滇池金线鲃对椭圆背角无齿蚌寄生效果的研究

滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）为云南滇池特有鱼类,选用滇池金线鲃作为椭圆背角无齿蚌（Anodonta woodiana elliptica）的寄生鱼,并对第1次和第2次寄生效果进行分析。结果表明,钩介幼虫主要寄生在鳍条（背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍和尾鳍）以及鳃丝上,也有少量个体寄生在颌须、鼻瓣膜、...     

三角帆蚌钩介幼虫在5种寄主鱼体寄生效果的比较

选用黄颡鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲫作为三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的寄主鱼,分析了寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度和寄苗时间对5种鱼初始寄苗量的影响,并对寄生在这5种鱼上的钩介幼虫发育情况进行了观察。结果表明:无论高密度寄苗还是低密度寄苗,长时间寄苗还是短时间寄苗,黄颡鱼和草鱼的寄苗量都明显高于鲢、鳙和鲫。提高寄苗悬液钩介幼虫密度,寄主鱼的寄苗量显著增加,但增加寄苗时间,寄主鱼的寄苗量未见显著提高。黄颡鱼和草鱼的稚蚌脱苗率显著高于鲢、鳙和鲫,寄生在鲢、鳙和鲫鳃上的钩介幼虫约80%未发育至稚蚌便提前脱落。不论在寄苗量方面,还是在稚蚌脱苗率方面,黄颡鱼和草鱼均是三角帆蚌钩介幼虫的最佳寄主。     

野生金线鲃人工驯养与繁育试验

<正>金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami),又名金线鱼、油鱼,属于鲤形目金线鲃属,为野生濒危物种之一,是联合国《濒危野生动物名录》其中一种,国家级保护动物。金线鲃是云南多见的名贵鱼类,种类多,有滇池金线鲃、尖头金线鲃、易门金线鲃等。云南的金线鲃以滇池金线鲃较为出名,但由于滇池的水体污染严重,在20世纪90年代中期野生滇池金线鲃已基本灭绝。通过开展鱼类资源的影响评价,结果表明金线鲃在境内种群衰退严重,濒临灭绝,水域生态系统遭受破坏。更好的保护和利用好金线     

滇池金线鲃池塘种草健康养殖技术

<正>滇池金线鲃地方名金线鱼、小洞鱼,主要分布于云南滇池水域,为云南特有高原淡水鱼类,在云南重点培育推广。本试验在滇池金线鲃鱼种池种植沉水性植物金鱼藻,利用金鱼藻吸收水体中的氮磷等富营养物质,净化养殖水体环境,为滇池金线鲃提供良好的生长环境。其目的在于探索一种滇池金线鲃的池塘健康养殖模式,为其推     

钩介幼虫

正病原或病因钩介幼虫是淡水双壳类的幼虫,较为常见的有背角无齿蚌(Anodona woodiana)、杜氏珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)的钩介幼虫。体背两片几丁质壳,闭壳肌中有一根细长的足丝。临床症状钩介幼虫可以寄生在鱼体的吻部、鳃丝、体表等处(见图1),造成寄生部位组织增生,微血管     

滇池金线鲃规模化繁育的几点经验

正一、注重亲鱼培育滇池金线鲃亲鱼应单池培育,适当搭配少量云南光唇鱼。云南光唇鱼为植食性鱼类(主要以丝状藻为食),摄食能力强,一般在水体中上层摄食配合饲料。滇池金线鲃因其半洞穴性栖息习性,对光线敏感,在水体中下层摄食。亩放规格50~80克/尾的滇池金线鲃200~300千克,搭配2龄云南光唇鱼150~200尾或3~4龄云南光唇鱼50尾。夏秋季水温较高,应加强饲料投喂,并在饲料中添加复合维生素,日投喂量占鱼体重的3%左     

背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究

选用黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)作为寄主鱼,研究了背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的过程、生物学零度和有效积温等重要生物学特征。结果显示,背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫在黄颡鱼的鳃丝、鳍条或须上均能完成变态发育。在水温(25±1)℃时,寄生期为8 d。钩介幼虫腹缘先与寄主鱼体表组织接触,寄生后5 h,大部分被鱼体组织包裹;第2天,内幼虫足丝消失,钩介幼虫全部被包在包囊中;随着钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的进行,其壳颜色逐渐加深;第7天,变成黑色不透明,并有少量钩介幼虫变态为稚蚌;第8天,稚蚌脱落达到高峰期;第9天,稚蚌全部脱落。在寄生阶段,钩介幼虫壳长、壳高和铰合部长未发生显著变化。钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的生物学零度为12.8℃,有效积温为100.2℃.d。     

滇池金线鲃“鲃优1号”

