两种鲤鱼对侵袭性病原体及嗜水气单胞菌抗病力的比较

调查同塘饲养的高寒鲤，散鳞镜鲤当年鱼对侵袭性病原体及人工感染嗜水气单胞菌耐受力进行比较，侵袭性病原体检出8种，其中绦虫只有散鳞镜鲤感染，感染率达到29％，其余种类二种鲤鱼体表，鳃都有寄生，但寄生的程度有所不同，高寒鲤的抵抗力要比散鳞镜鲤强，对人工感染的嗜水气单胞菌的耐受力高寒鲤比散镜鲤高，这可能与品种对病原菌耐性不同有关。     

松浦红镜鲤形态学特征及主要经济性状的初步研究

将松浦红镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio Songpu red mirror)、散鳞镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.mirror)和荷包红鲤(Cyprinus carpio red var.Vuguanensis)抗寒品系乌仔各705尾放养到0.047hm~2池塘中,同塘培育到鱼种;春片鱼种各500尾放养到0.2hm~2池塘中;各池塘的投喂和饲养管理相同,按GB/T18654.2-2008和GB/T18654.3-2008标准测定鱼体质量和形态性状。结果显示,松浦红镜鲤体长/体高、体长/尾柄高、体长/头长、头长/吻长大于散鳞镜鲤和荷包红鲤抗寒品系;三个品种的8个可量比例性状主成分分析构建的3个主成分贡献率分别为:50.94%、17.08%、13.68%,累计贡献率达81.70%;主成分散点图显示,松浦红镜鲤聚成独立一簇,与其他品种明显区分;特定增重率、相对增重率、净增重、饲养成活率及越冬成活率等主要经济性状均显著高于荷包红鲤抗寒品系(P0.05),但与散鳞镜鲤无明显差异。     

额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼单殖吸虫群落多样性及感染情况

研究贝加尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus baicalensis)感染的单殖吸虫的群落多样性及感染情况,为额尔齐斯河鱼类寄生虫病防治提供基础资料。2009年8月到2016年7月,剖检贝加尔雅罗鱼296尾,共感染了6种单殖吸虫,分别为号筒指环虫(Dactylogyrus tuba Linstow,1878)、双髻指环虫(D. sphyra Linstow, 1878)、小刺指环虫（D. micracanthus Nybelin,1937）、多小枝指环虫（D. ramulosus Malewitzkaja,1941）、普氏三代虫（Gyrodactylus prostate Erergns,1963）和斯氏拟双身虫（Paradiplozoon skrjabini Achmerov,1974）;贝加尔雅罗鱼单殖吸虫的总感染率为20.27 %,平均感染强度为3.05只/尾(1~18只/尾),平均感染丰度为(0.62±2)只/尾;混合感染率相对较低,仅占2.36%;各单殖吸虫的感染率均小于10%,平均感染强度均小于5,其中小刺指环虫为优势种;在5个体长段中,在14cm≤L＜16cm体长段感染单殖吸虫的种类、感染率及感染强度均达到最高;体长段之间的多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数及丰富度指数结果相差不大,不同体长段宿主中单殖吸虫种群的分布类型均为聚集分布;体长段14cm≤L＜16cm与16cm≤L感染强度差异显著,其余体长段之间的感染强度差异均不显著。     

池养野鲤与杂交鲤生长和摄食节律的研究

在池养条件下,比较了野鲤(Cyprinus carpio)与杂交鲤(兴国红鲤♀×散鳞镜鲤♂)生长和摄食节律的异同。试验结果表明,杂交鲤具有10％的体重生长优势,但食用价值低5.7％。显示不出更多的经济效益。野鲤和杂交鲤的食性相同,且有相同的摄食节律。饱满指数的昼夜变化与溶氧量和水温的昼夜变化相当吻合,它们之间的关系可用多元回归方程定量表示。     

