种类。它们是蚜茧蜂僵蚜期的主要寄生天敌、麦蚜的重寄生蜂,是有害的。     

栎空腔瘿蜂及其天敌长尾小蜂种群数量消长动态

栎空腔瘿蜂Trichagalma acutissimae(Monzen)是危害栓皮栎Quercus variabilis Blume叶片的重要林业害虫,为我国新纪录种。近年来,在南太行山区的栓皮栎林内暴发成灾,长尾小蜂Torymus sp.是栎空腔瘿蜂的一种主要寄生性天敌,为明确栎空腔瘿蜂及其天敌长尾小蜂种群数量消长动态,为预测预报和综合治理提供依据,本文调查了栎空腔瘿蜂和长尾小蜂成虫种群动态以及长尾小蜂的寄生率。结果表明,长尾小蜂成虫种群数量及寄生率一年发生2个高峰,第1个高峰发生在5月中旬,第2个高峰发生在7月下旬;2011—2015年,无性世代虫瘿平均每株发生的数量分别为826.0、816.4、61.8、11.0和3.4个,平均每块粘虫板长尾小蜂成虫发生数量分别为39.00、46.33、19.30、13.33和8.30头,长尾小蜂总寄生率分别为39.7%、51.0%、61.1%、54.9%和29.5%。     

橘小实蝇3种本地寄生蜂的竞争作用

在室内研究了3种橘小实蝇幼虫寄生蜂切割潜蝇茧蜂、凡氏费氏茧蜂与长尾全裂茧蜂的竞争关系。结果表明,当寄生蜂数量相同时,切割潜蝇茧蜂或凡氏费氏茧蜂与长尾全裂茧蜂共同寄生橘小实蝇时,长尾全裂茧蜂的单头平均寄生率均占绝对优势,分别为13.5%、13.1%。寄生蜂数量不同且切割潜蝇茧蜂或凡氏费氏茧蜂的数量为长尾全裂茧蜂的2倍时,长尾全裂茧蜂单头平均寄生率分别为19.7%、18.4%,而切割潜蝇茧蜂和凡氏费氏茧蜂的单头平均寄生率分别为11.3%、9.7%,差异显著。当寄生蜂数量不同且长尾全裂茧蜂是切割潜蝇茧蜂或凡氏费氏茧蜂的2倍时,长尾全裂茧蜂的单头平均寄生率均为19.4%,而切割潜蝇茧蜂和凡氏费氏茧蜂的单头平均寄生率分别为7.6%、8.8%,差异显著。长尾全裂茧蜂的寄生率均显著高于其他2种蜂,长尾全裂茧蜂具有明显的竞争优势。     

浙江省杨梅园果蝇及其寄生性天敌种类多样性调查

首次系统地调查了浙江省杨梅主要产区果蝇及其寄生性天敌种群资源，明确了为害杨梅的果蝇主要类群及其寄生性天敌优势种类。采用形态学鉴定与COI分子生物学方法相结合，分析发现我省杨梅果蝇种类主要有6种：黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、斑翅果蝇D.suzukii、拟果蝇D.simulans、高桥氏果蝇D.takahashii、伊米果蝇D.immigrans和黑果蝇D.virile；浙江省杨梅果蝇寄生蜂有9种，分属于4个科，它们分别是茧蜂科Braconidae的开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara、环腹瘿蜂科Figitidae的丽匙胸瘿蜂属Ganaspis和小环腹瘿蜂属Leptopilina、锤角细蜂科Diapriidae的毛锤角细蜂属Trichopria和金小蜂科Pteromalidae的蝇蛹金小蜂属Pachycrepoideus。同时，不同年份杨梅果园果蝇种群数量变动较大，其中2018年各地区斑翅果蝇比例明显高于2019年。大部分地区（杭州除外）开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara寄生蜂数量明显多于其他寄生蜂，为浙江省果蝇优势寄生蜂。本文最后就各类寄生蜂生物学特性及其生防潜力进行了讨论，旨在为杨梅果园及其他果园果蝇害虫的生物防治提供基础资料。     

《寄生蜂末龄幼虫分类》简介

本书由T·芬利森和K·S·哈根合著,赵修复译,科学出版社1981年9月第一版。16开本50页,定价0.60元。本书作者根据已有的资料,扼要、系统地介绍了寄生蜂末龄幼虫分类特征与鉴定方法。内容包括标本制作技术,形态描述与分类等。列有末龄幼虫和(或)蛹分科检索表。在姬蜂总科部分分别列有姬蜂科、茧蜂科和蚜茧蜂科末龄幼虫分亚科检索表,并附有头壳构造图共54个。对小蜂总科、肿腿蜂总科、瘿蜂总科、旗腹蜂总科、细蜂总科和蜜蜂总科均分别指出了他们的主要分类鉴别特征,瘿蜂总科还具分科检索表。     