正滇池金线鲃曾是滇池流域的经济鱼类,是滇池沿岸渔民的主要渔获对象,因其肉质鲜美被列为"云南四大名鱼"之首。但20世纪60年代以后,酷渔滥捕、围湖造田、水质污染和盲目引种,其种使群数量急剧下降,1986年已在滇池湖体消失,仅在湖周少数支流的溪流和泉池中保存有少量个体。1989年,滇池金线鲃被列为国家II级保护动物。为了保护这一珍稀濒危物种,2000年起,中国科学院昆明动物研究所开始对滇池流域滇池金线鲃的数量、分布、栖息地、摄食生态及     

滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃及其杂交F1代抵抗小瓜虫与车轮虫能力的探究

用小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)和车轮虫(Trichodina spp.)对滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)和西畴金线鲃(S.xichouensis)及其杂交F1代分别进行了两次人工感染实验。18月龄的杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)和西畴金线鲃(S.xichouensis)感染小瓜虫后平均死亡率分别为(50.00±11)%、(56.70±23)%、(80.0±18)%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于父本西畴金线鲃。6月龄杂交F1代、滇池金线鲃、西畴金线鲃感染车轮虫后的平均死亡率分别为(40.56±13)%、(56.11±5)%、(42.78±13)%。经方差检验杂交F1代死亡率显著低于母本滇池金线鲃。在感染小瓜虫和车轮虫后,三种鱼的死亡量均呈现激增后又显著回落的趋势,死亡高峰在第4天至第7天。本次感染实验的小瓜虫和车轮虫主要分布于病鱼体表:躯干分布最多57%~79%,其次为鳍12%~28%,头部分布较少4%~15%。与本研究中车轮虫几乎于鳃丝无分布(0%~3%)不同,有大约10%~20%的小瓜虫分布于鳃丝上。     

金鱼单殖吸虫病及其防治

单殖吸虫是体型较小的寄生虫。其种类很多,除少数种类营腔寄生(口腔、鼻腔、膀胱)以外,绝大多数寄生在鱼类的体表、鳍条和鳃上。单殖吸虫的幼虫发育,不需经过变态和无性繁殖,也没有中间宿主,而直接发育为成虫。由于单殖吸虫寄生在体表和鳃上,用它的附着器官(钩子和铗子等)钩住鳃丝,破坏鳃组织,刺激鳃细胞分泌过多     

不同营养状态水体对和鱇白鱼肝脏酶活性的影响

(Hemiculter leucisculus)和鱇白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)分别是抚仙湖的外来鱼类和土著鱼类。研究了不同营养状态(低、中、高)水体中二者肝脏酶活性的变化;其中,低营养状态水体组是中、高营养水体组的对照。养殖40d后,随着水体营养状态的提高,和鱇白鱼肝脏中的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均逐渐降低;中、高营养水体中歺鱼又的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性显著低于对照组,而3个处理组鱇白鱼的超氧化物岐化酶活性没有显著差异。由此推测,富营养化有可能减弱歺鱼又和鱇白鱼肝脏的正常功能,而歺鱼又在高营养水体中可能更容易受到氧化胁迫的威胁。     

昆明裂腹鱼人工繁殖技术研究

于2003年8月起进行野生昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)亲鱼培育研究,并2009年5月3日—9日进行了人工繁殖技术和鱼苗培育实验。结果显示:野生昆明裂腹鱼在人工驯化养殖条件下,能在池塘内正常生长发育。亲鱼初次性成熟年龄为4龄,雌鱼以5～6龄最佳。采用二次胸鳍基部注射,催产孵化水温为14～17℃,效应时间平均为46h,平均孵化时间为176 h,鱼苗经60 d培育(平均水温14～18℃)体长可达5.05 cm。     

Changes in the innate immune response of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., exposed to experimental infection with Neoparamoeba sp

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Neoparamoeba sp. infection on the innate immune responses of Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon were experimentally infected with Neoparamoeba sp. and serially sampled 0, 1, 4, 6, 8 and 11 days post-exposure (dpe). Histological analysis of infected fish gill arches identified the presence of characteristic amoebic gill disease lesions as early as 1 dpe with a steady increase in the number of affected gill filaments over time. Immune parameters investigated were anterior kidney phagocyte function (respiratory burst, chemotaxis and phagocytosis) and total plasma protein and lysozyme. In comparison with non-exposed control fish basal respiratory burst responses were suppressed at 8 and 11 dpe, while phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated activity was significantly suppressed at 11 dpe. Variable differences in phagocytic activity and phagocytic rate following infection were identified. There was an increase in the chemotactic response of anterior kidney macrophages isolated from exposed fish relative to control fish at 8 dpe. Total protein and lysozyme levels were not affected by Neoparamoeba sp. exposure.     