伊犁河流域新疆裸重唇鱼寄生三代虫的感染情况及空间分布

2019年对新疆伊犁河流域巩乃斯河段鱼类进行寄生虫病原调查过程中发现,在新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii)体表有三代虫寄生,经形态学特征及分子生物学鉴定确定为同一种三代虫,定为新种(暂未公布)。为了解该三代虫在新疆裸重唇鱼鳍条上的寄生特点,运用统计学方法对新疆裸重唇鱼鳍条寄生三代虫的感染情况及空间分布特点进行分析。结果显示:在检查的69尾新疆裸重唇鱼中,共检出459只同种三代虫,总感染率和平均感染丰度分别为91.3%和(6.65±5.24);统计三代虫在各个鳍条的感染率,腹鳍的感染率最高为78%,尾鳍感染率最低为41%,在宿主胸鳍与尾鳍之间的感染强度差异显著;三代虫随着宿主体长的增大,其感染率、感染丰度和强度逐渐上升,在14～19 cm体长组达到最高,不同大小的宿主其感染强度之间差异显著。结果表明,新疆裸重唇鱼寄生三代虫对宿主体长及鳍条具有一定的选择偏好性,更偏好寄生于体长14～19 cm的宿主的胸鳍。三代虫在宿主种群中的分布类型为聚集分布和均匀分布。     

乌克兰鳞鲤二、三倍体血液生理指标的比较研究

乌克兰鳞鲤（Cyprinus carpio），是鲤属引进的养殖品种，该品种F1代苗种已在天津、河北、辽宁、黑龙江等省市部分地区进行了连续2年生产性养殖对比试验，增产效果显著。血液是动物体内一种非常重要的组织，正常血液指标值能反映种的属性和正常的生理状态。鱼类血液学方面的研究有文献报道，但对于乌克兰鳞鲤的血液研究资料甚少。     

黑龙江和长江散鳞镜鲤群体的种质差异分析

本文检测分析黑龙江和长江地区散鳞镜鲤Cyprinus carpio群体的主要生物学特征、生长性能、生化遗传特性。结果表明:长江群体后代鳞被分离较大;全长/体长、体长/体高、体长/体厚、体长/头长、体长/头高、头长/头高、尾柄长/尾柄高等可量性状差异显著。黑龙江群体较长江群体在1龄鱼阶段具有生长优势,2龄鱼生长无明显差异。2个群体1龄和2龄鱼的成活率无明显差异。测量不同酶在不同组织中的活性,结果发现长江散鳞镜鲤与黑龙江散鳞镜鲤在酯酶和乙醇脱氢酶的谱带活性具有一定的差异,淀粉酶、超氧化歧化酶、苹果酸脱氢酶及其他酶的带型和活性差异不明显。     

三代虫病Gyrodactyliasis

三代虫病是由三代虫寄生于鱼类体表和鳃而引起的疾病.为我国三类疫病.一、病原学病原为三代虫(Gyrodactylus spp.) ,属单殖吸虫纲(Monogenoidea)三代虫目(Gyrodactylidea)三代虫科(Gyrodactylidae)三代虫属(Gyrodactylus).是一类常见的鱼类体外寄生虫.三代虫现已报道400余种,常见的种类有:大西洋鲑唇齿鳚三代虫(Gyrodactylus salaris)、鲩三代虫(G.ctenopharyngodontis)、鲢三代虫(G.hypopthalmichthysi)、金鱼中型三代虫(G.medius)、金鱼细锚三代虫(G.sprostonae)和金鱼秀丽三代虫(G.elegans).     

金鱼三代虫病的诊断与防治

三代虫(Gyrodactylus)隶属于扁形动物门、单殖吸虫纲、三代虫目、三代虫科,一般寄生于海水和淡水鱼类的鳃、体表及鳍条。三代虫与指环虫一样具有较强的宿主特异性,种类较多,已报道的种类达400余种。三代虫个体大多较小,虫体长叶形,体长一般为0.2～1.0毫米,运动方式如尺蠖。虫体前端1对头器,无眼点;后端为几丁质组成的伞状后吸器,其上有1对中央大钩和8对边缘小钩;虫体中部的胚体内有1～2代子代。     

蓝色鳞（Cyprinus carpio blue vat）的细胞遗传学分析

采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素，肾细胞短期培养，常规空气干燥法制备蓝色鳞鲤染色体，对100个中期分裂相记数统计，确定蓝色鳞鲤（Cyprinus carpio blue var）的染色体数为2n=100。测得核型参数按Levan等的染色体划分标准得出：蓝色鳞鲤有15对中部着丝点染色体（m）；13对亚中部着丝点染色体（sin...     

