太湖新银鱼和寡齿新银鱼组织内氨基酸的含量

太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis Chen)和寡齿新银鱼(N.oligodontis Chen)广泛分布于我国东部平原地区湖泊,为重要经济鱼类。目前,有关银鱼种群生态与生长特性、生物学特性、生殖发育及移植引种等方面的研究报道较多,但对银鱼鱼休营养成分及营养价值方面的研究尚未见报道。本文是对这两种银鱼肌肉及寡齿新银鱼整体的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸进行测定,并初步比较分析的结果。     

太湖新银鱼和寡齿新银鱼的营养成分分析

太湖新银鱼和寡齿新银鱼的营养成分分析熊传喜，杨干荣，王宝林（武汉华中农业大学，武汉４３００７０）目前，某些银鱼已成为我国优质的增殖对象。对银鱼的生物学特性、引种、种群生态以及增殖等方面的研究报告较多，但对银鱼的营养成分及其营养价值的研究则较少。本文对...     

大银鱼的繁殖生物学特性及移植放流的主要措施

记述了大银鱼繁殖生物学特性（生殖腺发育和产卵特点、胚胎和仔鱼的发育及生态适应力），并在此基础上提出改进和完善移植放流的措施。论述了大银鱼的种群数量增长和资源合理利用问题。     

大银鱼在水库中的栖息活动及种群结构特性研究

<正>结合大银鱼(Prolosalanx hyalocranius)移植增殖工作,笔者近年研究了水库大银鱼的生物学,移植驯化技术操作规程,受精卵采集、低温无水保存和运输,渔具渔法与捕捞模式,渔业资源管理模式等.多数学者在大银鱼资源调查和生物学研究中,虽有论及大银鱼群体结构和洄游规律,但水域环境系浅水湖泊,与山谷丘陵水库水域的栖息生态环境差异较大.本文主要报道大银鱼在移植水库里的栖息活动规律及种群结构变化,以期为大银鱼资源增殖与合理利用提供依据.     

太湖银鱼种群消长动态及其增殖措施

研究了太湖5种银鱼的形态检索特征。繁殖生物学和种群消长动态等，银鱼具典型蒙氏第一产卵群体类型的生物学特征，环境因子和人为干预的协同作用是造成太湖银鱼种群变化和资源衰退的主要原因。增殖资源可采取：限制凶猛鱼类发展，建立太湖银鱼人工增殖放流站和银鱼繁殖场，治理污染等措施。     

银魚的移殖及其技术的探讨

概述了我国银鱼移殖的实际情况,讨论了移殖银鱼的种类及主要生物学特性、移殖银鱼的环境条件与效应以及银鱼移殖的人工授精、孵化和运输技术等有关问题。     

银鱼移植及其生物学技术的探讨

银鱼移植是一种投入少、见效快、获益高、方便易行的资源增殖手段,近些年来在我国内陆水域广泛开展。本文介绍了目前我国内陆水域银鱼移植概况,扼要论述了银鱼移植生物学技术,并展望其今后发展前景。     

南川市银鱼移植的可行性及引种推广措施

论述了银鱼移植的可行性和引种推广的措施，介绍了银鱼的生物学特性，移植银鱼的价值与意义，移植的初步技术方案，外地移植银鱼取得的经济效益实例和市银鱼移植的具体措施。     

佛子岭,磨子潭水库生态环境与大银鱼移植

佛子岭、磨子潭水库引进大银鱼受精卵后,当年均能捕到银鱼,但均未形成产量。分析了水库生态环境与银鱼生长关系及影响种群形成的原因,提出了提高移植大银鱼效益的建议。     

大银鱼的生物学及开发价值

本文描述了大银鱼的生物学特性及开发价值,介绍了国内成功移植大银鱼的典型实例及河北省的移植现状。     

兴凯湖鱼类群落结构变化与渔业资源利用

2012年5月-10月,对兴凯湖鱼类及渔业资源利用状况进行了调查,2012年渔产量约为295t,工作渔船209条,期间共统计渔获物1081kg,生物学测定803尾,经鉴定共有鱼类50种。近年来,兴凯湖生态环境的改变导致鱼类种群结构变化,渔获物个体趋向低龄化、小型化,产量持续下降。本研究整理了历史数据并将其与本次调查结果进行对比,分析渔获物组成特征以及渔产量动态变化特点,找出鱼类群落结构的变化趋势,提出了未来兴凯湖渔业资源可持续利用的建议。     

兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成及差异分析

兴凯湖与小兴凯湖地处我国东北边陲,仅一岗之隔,但二者的生态环境差别很大,在小兴凯湖移植大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocraniu进行人工增殖没有取得很好效果的情况下,随泄洪水流入到兴凯湖中的大银鱼则很好地发展了自己的种群。为探讨兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成的差异及其与大银鱼种群发展的关系,于2010年1月-12月...     

兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成及差异分析

兴凯湖与小兴凯湖地处我国东北边陲,仅一岗之隔,但二者的生态环境差别很大,在小兴凯湖移植大银鱼Protosalanx hyalocraniu进行人工增殖没有取得很好效果的情况下,随泄洪水流入到兴凯湖中的大银鱼则很好地发展了自己的种群。为探讨兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成的差异及其与大银鱼种群发展的关系,于2010年1月-12月对兴凯湖和小兴凯湖鱼类组成进行了调查。调查结果表明二者在鱼类种类组成上相似性仍较高,但在鱼类生物量组成上有明显差别。本次调查兴凯湖有鱼类56种,与历史数据比较基本没有减少,但新纪录3种：大麻哈鱼Oncorhynchus keta、梭鲈Lucioperca lucioperca和黑龙江泥鳅Misgurnus moloity（Dybowski）。小兴凯湖现有鱼类33种,比历史记载减少10种,东北Sarcocheilichthys lacustris、怀头鲶Silurus soldatovi和大银鱼为3个新纪录种;两湖的Sorenson指数为0.72。作为亚寒带的大型湖泊兴凯湖有着独特的水文和生态特点,大多数喜草生境种类在兴凯湖中的生物量都很低。本文探讨了兴凯湖与小兴凯湖鱼类组成差异与大银鱼种群发展的关系。     

三峡水库高、低水位下开县汉丰湖鱼类资源变化特征

2012年10-11月三峡水库高水位期以及2013年5-6月三峡水库低水位期调查了汉丰湖的鱼类资源,研究三峡水库高、低水位下汉丰湖鱼类种类组成、优势种类、生物多样性以及群落相似性,并对不同水位下汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的扰动特征和增殖放流情况进行了辨识和探讨。共采集到鱼类17 553尾,42种,隶属于4目7科31属。其中三峡水库低水位时采集到鱼类33种,高水位时采集到鱼类34种。汉丰湖优势种类在三峡水库低水位时为银鮈Squalidus argentatus、似鳊Pseudobrama simoni、歺又鱼Hemiculter leucisculus、蒙古鲌Culter mongolicus mongolicus和鲤Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio;在三峡水库高水位时为似鳊、鲤、鲫Carassius auratus、张氏歺又鱼Hemiculter tchangi和鲇Silurus asotus。汉丰湖鱼类Shannon-wiener多样性指数(H’)、Simpson优势度指数(D)、Pielous均匀度指数(E)和Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)在三峡水库低水位时分别为1.63、0.67、0.46和3.52;在三峡水库高水位时分别为2.15、0.80、0.61和4.34。三峡水库低、高水位时汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的Bray-Curtis相似性仅为26.52%,喜缓、静水生境的银鮈、张氏歺又鱼、鲤、歺又鱼、鲫、鲇、似鳊和蒙古鲌是群落结构差异的主要种类,累积差异贡献率为90.67%。汉丰湖鱼类群落在高水位时受到中等程度的干扰,而在低水位时受到严重干扰。建议每年均放流鲢、鳙、草鱼并进一步加大放流规模。     

涨渡湖渔业资源及鱼类多样性状况研究

武汉市新洲区涨渡湖渔业生产是以人工投放、天然生长为主,鱼类资源自然增殖为辅的粗放型管理模式进行。1992~2004年捕捞产量变幅范围为(3.69~50.61)×104kg,其中有9个年份变幅在10×104kg以上;产品收入变幅范围为(2.77~201.77)×104元,其中有6个年份变幅在50×104元以上。目前涨渡湖鱼类共有47种,与历史最高种数比较,下降了38.2%。渔获物组成中,放养鱼类占80%以上,人工放养是目前涨渡湖鱼类补充群体的主要来源;鱼类年龄结构简单,主要经济鱼类低龄化趋势严重;主要品种鲢、鳙的生长速度慢于同类湖泊。江湖隔绝和长期的人工增养殖生产作业方式,是导致涨渡湖鱼类区系逐渐简单化,鱼类多样性下降的重要原因。     

中甸叶须鱼种群生存力初步分析

中甸叶须网(Ptychobarbus chungtienensis chungtienensis)是云南碧塔海唯一的土著鱼类,也是当地重点保护鱼类,近年来其种群数量有下降的趋势.2007年7月至2011年6月对碧塔海的水生生物进行了连续监测,在掌握了中甸叶须鱼生态学数据的基础上,利用漩涡模型(Vortex 9.99)分析了其种群生存力,预测了理想状态下未来100年内中甸叶须鱼的种群动态以及由于自然灾害和人为干扰等外界因素的变化导致其种群的变动趋势.结果显示,在一定儿率自然灾害发生的前提下,随着人为干扰程度的加深,中甸叶须鱼面临灭绝的风险也将增大.为维持碧塔海的水生生态平衡,保护区应当加强管理,合理开发,尽量减少人为干扰,加强水生生物的监测力度,对叶须鱼的保护应引起足够的重视.     

