鳗种培育技术的几点改进意见

原池底为正漏斗形，排污口设在池中央，池中沉淀的污物也集中于此。在养殖初期立管防逃用30目钢丝网期间，排污时，因污物颗粒大于30目网目，不能排出，常堵住立管，要不断地取下排污套网洗刷，排污工作量大，污物也不易排净；放鱼时，鳗鱼以中央排污口为园心游动，远离排污口，很少有鱼跟水而下，当水放至池底时，鱼游动的范围随水而缩小，当水快放结束时，     

南美白对虾健康高效养殖技术

为了深入探索南美白对虾健康高效养殖模式,提高养殖经济效益,我们在引进广东等地区高位池对虾高产养殖模式的基础上,在温岭市绿珍水产养殖场进行了南美白对虾健康高效养殖试验,取得了良好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,平均亩产939kg,亩净利润9017元。一、池塘条件1.池塘池塘9口,单口池塘面积4亩~5亩,面积总计43亩。上半年在原土池基础上进行改造,改建后养殖池塘堤坝高3.0m~3.2m,蓄水深2.5m,池中央设排污口,四周安装1m×3m的网闸各2道,池底铺设管径20cm的PVC管各2根,用于排污。池塘四周堤坝用水泥混凝土护坡,池底用水泥混凝土浇灌或用黄…     

南方高位池养虾模式

近几年南方沿海各省又掀起了新一轮的养虾热潮,特别值得关注的是广东、海南等省的高位池养虾模式。所谓高位池就是潮上带提水对虾精养池,与之对应的传统的纳潮式虾池称之为低位池。高位池单位面积产量高、效益好,能抵御风暴潮的袭击,安全系数大,养成率高;清淤、排污、晒塘方便彻底,易于日常管理,便于投饵、池水消毒和病害防治。高位池养殖模式实现了集约化高密度健康养殖,是现代化养殖业的重要发展方向。海南省的高位池从1997年的0.33万亩猛增到现在的6.24万亩,广东省湛江市现有高位池7万亩,养成率均在70％以上,每亩产量在800～1 000 kg左右,最高可达1 500 kg以上,屡破全国单产记录。     

郑州市生态农业中水产养殖配套设施研究探索(下)

<正>四、高位池循环养殖模式1.技术要点高位池循环水流水养殖模式,结合水生莲菜而进行的综合种养模式,充分利用了水生植物的吸收作用,帮助解决了水产养殖中的尾水处理难题。该技术采用过滤吸附、净化沉淀、微生物修复、离心沉淀、中间排污、水车增氧、变频增氧、智能控氧、节能泵循环等技术,减少了药物的使用、减少了疾病的发生;大大提高了养殖产量,提高了水产品质量,提高了土地的利用率(详见图3)。采用高位池节能循环水养殖技术,每日定时排放池塘鱼类粪便沉积物,不仅改变了池塘鱼类     

科学养鲍问答（Ⅱ）

3.鲍的筏式养殖技术要点是什么? (1)养殖海区的选择 水深要求低潮时10米以上,水越深,水环境相对越稳定,养殖水层的调节越灵活。但太深时,筏架设置投资较大,一般15～20米为宜。 养殖区应远离工业排污和城市排污口,水质应达到国家颁布的渔业水质标准。盐度周年变化幅度不应超过     

花鳗白苗期的培育技术

<正>花鳗苗从菲律宾引进到我国以来,许多研究者对其展开各个阶段的养殖研究,目前花鳗的养殖技术已经成熟,然而白苗期养殖仍存在成活率和生长率都低的问题。下面将花鳗白苗期的培育过程总结如下:一、养殖设备养殖池呈方形八角状,池底呈锅底形,面积为约150~200米2,池深1米。每池设有两台0.75千瓦水车式增氧机,使水沿顺时针方向循环流动,这样可以将粪便和残饵等集中到排污口,以便更好地排污。并     