Genetic relationships among members of the Ichthyobodo necator complex: implications for the management of aquaculture stocks

Abstract Ichthyobodo necator (costia) is a common and important flagellate parasite that infests the skin and gills of many freshwater and marine fish. Costia infestations are often fatal and cause significant aquaculture losses worldwide. Recently it has been demonstrated that Ichthyobodo is a multispecies complex with differing host preferences. Knowing if those species have broad or narrow host specificity has important implications for the management of costia. To address the question of host specificity, genomic DNA was isolated from Ichthyobodo trophonts collected from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, koi, Cyprinus carpio, mirror carp, C. carpio, goldfish, Carassius auratus, channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri, and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene from each isolate was analysed with previously published Ichthyobodo sequences using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) from six isolates were also PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Both the SSU rRNA phylogenetic analysis and the ITS rRNA sequence data support grouping the 22 Ichthyobodo isolates examined into a complex of nine different species. Many of these species were frequently isolated from multiple hosts, indicating that exchange of infested fish from one region to another has a high potential for spreading the disease. In one instance, the same species was obtained from marine and freshwater fish, further suggesting that certain Ichthyobodo species may not be limited by salinity.     

Microhabitat selection of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg on different salmonids

The microhabitat selection of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris (Lærdalselva strain, Norway) was investigated concurrently with studies on the parasite population growth on five strains of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and a strain of Danish rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The salmon used were hatchery‐reared parr of East Atlantic strains [River Conon (Scotland), River Storå (western Denmark) and River Ätran (western Sweden)] and Baltic strains [Lule and Ume (eastern Sweden)]. The location and numbers of parasites were recorded on anaesthetized fish once a week from week 0 to week 8. The mean abundance of G. salaris steadily increased to high levels on the River Conon, Storå and Ätran strains until the end of the experiment. The mean abundance of G. salaris on the two Baltic strains (River Lule älv and River Ume älv) initially increased but after 4–7 weeks the growth of the parasite infrapopulations decreased markedly. The Danish rainbow trout strain showed the lowest abundances of all the fish species and strains. Gyrodactylus salaris preferentially selected the fins and head region when colonising the hosts (all species and strains). Increasing percentages of G. salaris on the tail fins of the East Atlantic strains and rainbow trout were found during the course of infection, whereas the two Baltic salmon strains experienced a decreasing percentage of parasites in this microhabitat.     

Long-term effects of human influence on fish community structure and fisheries in Berlin waters: an urban water system

Commercial catch and fisheries monitoring data were compared with hydrological and water course characteristics conditions to identify the cause of changes in fisheries production in Berlin water courses since the 1950s. The urban parts of Berlin are densely populated, and the waters are under pressure from shipping, hydraulic engineering, pollution and recreation use. Most Berlin waters are polytrophic or hypertrophic, with an annual nutrient input of 595 t of total phosphorous and 8640 t of total nitrogen. A total of 34 fish species were recorded, eight of which were introduced. According to historical records, seven native fish species are extinct or missing. At present, the fish community is dominated by a few eurytopic species, i.e. roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), common bream, Abramis brama (L.), silver bream, Blicca bjoerkna (L.), and perch, Perca fluviatilis L., which contribute 85% of all individuals caught. Two 'faunal breaks' were identified. The first was the changing of river character from a barbel to bream zone caused by damming and river regulation. This started in the thirteenth century and ended at the beginning of the twentieth century with the extinction of anadromous fishes. The second break was during the 1960s and 1970s, with the eutrophication of Berlin waters and the near total loss of submerged macrophytes. All phytophilic fish species declined greatly and a mass development of eurytopic species started. The catch of pike, Esox lucius L., common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and tench, Tinca tinca (L.), became negligible, and at present, eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), and pikeperch, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.), are the main commercial fish species. Concomitantly, the profitability of the fisheries declined and was linked to a decrease in the number of people employed in fisheries by more than 75% compared with 1950.     