栗瘿长尾小蜂生物学特性及寄生效能观察

栗瘿长尾小蜂(Torymus sp.)属长尾小蜂科,长尾小蜂属,是北京郊区栗瘿蜂幼虫的重要天敌。据调查,自然寄生率一般为50%左右,最高可达90%以上,且寄生效果逐年增高。对栗瘿蜂发生有显著的抑制作用。栗瘿长尾小蜂过去在国内未见报道资料。     

茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖幼虫两种共有寄生蜂的鉴定

茶尺蠖Ectropis obliqua(Prout)及其近缘种灰茶尺蠖E.grisescens Warren是我国茶树上最为重要的两种食叶性害虫,茶尺蠖绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.和单白绵绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.是茶尺蠖Ectropis spp.幼虫期最重要的两种寄生性天敌昆虫。为了明确这两种绒茧蜂的物种名称及形态差别,同时探明这两种绒茧蜂是否是茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖的共有寄生蜂,本研究采集了我国8省22个地方的茶尺蠖或灰茶尺蠖幼虫,通过室内饲养获得两种绒茧蜂的标本,对标本进行形态鉴定;同时将两种绒茧蜂的COI基因序列与Bold数据库中已知物种进行比对。结果表明,从野生茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖幼虫中均饲养出之前报道的茶尺蠖绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.和单白绵绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.两种寄生蜂;形态鉴定和分子比对结果表明,这两种广义绒茧蜂Apanteles spp.实为尺蠖原绒茧蜂Protapanteles immunis(Haliday,1834)和单白绵副绒茧蜂Parapanteles hyposidrae(Wilkinson,1928)。本研究明确了40多年前国内报道的茶尺蠖幼虫期的两种绒茧蜂Apanteles spp.的物种名称和主要形态特征,确定了这两种绒茧蜂是茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖的共有寄生蜂,同时报道了一个中国新记录种尺蠖原绒茧蜂。研究结果为今后正确判定本地优势寄生蜂物种进而对茶尺蠖和灰茶尺蠖进行生物防治提供科学依据。     

新疆粮棉混作生态区茧蜂种类调查初报

报道了新疆南、北、东3个主要粮棉混作生态区茧蜂科种类14个亚科,28个属,63种；其中新疆新记录18种,国内新记录3种。调查分析表明：小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae、茧蜂亚科Bra- coninae、内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae和蚜茧蜂亚科Aphidiinae种类的数量在新疆粮棉混作生态区占明显优势地位。     

Preliminary inventory of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northern Ghana

Baseline studies were conducted to determine the parasitoids associated with fruit flies in the northern savanna ecology of Ghana. Fruit fly puparia obtained from incubation of 17 host fruit species were maintained in rearing cages for the emergence of parasitoid wasps. Four species of braconid parasitoids namely, Fopius caudatus (Szépligeti), Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson), Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti) and Diachasmimorpha fullawayi (Silvestri) were recovered. F. caudatus was the most abundant parasitoid (61.0%) reared from most host fruits while D. fullawayi was the least abundant (7.7%). The overall mean parasitism rate was 7.1% with the highest record in Annona senegalensis Pers., Sarcocepholus latifolium S. Bruce and Icacina senegalensis Juss. Ceratitis cosyra and Bactrocera invadens were the fruit fly species most commonly reared that produced F. caudatus, and to a lesser extent, P. cosyrae. The peak occurrence of the parasitoids coincided with the peak of the rains and the maturity period of many of the host fruits. This first inventory of tephritid parasitoids in Ghana provides critical baseline data for biological control efforts in the future.     

Weed Control

Abstract

The white powdery scale Cribrolecanium andersoni (Newstead), which occurs on citrus in South Africa and Swaziland, is of economic importance. The scale secretes honeydew on which sooty mould develops. Parasitoid sampling entailed the collection of C. andersoni‐infested leaves at seven different localities. Female and male Euxanthellus philippiae Silvestri (Aphelinidae), the female Coccophagus pulvinariae Compere (Aphelinidae), Metaphycus spp. (Encyrtidae), an unidentified encyrtid (probably a new genus), Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae) and a male Coccophagus sp. were found to be parasitoids of C. andersoni. E. philippiae and the unidentified encyrtid appeared to be the most common parasitoids of C. andersoni. No parasitoids were collected from first‐instar C. andersoni. The number of parasitized C. andersoni was the lowest during October to December.     