珍珠龙胆石斑鱼高位池无公害养殖技术研究

<正>2012年12月-2013年11月我站在海南定大养殖有限公司宝峙无公害养殖生产基地实施《珍珠龙胆石斑鱼高位池无公害养殖技术研究》项目。经近一年时间的精心饲养与细心管理,项目各项技术指标全部完成,取得理想的结果,现将项目实施中的操作技术归纳总结如下,以供业内人士参考。一、养殖条件1.池塘条件旧高位池1口,面积5亩,设计池深3.5米,最大蓄水深度2.8米,池内壁铺砌水泥预制板,砂泥质池底且呈锅底状,池底部中央设置排水系统,可自流排干池水,进、排水渠道分开设置,配     

欧洲鳗养殖技术发展经验谈

福建省仙游县是中国大陆较早引进欧洲鳗鲡试养,并取得成功的县之一。现将仙游县近年来在欧洲鳗养殖领域的主要技术措施取得的进展情况介绍如下:一、养鳗池的改进初期欧鳗养殖池是根据养殖日本鳗的模式即大水泥池养殖,经过不断摸索改造,创新成为现在的中小型欧鳗养殖池。即:白仔池、黑仔池60～120米2/口,无角方形池,池高0.8～1米,池壁光滑,池中央设排污口,池底四周向中心倾斜,池中心向排水集鱼口倾斜。排污口设排污箱,依鳗苗大小不同,上覆不同网目的拦网。成鳗池150～250米2/口(12米×12米～16米×16米),池高1～1.3米,池底形状同黑仔池,排污…     

蓝藻的综合防控要点

<正>长期单一使用同一种方法灭除蓝藻,效果日益减退。而多种方法的综合防控则可使蓝藻的浓度处在一个低水平的动态平衡,有效防止蓝藻水华的生成。要真正达到蓝藻的综合防控,需要掌握几个技术要点。1.彻底清淤放养之前彻底清塘和晒塘,清除池底富含有机物的淤泥,是改善底质的最好手段。一般土池面积7~20亩,池底平整,池底积水可排干。能中间排污的高位池面积3~10亩。上一造养殖对虾收     

红罗非鱼北方海水工厂化养殖技术

正为探索海水养殖新品种、新模式,为渔民增收、渔业增效提供技术支撑,2019年日照市引进广东繁育的红罗非鱼苗种进行海水工厂化养殖试验并获得成功。一、养殖设施及放苗准备养殖池为常规工厂化养殖用池,池子的形状为圆形、40米~2、池深1.4米,池底平坦,池子中央略低于池底四周(便于排污),排污口设在池底     

Effect of different management practices on water quality of intensive tilapia culture systems in Israel

Commercial intensive aquaculture systems werebuilt and are managed in a somewhat differentway in each farm. To evaluate the effects ofseveral management procedures on water qualityin intensive fish ponds, data from severallocations, times and culture conditions indifferent farms were collected and are hereinanalyzed through multivariate statistics.Water quality in the intensive ponds depends onthe water entering, the biological processeswithin, and the water leaving the ponds. Areservoir used as source and sink water supplied theintensive ponds with higher organic loadingthan clear source waters, and its phytoplanktoncontent affected nitrogen cycling within theintensive ponds. The systems with a reservoirhad better water quality in the intensive pondsthan those with only clean source water.Within the ponds (1) compared to paddle-wheelaeration, aeration by pure oxygen increasedoxygen concentration, improved nitrificationand promoted decomposition that reduced organicloading. (2) In concrete ponds accumulation oforganic matter and development of anerobicconditions on the pond bottom was higher thanin the slippery plastic-covered ponds. (3) Allintensive ponds provided good growthconditions, tilapia biomass having relativelysmall influence on water quality. Only inpaddle-wheel aerated ponds did increased tilapiabiomass increased inorganic nitrogen compoundsand soluble phosphorus through excretion, andreduce organic nitrogen through a moreefficient removal of food particles.Water leaving the ponds removes matteraffecting water quality within the pond. (1)Draining sediments accumulated on the bottomavoided development of anaerobic conditionswhere denitrification and phosphorus liberationcan occur. (2) Water exchange removed particleswith nitrifying bacteria and algae that absorbnutrients. A high water exchange rate may havea negative effect from the water quality pointof view and from the extra costs incurred inenergy and feeds washed out.The processes described occur simultaneouslythroughout the culture period and shape waterquality dynamics in the ponds. This researchcontributed to the understanding of howmanagement procedures affect the differentphases of water quality dynamics in real-scaletilapia commercial intensive systems.     