Mycobacteria isolated from Chesapeake Bay fish

Mycobacteriosis in fish can result in ulcers, emaciation, and in some cases death. Mycobacteria have been previously isolated from a variety of Chesapeake Bay fish species, and the current study was designed to identify potential host specificity and location fidelity of mycobacterial isolates. Mycobacteria were isolated from wild fish of the Chesapeake Bay collected from the Upper Bay, the Choptank River, Herring Bay, the Chicamacomico River, the Pocomoke River and the Potomac River in 2003–2006. Mycobacterial isolates were recovered from striped bass, Morone saxatilis , Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus , white perch, Morone americana , summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus , spot, Leiostomus xanthurus , largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , common carp, Cyprinus carpio carpio , spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus , killifish, Fundulus sp., blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis , American gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum and American silver perch, Bairdiella chrysoura . Twenty-nine well-defined mycobacterial groups resulted from gas chromatography dendrogram clustering of isolates. The majority of groups included more than one host species and more than one site of collection. However, four groups contained only striped bass isolates, three of which were similar to M. shottsii . Therefore, multiple Chesapeake Bay fish species are colonized with multiple mycobacterial isolates, of which few appear to be host or location specific.     

The use of two nature-like fishways by some fish species in the Swedish River Emån

Abstract –  We studied the use of two nature-like fishways by 15 fish species ( N  = 240) in the River Emån in southern Sweden. Use of the fishways for both passage and as a habitat was studied by electrofishing, trap catches and PIT telemetry. Of the 187 PIT-tagged fish, 52 individuals from 10 different species ascended one of the fishways for a total passage efficiency of 74%. For the five species that most frequently ascended the fishways, the passage efficiency was 100% for tench ( Tinca tinca L.) and perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.), 86% for chub ( Leuciscus cephalus L.), 60% for burbot ( Lota lota L.) and 50% for roach ( Rutilus rutilus L.). Individuals that failed to pass the fishways were typically small cyprinids or species that were assumed to have taken up residence in the fishways, such as juvenile brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.) and burbot. The nature-like fishways have re-established longitudinal connectivity for most of the studied species and also functioned as rearing and winter habitat for a number of species.     

A comparison of swimming capacity and energy use in seven European freshwater fish species

Abstract –  Migrating fish species with different swimming capacities and energy use show different capacities for passing obstacles between habitats, such as culverts and fish ladders. Here, we present an integrated study on swimming capacity and energetic use in seven European freshwater fish species with different ranges of migration (brown trout Salmo trutta L., European perch Perca fluviatilis L., roach Rutilus rutilus L., common carp Cyprinus carpio L., gudgeon Gobio gobio L., bullhead Cottus gobio L. and stone loach Barbatula barbatula L.). Critical ( U _crit), optimal ( U _opt) and maximum ( U _max) swimming speed and oxygen consumption ( M O₂) were analysed and showed values correlated to migration capacity with highest swimming capacities in trout and roach and lowest in stone loach and bullhead. The resulting data can be used to make estimates of maximum passable water speeds in culverts. In conclusion, long-distance migrators show higher swimming capacities and can potentially clear obstacles easier than short distance migrators with lower swimming capacities. Even small obstacles (<25 cm) could be a barrier for genetic exchange between populations in short-distance migrators.     

Winter distribution and habitat use by fish in a regulated lowland river system of south-east England

The macrohabitat preferences of 1+ fish (10 cm FL) and the microhabitat use of 0+ juvenile fishes in the River Lee catchment (UK) were examined from data collected over a 3-year period between late autumn and early spring using depletion sampling and point abundance sampling, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis and habitat profiles revealed preferences in the more rheophilous fish species (e.g. brown trout, Salmo trutta L . , barbel, Barbus barbus (L.)) for features characteristic of upstream natural channels and meander sections of the by-passed old river, with the more ubiquitous (e.g. perch, Perca fluviatilis L.) and limnophilous fishes [e.g. pike, Esox lucius L . , tench, Tinca tinca (L.)] preferring habitats mainly in downstream channelised stretches. The microhabitat of 0+ juvenile fishes in the River Lee was similar to that reported elsewhere for the same species, influenced mainly by channel width, depth, and distance from the bank, though microhabitat overlap in 0+ roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), and gudgeon, Gobio gobio (L.), was greater in the Lee than observed in larger, more open river systems.     