红点唇瓢虫生物学及其田间应用

红点唇瓢虫是蚧类天敌。分布23个省、市。可捕食5科27种蚧虫,幼虫日捕食日本蜡蚧1～2龄若虫199.3头,成虫捕食224～331头。一生共捕食31617头。由于觅食能力和繁殖能力较强,能够建立比较稳定的种群,对桑白盾蚧、卫矛矢尖盾蚧、柑桔绵蚧和日本蜡蚧等4种蚧虫,进行6次田间释放和保护利用试验,效果94％以上。     

The feather mites of the family Proctophyllodidae (acari, sarcoptiformes) from Nepalese birds

Eight species of birds of the families Fringillidae (3), Motacillidae (2), Prunellidae (1), Pycnonotidae (1) and Turdidae (1) were found to be parasitized by 8 species of the genus Proctophyllodes, 3 of them being new to science: P. danieli sp. n. from Pycnonotus leucogenys, P. macrophallus sp. n. from Prunella collaris and P. puniceus sp. n. from Pyrrhospiza punicea. Other species recorded are P. anthi, P. cotyledon, P. glandarinus, P. leucosticti and P. aff. poublani. All hosts were collected in the region of the Barun river valley in East Nepal in the altitude of 3,600-4,900 m a. s. l.     

Components of partial resistance in the slash pine-fusiform rust pathosystem

ABSTRACT Progeny of rust-resistant, open-pollinated slash pine families exhibited components of partial resistance in greenhouse tests. Nine-month-old seedlings of some resistant families had (i) a greater frequency of short galls (相似文献   

The role of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera) in natural control of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae: Diptera) and its temporal abundance in Sudan

Bactrocera zonata is an alien fruit fly which was introduced into Sudan in 2012 and spread throughout the country, severely hampering the production and export of fruit and vegetable crops. Cataloguing indigenous natural enemies of pests, especially parasitoids, is key to successful biological control programmes, to mitigate damage and decrease reliance on insecticides. This study was conducted to determine the parasitoids of B. zonata in two orchards in Gezira State, Sudan from November 2015 to May 2016 and from February to December, 2016 and to determine their role in natural control of the pest. Three parasitoids emerged from puparia of B. zonata, these were: Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae), an Aganaspis sp. (Figitidae: Eucoilinae) and a Psyttalia sp. (Braconidae Opiinae). Tetrastichus giffardianus was the most numerous parasitoid throughout the study period. The mean percentages of B. zonata from guava fruits that were parasitized by T. giffardianus for the whole study period were 13.7% and 13.2% with 3.1 ± 0.3 and 2.8 ± 2.4 parasitoids per puparium at Fadasi and Gazirat Elfil sites respectively. Data on the temporal abundance of T. giffardianus is presented. Strenuous efforts should be considered to involve the reported natural enemies of B. zonata in integrated management programmes for fruit flies in Sudan.     

Pests of the palm (Palmae sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) determined in Turkey and evaluation of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

This paper covers the palm ( Palmae sp.) and date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) pests which were determined by studies conducted in Turkey between 1941 and 2006. In total 15 species have been found to date: 1 belonging to Coccidae, 9 to Diaspididae, 1 to Margarodidae and 2 to Pseudococcidae families of the order Homoptera and 1 species to Scarabaeidae and 1 to Curculionidae families of the order Coleoptera. Among these pests, red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) has caused a great deal of damage in recent years.     

Control of Ancistrotermes guineensis Silvestri (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae), a pest of sugarcane in Chad

Within the last decade, there has been an increase in attacks on sugarcane in Chad by the fungus-growing termite Ancistrotermes guineensis Silvestri, with yield losses reaching 25%. Management of termite populations through control of the symbiotic fungus, Termitomyces medius Heim, was investigated using systemic fungicides. Following pre-screening, four products (Bavistin, Calixin, Erpacide and Sumi 8) were selected for field experiments, which evaluated a range of parameters. The mortality rate of the fungal comb reached 30% with a corresponding 20% increase in sugarcane yield.     

Two new nematode species, Paragendria papuanensis sp. n. (Seuratoidea) and Rhabdochona papuanensis sp. n. (Thelazioidea), from freshwater fishes in Papua New Guinea

Two new nematode species, Paragendria papuanensis sp. n. (Quimperiidae) and Rhabdochona papuanensis sp. n. (Rhabdochonidae), are described from the intestine of freshwater fishes Glossamia giellerupi (Weber et Beaufort) (Apogonidae) and Melanotaenia affinis (Weber) (Melanotaeniidae), respectively, from the Sogeram River (Ramu River basin), Madang Province, northern Papua New Guinea. The former species is characterized mainly by the absence of oesophageal teeth, the presence of conspicuously inflated papillae of the last two subventral pairs, a gubernaculum, spicules 69-75 microm long, eggs measuring 57-66 x 39-45 microm, and by a small body (male and female 3.2-3.7 and 5.8 mm long, respectively). Paragendria is considered a valid genus, to which P. aori (Khan et Yaseen, 1969) comb. n., P. guptai (Gupta et Masoodi, 2000) comb. n., P. hanumanthai (Gupta et Jaiswal, 1988) comb. n. and P. vermae (Gupta et Masoodi, 2000) comb. n. are newly transferred. Rhabdochona papuanensis differs from all congeners mainly in having hammer-shaped deirids and from individual species also in other characters. Both findings represent the first records of species of Paragendria and Rhabdochona from the Australian zoogeographical region and the first records of the representatives of these genera from fishes of the families Apogonidae and Melanotaeniidae, respectively.