一株内循环流水养殖池塘光合细菌的分离鉴定及氮磷去除能力的研究

为提高内循环流水养殖池塘净化区域的净化能力,从重庆潼南区内循环流水养殖池塘的底泥中分离纯化得到一株光合细菌(命名为菌株GR01)。通过形态学观察、生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA基因序列分析和扫描吸收光谱,对菌株进行分类鉴定。测定菌株GR01在不同温度、不同pH、不同盐度条件下的660 nm处的吸光度(A660),确定其最优培养条件。测定氨氮(NH3-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO₂^--N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量,探究在室内模拟条件下该菌株对内循环流水养殖池塘净化区水体的去污能力。结果显示:菌株GR01为北京红篓菌(Rhodocista pekingensis),最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH为8.0,最适盐度为10‰,该菌株对尾水中NH3-N、NO₂^--N、TN和TP去除率分别为57.42%、28.74%、32.67%、32.85%。研究表明,菌株GR01对氮、磷具有明显的去除效率,其中对氨氮的去除效率最高,与内循环流水养殖模式结合具有潜在的应用价值。     

室内集约化养虾池以低频率运转水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支

采用低频率运转循环水处理系统(含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器,蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等)联用池内设施(微泡曝气增氧机与净水网)开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明,养虾水经系统处理后,NO₂-N(53.4%～64.5%)、COD_Mn(53.4%～94.4%)与TAN(31.6%～40.4%)被显著去除,有效改进虾池水质;养殖周期内未换水与用药,虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围,7号实验池(100 d)与8号对照池(80 d)主要水化指标变化范围:DO分别为 5.07～6.70 mg/L和4.38～6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248～0.561 mg/L和0.301～0.794 mg/L,NO₂-N 0.019～0.311 mg/L和0.012～0.210 mg/L,COD_Mn 10.88～21.22 mg/L和11.65～23.34 mg/L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池(80 d虾病暴发终止),单位水体产量分别为1.398 kg/m²与0.803 kg/m²。氮磷收支估算结果:7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入:氮93.70%与92.37%,磷98.77%与99.09%;初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6.30%与7.63%,磷共占1.23%与0.91%。总水层(含排污水)氮磷分别占总输出:氮56.45%与59.86%,磷53.26%与55.79%;收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出:氮37.07%与31.94%,磷21.37%与13.11%。7号池饲料转化率较高;池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出:氮7.00%与9.34%,磷25.37%与31.10%。实验结果表明,虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病,具较高饲料转化率。     

凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖氮、磷收支研究及养殖效果分析

对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）高位池养殖氮（N）和磷（P）收支情况进行系统研究,比较分析不同放养季节、虾苗品系以及是否进行分段养殖引起养殖效果的差异。结果显示,饲料是最主要的N和P输入源,分别占池塘N和P总输入的91.76%~93.68%和94.55%~96.97%。收获对虾输出N和P分别占总输入的29.46%~40.46%和12.64%~17.41%,随养殖废水排出的N和P分别占24.63%~54.52%和23.03%~59.02%,沉积在池塘底部的N和P分别占14.10%~44.59%和27.59%~62.25%。放养季节和虾苗品系对养殖效果有显著影响。夏季组（ZS）对虾平均生长速度达到0.175g.d-1,分别比秋季组（ZF）和冬季普通组（ZW）高73.0%和139.3%。ZW成活率77.70%~87.75%,显著高于ZS和ZF。与相同养殖季节放养一代苗的ZW相比,放养本地苗的冬季组（BW）养殖成活率62.10%~72.30%,单位面积产量8821~9878kg.hm-2,均显著较低。采用分段养殖的冬季标粗组（ZWb）养成池塘单造使用周期缩短56.13%。     