长江朱杨段和沱江富顺段鱼类体内6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

于2010年9-11月在长江干流朱杨江段采集到8种鱼类标本,分别为圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus)、鲫(Cyprinus auratus)、铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)、圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)、鲇(Silurus asotus)。在该江段上游支流沱江富顺江段采集到5种鱼类标本,分别为鲤、鲫、大鳍鱯(Mystus macropterus)、大眼鳜、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)。各种鱼的样本量为6～12尾。采用快速溶剂萃取及气相色谱法对各标本鱼体内的6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行了检测。结果显示,在两个江段的各种鱼类标本体内检测到邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己基酯(DEHP);在所有鱼体样本中均未检出邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DnOP)。在长江干流朱杨江段所采集到的8种鱼中圆筒吻鮈体内邻苯二甲酸酯的总量(∑PAEs)最高,为(1 818.32±190.88)μg/kg。在沱江富顺江段采集到的5种鱼中鲤体内∑PAEs最高,其含量为(790.60±76.04)μg/kg。在长江朱杨段和沱江富顺段两采集地的相同种类有3种,其中鲤和大眼鳜各自体内的∑PAEs之间的差异不显著,但朱杨段鲫体内的∑PAEs含量显著高于富顺段鲫体内的含量。结果表明,长江朱杨段及支流沱江富顺段的鱼体均受到了PAEs的污染,而长江干流朱杨段的污染程度要稍高于其上游支流沱江富顺段。     

Identification of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) species parasitizing salmonid fish using DNA probes

Abstract. Oligonucleolides GsV4B, GdV4 and GtV4, complementary to sequences from Gyrodactylus Salaris, G. derjavini and G. truttae , respectively, were designed following examination of the sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene from each species. The oligonucleotides were end-labelled with digoxigenin for use us species-specific probes. The V4 region of the srRNA gene was amplified from individual gyrodactylids using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and aliquots of the PCR products werespotted onto nylon membrane. Optimum conditions for hybridization of the oligonucleotide probes to these samples were determined. The use of these three probes against aliquots of PCR product provides an objective, sensitive and specific method suitable for routine diagnostic use in identifying Gyrodactylus species found on salmonid fish, but cannot be used to distinguish G. salaris and G. thymulli .     

嘉陵江渠化对主要经济鱼类产卵场的影响

为探究嘉陵江渠化对主要经济鱼类产卵场的影响,2019年3-4月,采用历史资料搜集、访问调查和实地勘察的方法,并结合DNA条形码技术鉴定野外采集的样品。结果显示,原有60个主要经济鱼类产卵场中,41个已经消失,14个存在但已经发生改变,只有5个基本未改变;从产卵场数量、类型和规模来看,均呈减少趋势,仍存在的主要为鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）产卵场。共鉴定鱼卵1 362粒、鱼苗539尾,隶属2目2科12种。鱼卵仅3种,其中,鲤1039粒,占比76.28%;鲫312粒,占比22.91%;红鳍原鲌（Cultrichthys erythropterus）11粒,占比0.81%。鱼苗11种,包括鲤、鲫、马口鱼（Opsariichthys bidens）、麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、峨眉鱊（Acheilognathus omeiensis）、大鳍鱊（Acheilognathus macropterus）、兴凯鱊（Acheilognathus chankaensis）、?（Hemiculter leucisculus）、短须颌须鮈（Gnathopogon imberbis）、子陵吻虾虎鱼（Rhinogobius giurinus）、粘皮鲻虾虎鱼（Mugilogobius myxodermus）;其中,兴凯鱊最多,有372尾,占比69.02%;其次为鲫59尾,占比10.95%;鲤57尾,占比10.58%;其他占比仅9.46%。研究表明,产卵场的改变主要集中在水文情势、河床底质和水生植物等方面,梯级水电站开发和采砂作业等导致河道变宽、水位上升、流速降低、卵石漫滩等生境消失、水生植物生物量减少,是原有产卵场消失或改变的主要原因。