Lack of genetic population structure of slimy sculpin in a large,fragmented lake

Most of what is known about sculpin population structure comes from research in streams; however, slimy sculpins are also a common benthic species in deep lakes. In streams, sculpins are considered to be a relatively inactive species, moving only small distances, and characteristically have high levels of genetic structure. We examined population genetic structure of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) across multiple barriers and over distances up to 227 km in Lake Champlain (USA, Canada) and Lake Ontario (USA, Canada) to determine whether lake populations of sculpin are also highly structured. We predicted that slimy sculpin populations in Lake Champlain would be structured by six causeways as well as by distance, Lake Ontario populations would be structured only by distance, and differences between the lakes would be large relative to within‐lake differences. We examined microsatellite variation among 200 slimy sculpins from Lake Champlain and 48 slimy sculpins from Lake Ontario to evaluate patterns of population connectivity and structure. There was no indication of population substructuring within either lake but sculpin were genetically distinct between lakes. We conclude that there is a single, panmictic population of sculpin present in Lake Champlain and another potentially panmictic population in Lake Ontario, with no indication of genetic isolation by distance. Our results contrast with data from sculpin in streams, suggesting distance and habitat fragmentation exert little influence on population connectivity of benthic fish in lakes.     

Diet dynamics of the juvenile piscivorous fish community in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA, 1997–1998

Abstract – We assessed temporal dynamics and variation among species and age-classes in the diets of age 0 and age 1 piscivorous fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA during 1997 and 1998. Species included walleye Stizostedion vitreum , yellow perch Perca flavescens , smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui , largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white bass Morone chrysops. Thirty taxa were identified in diets, including 12 species of fish. We found dramatic differences in diets among species, among age-classes within species and over time. Walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and white bass were piscivorous at age 0. Black crappie began piscivory at age 1. Yellow perch also began piscivory at age 1, but fish were a very small fraction of age-1 diets. The primary temporal pattern, seen in several species and age-classes, was an increase in piscivory from spring to fall. This pattern was due to the lack of small, age-0 prey fish in spring. Although some patterns were evident, the taxonomic composition of the diets of all species was highly variable over time, making generalizations difficult. A surprising result was the absence of yellow perch in the diet of age-0 walleye, despite their abundance in Spirit Lake and prominence in diets of age-1 walleye and other age 1-piscivores. Age-0 yellow perch were consistently too large to be eaten by age-0 piscivores, which preyed primarily on invertebrates and smaller fish such as johnny darters Etheostoma nigrum and age 0 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. This finding suggests that predator-prey interactions and resulting population dynamics may be quite different in Spirit Lake than in other systems dominated by walleye and yellow perch.     

邛海鱼类资源与空间分布的水声学调查探究

2013年12月和2015年9月,运用科学回声探测仪对邛海的鱼类资源量、空间分布进行了水声学法走航调查评估与分析。野外调查同时采用三层刺网、地笼等网具采样,结合湖岸鱼市及访问渔民等方式,对邛海现有鱼类组成进行分类整理。结果显示,邛海土著鱼类资源稀缺,太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、歺又鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)、红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)等外来种为邛海鱼类组成优势种。2013年和2015年,邛海湖区鱼类平均密度分别为(0.1483±0.0715)尾/m~3和(0.1051±0.0279)尾/m~3,鱼类资源量分别为4.67×10~7尾和2.90×10~7尾;体长在13.3cm以上的鱼类资源量分别为9.9×10~6尾和7.6×10~6尾。鱼类水平方向主要集中分布于月亮湾-青龙寺以及青龙寺-邛海湾断面,垂直方向主要分布在中上层,且极显著高于底层(P0.01);调查表明,邛海鱼类的空间分布情况基本类似,4个调查断面及不同水层的鱼类种群分布类型均趋于成群分布(v1)。初步认为邛海鱼类水平分布差异主要是游客休闲娱乐、沿岸居民农业生产等人为干扰以及不同区域水深变化引起的,垂直水层分布差异与优势种鱼类的生态习性紧密相关。     

Juvenile growth of two tilapia species in lakes Naivasha and Baringo, Kenya

Abstract –  Tilapia species in East African lakes often form the basis of commercial fisheries, with information on their population biology assisting their management. This study utilised otolith microstructure, with validation by modal progression analysis, to provide growth data for two tilapia species in two Kenyan lakes for the first time. Otolith microstructure revealed the growth rate of Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis , a sub-species endemic to Lake Baringo, was fast compared with populations of Oreochromis niloticus ; mean daily growth rates were >0.50 mm·d⁻¹ in fish between 12 and 53 mm total length. Growth of Oreochromis leucostictus in Lake Naivasha was also relatively fast when compared with the growth rates of other tilapia species, with mean daily growth rates of approximately 0.35–0.48 mm·d⁻¹ in fish between 10 and 56 mm total length. Growth rates of both species were well described by the Gompertz model and were corroborated by modal progression analysis that revealed similar daily growth rates in modes of young-of-the-year fish.