不同鱼类和采样时间的养殖池塘环境微生物群落研究

微生物群落是养殖池塘生态系统重要的组成部分。本研究在不同月份采集尼罗罗非鱼和斑点叉尾鮰池塘水体样品,分析水样中的硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、总氮和总磷等理化指标,利用Biolog-Eco微平板技术分析水体中微生物对各类碳源代谢的平均颜色变化率,利用高通量测序技术分析水体中的菌群结构,以期了解养殖鱼种类和季节对养殖池塘环境及菌群结构的影响。结果表明：冬季淡水养殖池塘水质和菌群结构不同于其他季节,养殖鱼类种类对池塘水体理化指标和水体微生物菌群结构的影响不大。不同采样时间的池塘水体理化指标差异显著,同一采样时间不同养殖鱼类池塘水体理化指标之间无显著差异。其中,1月尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘水样中的NH4-N含量高于其他月份,显著高于4月和7月的水样(P<0.05)；1月TP含量显著高于1月、4月和7月(P<0.05)。1月斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水样中的TP和NO₃-N含量显著高于其他三个月份(P<0.05)。Biolog-ECO微平板技术检测到尼罗罗非鱼和斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水样中的微生物群落对碳水化合物和氨基酸的利用能力较强,对酚胺类化合物的利用能力较弱,4月斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体微生物对碳源的利用率高于尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘。高通量测序结果发现厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是尼罗罗非鱼和斑点叉尾鮰养殖池塘水体中的绝对优势菌门。hgcI clade、CL500-29 marine group和C39等参与氮磷循环的菌属为淡水池塘养殖水体中的主要菌属。本研究结果为了解淡水养殖环境中微生物群落结构与变化规律、更有针对性的构建淡水养殖池塘尾水生态化处理方法提供科学依据。     

Effect of different management practices on water quality of intensive tilapia culture systems in Israel

Commercial intensive aquaculture systems werebuilt and are managed in a somewhat differentway in each farm. To evaluate the effects ofseveral management procedures on water qualityin intensive fish ponds, data from severallocations, times and culture conditions indifferent farms were collected and are hereinanalyzed through multivariate statistics. Water quality in the intensive ponds depends onthe water entering, the biological processeswithin, and the water leaving the ponds. Areservoir used as source and sink water supplied theintensive ponds with higher organic loadingthan clear source waters, and its phytoplanktoncontent affected nitrogen cycling within theintensive ponds. The systems with a reservoirhad better water quality in the intensive pondsthan those with only clean source water. Within the ponds (1) compared to paddle-wheelaeration, aeration by pure oxygen increasedoxygen concentration, improved nitrificationand promoted decomposition that reduced organicloading. (2) In concrete ponds accumulation oforganic matter and development of anerobicconditions on the pond bottom was higher thanin the slippery plastic-covered ponds. (3) Allintensive ponds provided good growthconditions, tilapia biomass having relativelysmall influence on water quality. Only inpaddle-wheel aerated ponds did increased tilapiabiomass increased inorganic nitrogen compoundsand soluble phosphorus through excretion, andreduce organic nitrogen through a moreefficient removal of food particles. Water leaving the ponds removes matteraffecting water quality within the pond. (1)Draining sediments accumulated on the bottomavoided development of anaerobic conditionswhere denitrification and phosphorus liberationcan occur. (2) Water exchange removed particleswith nitrifying bacteria and algae that absorbnutrients. A high water exchange rate may havea negative effect from the water quality pointof view and from the extra costs incurred inenergy and feeds washed out. The processes described occur simultaneouslythroughout the culture period and shape waterquality dynamics in the ponds. This researchcontributed to the understanding of howmanagement procedures affect the differentphases of water quality dynamics in real-scaletilapia commercial intensive systems.     

