合肥地区检疫性实蝇监测调查

应用实蝇引诱剂和诱饵，在安徽合肥地区实蝇的适生区设点诱捕实蝇，调查合肥地区检疫性实蝇的发生情况。结果表明：合肥地区发生的检疫性实蝇种类仅为具条实绳，其发生高峰期在每年8月份，发生程度逐年加重，瓜实蝇诱剂对其诱集效果较好。     

利用GIS和GPS技术辅助检疫性实蝇监测的建议

20世纪80年代初我国就开始应用地中海实蝇引诱剂(Trimedlure)、桔小实蝇引诱剂(Methyl eugenol)和瓜实蝇引诱剂(Cuelure)等引诱剂以及Steiner诱捕器在中国南方部分地区开展了检疫性实蝇监测工作.1994年起,为适应国家植物检疫的新形势,在全国口岸大面积开展对地中海实蝇的监测.     

老挝中北部地区果实蝇属(Bactuocera)害虫种类初步调查

2008年4月至2009年3月,在老挝境内应用性引诱剂对琅南塔、乌多姆赛、琅勃拉邦和万象4省进行了实蝇诱捕.放置了24个诱捕器,诱捕到果实蝇属(Bactrocera)实蝇1233头,15种.其中,琅勃拉邦省实蝇种类最多;橘小实蝇种群数量最大;瓜实蝇、南瓜实蝇、颜带实蝇、橘小实蝇、锈实蝇分布最广.     

四川实蝇的监测

报道了2000～2002年用Me、Cue、Tri3种实蝇性诱剂和水解蛋白在四川47县(市、区)370个点的实蝇监测结果。结果表明，共监测到实蝇9种，其中新记录种1种；资料记载的瓜实蝇、蜜柑大实蝇、纤小实蝇和盾条实蝇在本期调查中未发现；各种实蝇未扩大分布区域；桔小实蝇和南瓜实蝇的种群数量有上升的趋势。     

杀虫灯与引诱剂组合使用对猕猴桃橘小实蝇的诱捕效果

研究了2018—2019年贵州猕猴桃上的橘小实蝇发生规律、趋光行为、不同诱集方法包括杀虫灯,引诱剂及杀虫灯与引诱剂组合使用对橘小实蝇成虫的诱捕效果。结果表明,7—9月为橘小实蝇的盛发期,其对540 nm的绿色光波有明显趋性。杀虫灯、诱捕器及其组合使用对橘小实蝇均有诱杀效果。其中,杀虫灯平均诱虫量为31头/诱捕器;甲基丁香酚实蝇诱捕剂平均诱虫量为201.67头/诱捕器,与其他引诱剂差异显著;杀虫灯与甲基丁香酚实蝇诱捕剂组合使用的平均诱虫量为509.67头/诱捕器,诱捕效果显著优于其他处理。杀虫灯与引诱剂组合使用可显著提高橘小实蝇成虫诱捕总量。     

简述引诱剂在实蝇防治中的作用

引诱剂是实蝇类害虫监测、调查和防治中最重要的手段之一,被广泛采用。本文对实蝇引诱剂的种类与诱捕范围进行了总结,并简述了引诱剂在实蝇防治中的监测与防治作用。     

3种实蝇专用饵剂对实蝇类害虫的诱集效果研究

对性诱剂、昆虫物理诱黏剂、橘小实蝇专用食物引诱剂、橘大实蝇专用食物引诱剂、瓜实蝇专用食物引诱剂这5种实蝇诱剂进行比较试验,结果表明,性诱剂诱集橘小实蝇的数量显著多于其余4种诱剂,物理诱黏剂、3种实蝇食诱剂均可同时诱集橘小实蝇、南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇,诱虫量以瓜实蝇食诱剂和物理诱黏剂最好。性诱剂、诱黏剂和食诱剂各具特点、互有长短,生产应用中可配合使用。     

柑橘大实蝇诱杀方法研究及防治效果初步评估

通过对柑橘大实蝇诱捕器悬挂高度及悬挂方位的效果比较,结果表明,诱捕器在树冠中层悬挂最为合适,与悬挂高度无关;诱捕器在阴面或者平地北面效果最好,阳面最差。诱杀柑橘大实蝇的合适配方为5%橙汁 5%水解蛋白 5%酒或5%红糖液 5%橙汁 5%水解蛋白。在柑橘大实蝇不同防治方法中,结合防治效果、成本及生态影响评估结果表明,诱杀方法最为合适。     

缅甸第四特区实蝇类害虫调查

2001～2003年连续3年5～10月对缅甸第四特区检疫性实蝇类害虫进行疫情监测.在第四特区3年共设置了60个监测点,应用性引诱剂和诱饵诱集实蝇成虫,结合田间观察和室内饲养,初步查明检疫性实蝇害虫种类有12种,其中优势种为橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis),其次为瓜实蝇(Bactrocera cucurbitae)和南瓜实蝇.5～7月为实蝇类害虫发生的高峰期,种群数量以6月份最多.     

新西兰实蝇诱捕监测新系统

新西兰已采用一种新的实蝇诱捕监测系统。Ｌｙｎｆｉｅｌｄ诱捕器和Ｎａｋａｇａｎａ诱饵捕捉器已取代了杰克逊诱捕器。     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能，在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下，研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明，胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短，不取食烟粉虱，其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱，捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型；胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌），对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）；雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明，胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强，是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

检疫性害虫南亚果实蝇生物学及控制技术

南亚果实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)tau(Walker)]是黄瓜、南瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜等多种果蔬作物上的一种重要检疫性害虫。近年来在我国多个省市发生危害,发生程度呈加重和扩大蔓延的趋势,对瓜果作物造成了严重的经济损失。本文概述了南亚果实蝇的发生危害规律、生物学特性,提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、诱集灭虫、雄性不育技术和保护天敌等防治措施。     

多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究

在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

云杉落针病测报技术研究

在舟曲沙滩林场设立固定标准地,进行云杉落针病病菌孢子捕捉和病情调查,用回归预测法对病害进行预测。结果表明:病害流行与降雨、气温关系密切。以前1年4～7月月平均气温(X₁)、月平均降雨量(X₂)、月平均相对湿度(X₃)、温雨比(X₄)、温湿比(X₅)为自变因子,用多元线性回归建立预测模型。模型预测准确、精度高。     

伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

室内条件下研究了伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用。结果表明：伪钝绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,搜寻效率a′与处理时间Th值分别为0.5902、1.0025、0.9697、0.3146和0.0150、0.0240、0.0520、0.1681。伪钝绥螨的雌成螨喜食二斑叶螨的卵、幼螨和若螨,而对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力较弱。伪钝绥螨捕食率随着自身密度的增加而下降。捕食者密度低时,捕食率下降较快;随着捕食者密度进一步增加,捕食率下降缓慢,干扰反应方程拟合为E=0.3101P~（-0.412）。