Histopathological and ecological aspects of Henneguya and Myxobolus (Myxosporea) infections in Acanthopagrus australis (Günther) (Pisces: Sparidae) from Moreton Bay, Australia

Abstract. Sporulated plasmodia of Henneguya sp. infected the gill filaments, interhemibranch septum, gut and other microhabitats of Acanthopagrus australis in Moreton Bay, southern Queensland, whereas Myxobolus sp. infected only the gut. There was usually no inflammatory response, but some plasmodia in the gill filaments were associated with a granulomatous, predominantly lymphoid, response that was not determined by either parasite maturity, or sex and size of fish or season. There was a microhabitat shift in branchial Henneguya infection from predominantly gill filament in juvenile bream to gill septum in older fish. The highest prevalences of Henneguya were in the southern part of Moreton Bay, but trends in seasonal infection and prevalences in relation to size and sex of fish were similar in the western and southern parts of the bay. This suggested a widespread distribution of the putative annelid alternate host in Moreton Bay, with highest densities in the southern part. Myxobolus infection was most prevalent in young male fish at the winter spawning grounds on eastern surf bars.     

急性病毒性鲫鳃出血病的病理变化

病毒性鲫(Carassius auratus)鳃出血病的突发流行可导致鱼高致死率,使中国部分养鱼场近些年受到重创。为了充分认识这种鱼病的发生发展过程,我们结合PCR、光学显微镜和透射电镜,对病鱼头肾等组织的病变及病毒分布情况进行了分析。注射自然发病鱼的组织滤液(病毒悬液),能使正常鲫感染,且出现与自然发病鲫相同的症状及高致死率;病原有典型疱疹病毒的形态特征(故称为鲫疱疹病毒,Ca HV)。经PCR扩增对已知鲤科疱疹病毒主要衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因进行检测,可确定Ca HV存在于被感染鱼的肝、脾、肾和头肾组织中。对组织病理变化及不同时序进行比较,结果表明Ca HV感染会引起鲫这些组织不同程度病变,而鳃和头肾的病理变化有显著时序相关性。在头肾细胞中还观察到大量Ca HV颗粒,预示鲫头肾是Ca HV侵染和复制的主要靶器官。     

Effects of the gill monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae (Meserve, 1938) and treatment with hydrogen peroxide on pathophysiology of kingfish, Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833

Infections by the gill fluke Zeuxapta seriolae are a serious concern for sea cage aquaculture of kingfish, Seriola lalandi. The present study aimed to determine the pathophysiological effects of a progressive infection with Z. seriolae and the effects of treatment with hydrogen peroxide. For the progression of infection study, infected fish were taken from a sea cage farm, treated to remove parasites and then infected by cohabitation with heavily infected fish. Samples were taken at 2-week intervals for 8 weeks. Infection intensity peaked at 4 weeks post-infection (mean intensity 565.9) and the number of mature worms (2 mm fixed length or larger) peaked at 6 weeks post-infection. Attachment of Z. seriolae appeared to cause little localized pathology; however, the occurrence of hyperplastic lamellae increased as the infection progressed. Haemoglobin concentrations were negatively correlated with Z. seriolae intensity and were lower than controls at 4 weeks (35.8% decrease) and 6 weeks (57.4% decrease) post-infection. Blood lactate concentration and plasma osmolality increased throughout the course of infection. For the effect of treatment experiment, groups of infected and non-infected fish were sampled either before or after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Treated fish from both infected and uninfected groups had increased plasma lactate, osmolality and pH compared with pre-treatment groups. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide appeared to have acute effects on fish health but the magnitude (e.g. lactate, osmolality) and extent of the effects (e.g. haemoglobin) was much less than that caused by chronic infection with Z. seriolae.     

Juvenile Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) affect the skin and gills of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and the host response to a handling procedure

Infectious Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer) cause localized inflammation at the site of attachment on the host fish, while the greatest physiological impact occurs with the development of the subadult and adult stages. We exposed Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) to infectious copepods at 30, 25 and 14 days prior to a net confinement procedure, while a second group were sham infected. Fish were sampled at time zero, 2, 4, and 6 h of continuous net confinement, and at 24 h after 2 h confinement. Plasma Na⁺, Cl^–, gill Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase activity and skin mucous cell numbers were measured, and skin and gill condition assessed microscopically. Exposure to copepods resulted in lower numbers of acidophilic mucous cells and poor condition of the skin and gill epithelia. Total numbers of mucous cells were decreased in net confined infected fish only. Plasma Na⁺ was elevated in all samples from non‐infected netted fish, without altered gill Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase activity, while infected fish had higher plasma Na⁺ only at 2 h and increased gill ATPase activity at 4 h. The epithelia of infected fish were more severely affected by the confinement procedure. Exposure to juvenile lice can induce effects that become apparent only when a stressor is applied.