Bacterial composition,abundance and diversity in fish polyculture and mussel–fish integrated cultured ponds in China

Bacterial community and abiotic environmental parameters in twelve freshwater aquaculture ponds were analysed. According to the major component of stocked animals, the ponds were grouped into four types: black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii ponds. Each type of pond was stocked with three species of Chinese carps (silver carp, bighead carp and gibel carp) to form a unique mode of fish polyculture or mussel–fish integrated culture. The bacterial composition was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Totally, 3701 and 11 150 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified from the water and sediment samples respectively. The number of OTUs, abundance‐based coverage estimator, Chao1 index and Shannon diversity index were lower in the water column than in the sediment, suggesting that diversity and stability of bacterial community were higher in the sediment. In the water column, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated at the phylum level, and 26 dominant genera were identified. In the sediment, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae dominated at the phylum level, and 25 dominant genera were identified. Bacterial compositions between the ponds with different aquaculture modes were similar at the phylum levels, but varied at the genus levels. The bacterial composition in the ponds was correlated with hardness, ammonia and total nitrogen in the water column. This study indicates that the type of aquaculture mode is a factor regulating the microbial community, which provides an insight towards microbial management through probiotic manipulation in pond culture.     

Water use and conservation for inland aquaculture ponds

The general hydrological equation, inflow = outflow ± change in storage, can be used to make accurate estimates of water use by ponds for inland aquaculture projects. The primary inflows are precipitation, runoff and regulated water additions. The main outflows are evaporation, seepage, overflow after storms and intentional discharge. Water conservation measures such as maintaining storage capacity in ponds equal to the normal, maximum daily precipitation, reduction in seepage beneath dams and through pond bottoms, fish harvest without draining ponds, and water re-use are discussed. Even with the implementation of water conservation measures, pond aquaculture is a water- intensive endeavour which consumes more water per unit of area than irrigated agriculture. However, the value of aquacultural production per unit of water used greatly exceeds that of irrigated agriculture. Reduction in effluent volume is the most effective water saving means, and not only reduces water consumption but also reduces the pollution potential of pond aquaculture.     

池塘循环水生态养殖效果分析

用多种生物修复技术结合池塘工程改造手段,构建封闭型池塘循环水生态养殖系统。养殖水体的水质指标监测结果表明,该循环系统对TN、TP、NH4+-N及CODMn的平均去除率分别达62.89%、60.24%、56.52%、47.81%,具有很好的净化效果,能够满足养殖用水的要求,在整个养殖过程中实现了养殖尾水零排放。该循环水养殖模式符合当前太湖保护的规划要求。     

A Survey of Water Quality Characteristics of Effluent from Hawaiian Aquaculture Facilities

Ten water quality parameters were measured in influent and effluent water at 11 aquaculture facilities in Hawaii. The data were grouped into four categories based on the types of organisms cultured: freshwater fish, freshwater prawn, marine fish, and marine shrimp. Within each category, concentrations of most parameters were lognormally distributed and spanned one to two orders of magnitude. Geometric mean concentrations of suspended materials, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pigments were highest in effluent from freshwater prawn ponds and lowest in marine fish pond effluent. Nitrate/Nitrite and total ammonia concentrations were higher in fish pond effluent than in crustacean pond effluent. Parameter concentrations were generally higher in effluent than in influent water, with freshwater fish and prawn ponds exhibiting the greatest increases in suspended materials and pigments. In contrast, nitrate/nitrite concentrations were lower in effluent than in influent waters. These data provide a basis for analyzing the environmental impacts of warm-water aquaculture effluent discharges.